CN101889560A

CN101889560A - Method for breeding gift tilapia fries with high male ratio through temperature induction

Info

Publication number: CN101889560A
Application number: CN2010102346078A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 徐跑; 何杰
Original assignee: Freshwater Fisheries Research Center of Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences
Current assignee: Freshwater Fisheries Research Center of Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences
Priority date: 2010-07-19
Filing date: 2010-07-19
Publication date: 2010-11-24
Anticipated expiration: 2030-07-19
Also published as: CN101889560B

Abstract

The invention belongs to the aquatic animal sex control technology and in particular relates to a breeding method capable of improving the male ratio of gift tilapia fries. The male tilapia grows faster than the female tilapia by 30-50% under the same conditions; therefore the male ratio is improved as much as possible when tilapia is bred. To improve the male ratio of the reproduced gift tilapia and give play to the breeding advantage of the gift tilapia with high male ratio, the invention provides an artificial fry breeding method for improving the male ratio of the reproduced gift tilapia through water temperature control, comprising the following steps: 1. breeding pool preparation; 2. fry source; 3. water injection and fry putting; and 4. temperature control and raising management. The method not only can substantially improve the male ratio, but also does not produce any toxic or side effect, is simple and practical, ensures the male ratio of the bred fries to be over 90% and is suitable for ordinary gift tilapia fry breeding farms.

Description

The breeding method of temperature-induced gift tilapia fries with high male ratio through

Technical field

This invention belongs to aquaculture sex controlling technology, is specifically related to a kind of a kind of breeding method that can improve the male ratio of gift tilapia seedling.

Background technology

There is growth rate difference in female, the male individuality of many fish, and this monosex cultivation of normal employing improves output in aquaculture.Tilapia mossambica male faster than female growth, fast 30%-50% under the same terms is so improve male ratio during cultivating tilapia as far as possible.The method that improves the male rate of Tilapia mossambica has: one, improve male ratio by intervarietal cross, as, Buddhist nun difficult to understand is hybridized Tilapia mossambica (Oreochromis aureus ♂ * bolti ♀) male ratio and can be reached more than 90%; Two, throw something and feed in a certain stage of seed and contain the feed of sex hormone, also can improve male or female percentage.At present, the new varieties gift tilapia of breed is a new lines of cultivating through seed selection for many years from bolti, and he has, and growth is fast, and build is good, and characteristics such as fine and tender taste are subjected to liking of raiser deeply, become the alternative kind that Tilapia mossambica is cultured.But gift tilapia at natural population's state female-male proportion near 1: 1, therefore the male ratio that improves gift tilapia also can increase substantially output, the another one benefit that improves male ratio can eliminate female, male breeding together a large amount of fries that produce and the adult fish contradiction of striving water, striving bait.

The product seedling efficient of gift tilapia and the hybridization of other Tilapia mossambica is low, and male ratio is not high enough, and hybridization has also changed the distinctive merit of gift tilapia; The employing hormone lures the edible safety that draws male fish to be difficult for being accepted by people, and some countries ban use of sex hormone.

The water temperature height produces material impact to the fish sex differentiation potency, the mechanism of temperature-induced aquatic livestock Sex Differentiation still is among the exploration, but comparatively Ren Tong view is: temperature can influence the generation of hormone in vivo (androgen and oestrogenic hormone), under androgenic effect, fish can tend to male differentiation; Under estrogenic effect, fish can tend to female differentiation.In the production process of hormone, the reaction of participating of a series of enzyme is arranged, wherein aromatizing enzyme plays a crucial role in female, androgen conversion process.Enzymatic reaction must be carried out under suitable temperature condition, and high temperature or low temperature may finally influence female, androgenic generation in the fish body, and prospect induce the other fish of female, male unisexuality to be used to produce the prospect of breed with temperature by influencing the catalytic action of aromatizing enzyme.The present invention improves gift tilapia offspring's male ratio by the water temperature condition of Artificial Control fry rearing, embodies the production advantage of gift tilapia with high-male-rate.

Summary of the invention

In order to improve the male ratio that gift tilapia raises up seed, bring into play the breed advantage of high male gift tilapia, the invention provides a kind of artificial raise seedling method that improves gift tilapia offspring male ratio of controlling by water temperature, this method not only can increase substantially male ratio, and it is without any side effects, simple, be fit to general Tilapia mossambica seedling breeding station and use.

