CN111183933B - Indoor cement pond artificial breeding method for epinephelus fuscoguttatus - Google Patents
Indoor cement pond artificial breeding method for epinephelus fuscoguttatus Download PDFInfo
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- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 83
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 241001149251 Epinephelus fuscoguttatus Species 0.000 title abstract description 11
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 92
- 239000003674 animal food additive Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 241000251468 Actinopterygii Species 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 230000000638 stimulation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 50
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims description 48
- 235000019688 fish Nutrition 0.000 claims description 35
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 26
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- 241001070941 Castanea Species 0.000 claims description 22
- 235000014036 Castanea Nutrition 0.000 claims description 22
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000012258 culturing Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 235000014653 Carica parviflora Nutrition 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 240000005959 Abelmoschus manihot Species 0.000 claims description 10
- 235000001075 Abelmoschus manihot Nutrition 0.000 claims description 10
- 241001290610 Abildgaardia Species 0.000 claims description 10
- 241000361919 Metaphire sieboldi Species 0.000 claims description 10
- 235000016357 Mirtillo rosso Nutrition 0.000 claims description 10
- 240000007019 Oxalis corniculata Species 0.000 claims description 10
- 235000016499 Oxalis corniculata Nutrition 0.000 claims description 10
- 241000237509 Patinopecten sp. Species 0.000 claims description 10
- 235000004347 Perilla Nutrition 0.000 claims description 10
- 240000001085 Trapa natans Species 0.000 claims description 10
- 244000077923 Vaccinium vitis idaea Species 0.000 claims description 10
- 235000017606 Vaccinium vitis idaea Nutrition 0.000 claims description 10
- 235000009165 saligot Nutrition 0.000 claims description 10
- 235000020637 scallop Nutrition 0.000 claims description 10
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- IOVCWXUNBOPUCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M Nitrite anion Chemical compound [O-]N=O IOVCWXUNBOPUCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 241000357439 Epinephelus Species 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 241001083548 Anemone Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000003805 Musa ABB Group Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 240000008790 Musa x paradisiaca Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000015266 Plantago major Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 241000195940 Bryophyta Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000883950 Oocystis borgei Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000003283 Pachira macrocarpa Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000014364 Trapa natans Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 241000351413 Epinephelus malabaricus Species 0.000 claims 6
- 244000124853 Perilla frutescens Species 0.000 claims 2
- 244000132059 Carica parviflora Species 0.000 claims 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 244000058871 Echinochloa crus-galli Species 0.000 abstract 1
- 235000015225 Panicum colonum Nutrition 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 24
- 241000239250 Copepoda Species 0.000 description 16
- 241000243321 Cnidaria Species 0.000 description 12
- 241000229722 Perilla <angiosperm> Species 0.000 description 8
- 235000013372 meat Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- 241000700141 Rotifera Species 0.000 description 6
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- 241000242759 Actiniaria Species 0.000 description 5
- 241000238557 Decapoda Species 0.000 description 5
- 241000195493 Cryptophyta Species 0.000 description 4
- 241001236817 Paecilomyces <Clavicipitaceae> Species 0.000 description 4
- 230000004936 stimulating effect Effects 0.000 description 3
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- 240000001592 Amaranthus caudatus Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000009328 Amaranthus caudatus Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 241001417495 Serranidae Species 0.000 description 2
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- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000015901 Epinephelus tukula Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000604373 Ovatus Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001560086 Pachyrhizus Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000861915 Plecoglossus Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000269821 Scombridae Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009360 aquaculture Methods 0.000 description 1
- 244000144974 aquaculture Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000019994 cava Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003501 co-culture Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/10—Culture of aquatic animals of fish
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/30—Moss
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G33/00—Cultivation of seaweed or algae
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
- A23K10/22—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin from fish
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/80—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for aquatic animals, e.g. fish, crustaceans or molluscs
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- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
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- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
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- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
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Abstract
The invention provides an indoor cement pond artificial breeding method of epinephelus fuscoguttatus, which comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps of cement pond treatment, water quality treatment, stocking management and seedling management, wherein the seedling is divided into three stages, different cement ponds are arranged in each stage for cultivation, a good cultivation environment is manufactured, the second and third stages of cultivation are combined with water grass planting for cement pond purification, different artificial mixed feed additives are fed in each stage, scientific matching is carried out, the growth rule of fish fries is combined, a wild life mode is simulated, water flow stimulation is carried out, and the fish body quality is enhanced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of aquaculture, in particular to an indoor cement pond artificial breeding method for epinephelus niger.