The technical solution adopted for the present invention to solve the technical problems is, a kind of breeding method of temperature-induced gift tilapia fries with high male ratio through, and its feature may further comprise the steps: one, cultivate the pond and prepare.Adopt cement pit, the suitable size operation, general area is 10-40 square metre, draining is annotated conveniently in dark 1 meter of pond.Two, fry source.According to traditional seedling-cultivating method, in the mating season of Tilapia mossambica, the fry of fishing for from fry breeding pond, with the sieve of sieve spray fry, the fry of sifting out can carry out temperature and cultivate processing; The fry that factory incubation goes out hatches the back yolk sac and is digested and assimilated fully and after disappearing, but initial feeding just can carry out temperature this moment and cultivate and handle.Three, water filling and put seedling.Well water or aeration running water, water quality is pure and fresh pollution-free, and shallow notes are 50 centimetres earlier, put into fry, put seedling 2-3 ten thousand tails for every square metre, and water temperature difference is no more than 5 ℃ when putting seedling.Four, Temperature Treatment and feeding and management.1, Temperature Treatment.Fry is put into the back and heats with temperature controller, and the control temperature is at 32-36 ℃, and cover film is incubated on cement pit.Add 2 centimetres in water later on every day, be deep to 80 centimetres along with fry grows up to add.Prevent when adding water that water temperature is lower than 32 ℃.2, feeding and management.In the time of water temperature 32-36 ℃, the feed of throwing something and feeding, the semi-solid feed that begins to throw something and feed changes after one week and throws the pulvis feed.The manual inflation keeps more than the pH8.0, raising continuously 15 days more than the water body dissolved oxygen 4mg/L.Fry can change the pond over to and cultivated this moment.The fry male ratio of Pei Yuing reaches more than 90% like this.

Beneficial effect of the present invention: the growth rate of male Tilapia mossambica is than female fast 30% to 50%, even calculate according to minimum standard 30%, the present invention makes the male ratio of gift tilapia bring up to more than 90% by original 50%, improve 40 percentage points, the production ratio of gift tilapia will be improved more than 10% originally.Owing to a large amount of minimizings of female ratio, in cultivating pool, the seedling that breeds reduces greatly, has avoided juvenile fish and adult fish to strive the contradiction that water is striven bait simultaneously.

Embodiment

Embodiment one:

One, cultivating the pond prepares.Two mouthfuls of water mud sumps, area are 13 square metres, and draining is annotated conveniently in dark 1 meter of pond.Two, fry source.According to traditional seedling-cultivating method, June Tilapia mossambica on the 20th mating season, the fry of fishing for from fry breeding pond, the sieve with sieve spray fry obtains gift tilapia spray fry 520,000 tails.Three, water filling and put seedling.Water filling well water, water quality is pure and fresh pollution-free, and shallow notes are 50 centimetres earlier, put into fry, put seedling 20,000 tails for every square metre, and water temperature difference is 3 ℃ when putting seedling.Four, Temperature Treatment and feeding and management.1, Temperature Treatment.After fry is put into, heat with temperature controller (WK-2 temperature controller), the control temperature is added a cover the film insulation at 32 ℃ on cement pit.2 centimetres of the depth of waters of annotating every day are deep to 80 centimetres along with fry grows up to add, and prevent when adding water that the pond water temperature is lower than 32 ℃.2, feeding and management.Control water temperature in the time of 32 ℃, the feed of throwing something and feeding, the semisolid eel feed that begins to throw something and feed changes after one week and throws the pulvis feed that shrimp is used.The manual inflation keeps water body dissolved oxygen 4.8mg/L, and pH8.24 raised 15 days continuously, to July 5.Fry changed the pond over to and cultivated this moment.

The fry male ratio is identified.Through the fry that above Temperature Treatment is crossed, extract 6000 tails at random out, put into the pond of 3 mouthfuls of the same terms respectively and culture.2 mu of pond areas, 1.5 meters of the depth of waters.Seedling 2000 tails are put in every mouthful of pond, normal feeding and management.Culture to October 5, clean up the pond, female milter is counted, first mouthful of pool: milter 1820 tails, raun 160 tails.Male ratio 91.92%; Second mouthful of pool: milter 1880 tails, raun 110 tails, male ratio 94.47%; The 3rd mouthful of pool: milter 1845 tails, raun 82 tails, male ratio 95.75%.The survival rate in three mouthfuls of ponds is respectively 99.00%, 99.50% and 96.35%, and average specification reaches more than 380 grams.

Embodiment two:

One, cultivating the pond prepares.With two mouthfuls of water mud sumps, area is 20 square metres, and draining is annotated conveniently in dark 1 meter of pond.Two, fry source.1 year, July 2, same batch of gift tilapia spray fry from factory culturing goes out amounted to 600,000 tails, put into pond, 36 ℃ of constant temperature ponds and carried out temperature cultivation processing.Three, water filling and put seedling.Water filling aeration running water, water quality is pure and fresh pollution-free, and shallow notes are 50 centimetres earlier, put into fry, put seedling 30,000 tails for every square metre, and water temperature difference is 5 ℃ when putting seedling.Four, Temperature Treatment and feeding and management.1, Temperature Treatment.After fry is put into, heat with temperature controller (WK-2 temperature controller), the control temperature is added a cover the film insulation at 36 ℃ on cement pit.2 centimetres of the depth of waters of annotating every day are deep to 80 centimetres along with fry grows up to add, and prevent when adding water that the pond water temperature is lower than 36 ℃.2, feeding and management.Control water temperature in the time of 36 ℃, the feed of throwing something and feeding, the semisolid eel feed that begins to throw something and feed changes after one week and throws the pulvis feed that shrimp is used.The manual inflation keeps water body dissolved oxygen 6.8mg/L, and pH8.14 raised 15 days continuously, to July 17.Fry can change the pond over to and cultivated this moment.

The fry male ratio is identified.Through the fry that above Temperature Treatment is crossed, extract 7500 tails at random out, put into the pond of 3 mouthfuls of the same terms respectively and culture.2 mu of pond areas, 1.5 meters of the depth of waters.Seedling 2500 tails are put in every mouthful of pond, normal feeding and management.Culture to October 15, clean up the pond, female milter is counted, pool mouth one: milter 2293 tails, raun 135 tails.Male ratio 94.44%; Pool mouth two: milter 2281 tails, raun 107 tails, male ratio 95.52%; Pool mouth three: milter 2386 tails, raun 21 tails, male ratio 99.13%.The survival rate in three mouthfuls of ponds is respectively 97.10%, 95.50% and 96.30%, and average specification reaches more than 360 grams.

Claims

1. the breeding method of a temperature-induced gift tilapia fries with high male ratio through, its feature may further comprise the steps

Prepare in a, cultivation pond: adopt cement pit, area is 10-40 square metre, and draining is annotated conveniently in dark 1 meter of pond;

B, fry source: according to traditional seedling-cultivating method, in the mating season of Tilapia mossambica, the fry of fishing for from fry breeding pond, with the sieve of sieve spray fry, the fry of sifting out can carry out temperature and cultivate processing; The fry that factory incubation goes out hatches the back yolk sac and is digested and assimilated fully and after disappearing, but initial feeding just can carry out temperature this moment and cultivate and handle;

C, water filling and put seedling: well water or aeration running water, water quality is pure and fresh pollution-free, and shallow notes are 50 centimetres earlier, put into fry, put seedling 2-3 ten thousand tails for every square metre, and water temperature difference is no more than 5 ℃ when putting seedling;

D, Temperature Treatment and feeding and management: (1), Temperature Treatment: fry is put into the back and heats with temperature controller, the control temperature is at 32-36 ℃, cover film insulation on cement pit, add 2 centimetres in water later on every day, be deep to 80 centimetres along with fry grows up to add, prevent when adding water that water temperature is lower than 32 ℃; (2), feeding and management: in the time of water temperature 32-36 ℃, the feed of throwing something and feeding, semi-solid feed begins to throw something and feed, change after one week and throw the pulvis feed, use the manual inflation, keep more than the water body dissolved oxygen 4mg/L, pH8.0 more than, raised continuously 15 days, fry can change the pond over to and cultivated this moment.