Background
Epinephelus niger, Epinephelus tukuLa, also known as mackerel, is a fish of the genus plecoglossus of the family Sermoides, the class Rhynchophyllidae. Mainly inhabit in rocky reef zones, submarine caves, gaps and coral reefs, and are carnivorous fishes which are fierce in nature and have mutual cannibalism phenomena, and small individuals are often swallowed by large individuals particularly in the juvenile fish stage. The epinephelus fuscoguttatus has higher nutritional value, the meat is delicious and is popular with the public, but the existing culture technology of the epinephelus fuscogutus is not mature, and the cultured epinephelus fuscogutus has poor meat quality, so that the survival rate is low, the growth cycle is long and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention provides an indoor cement pond artificial breeding method for epinephelus fuscoguttatus, and solves the problems.
The technical scheme of the invention is realized as follows: an indoor cement pond artificial breeding method of epinephelus fuscoguttatus comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
s1, cement pool treatment: arranging three cement ponds 1, 2 and 3, cleaning the peripheries of the cement ponds, insolating for 2-6 days, shoveling chestnut calcium soil and coral sand with the weight ratio of 7-9: 1-3 into the pond 1 to cover the bottom of the cement pond, compacting to obtain a height of 5-10 cm, shoveling red soil, yellow brown soil and chestnut calcium soil with the weight ratio of 2-5: 1-4: 0.6-3 into the pond 2 and 3 to cover the bottom of the cement pond, compacting to obtain a height of 7-15 cm, and then cultivating aquatic plants, wherein the aquatic plant cultivation area is 20-40% of the total area of the pond, the bottom of the pond is provided with an inclined plane inclined towards the water outlet, and the inclination is 10-25 degrees;
s2, water quality treatment: the water injection amount is that the height of the pond is 0.9-1.2 m, the salinity is 22-36, the pH value is 7.6-8.0, the dissolved oxygen is 4-8 mg/L, the water temperature is 25-28 ℃, the transparency is 70-90 cm, and the nitrite content is 0.024-0.096 mg/L;
s3, stocking management: selecting offspring seeds with the body length specification of 1.7-2.0 mm according to the ratio of 2000-2500 tails/m2Putting the mixture into a No. 1 pool;
s4, seedling management:
the first stage is as follows: breeding the larvae and the young fishes, feeding the larvae and the young fishes with the artificial compound feed additive I for 3-5 times a day, wherein the feeding amount is 2-5% of the weight of the fry, changing water every 8-12 days, stimulating water flow, and controlling the water flow rate to be 0.8-1.5 m3The feed additive I comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 6-8 parts of water chestnut powder, 7-10 parts of anemone longissima, 8-12 parts of abelmoschus manihot and 5-11 parts of plantain;
and a second stage: fish fry>Culturing in separate ponds after 26mm, putting into a No. 2 cement pond for culturing, feeding with an artificial mixed feed additive II for 2-4 times a day, wherein the feeding amount is 3-5% of the weight of the fry in the morning, and the feeding amount is 1-3% of the weight of the fry in the evening, performing water flow stimulation, and controlling the water flow rate to be 1.2-2.8 m3The feed additive II comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 1-3 parts of sedge, 3-5 parts of creeping oxalis, 2-6 parts of earthworm powder and 3-7 parts of perilla seed powder;
third orderSection (2): fish fry>After 8cm, the fish fries are cultured in a No. 3 cement pond, and fed with an artificial mixed feed additive III for 1-2 times a day, wherein the feeding amount is 2-4% of the weight of the fish fries, water flow stimulation is carried out, and the water flow speed is controlled to be 2-3.5 m3The feed additive III is 1-3 times per day for 2-4 hours each time, and comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 2-7 parts of cowberry, 4-9 parts of caulis polygoni multiflori, 3-8 parts of radix puerariae powder and 5-9 parts of dried scallop powder.
Further, in the step S1, the aquatic weeds are oocystis borgei, mosses and watermifoil, and the planting area ratio is (2-8): (3-5): (1-4).
Further, in the step S4, the water change amount in the first stage is 20-40% of the original pool water amount.
Further, the second stage feeding density in the step S4 is 1200-1500 tails/m3。
Further, the feeding density of the third stage in the step S4 is 800-1000 tails/m3。
Further, the artificial compound feed additive I in the step S4 comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 7 parts of water caltrop powder, 9 parts of anemone longissima, 10 parts of abelmoschus manihot and 8 parts of plantain.
Further, the artificial compound feed additive II in the step S4 comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 2 parts of sedge, 4 parts of creeping oxalis, 4 parts of earthworm powder and 5 parts of perilla seed powder.
Further, the artificial compound feed additive III in the step S4 comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 5 parts of cowberry, 6 parts of caulis polygoni multiflori, 5 parts of radix puerariae powder and 7 parts of scallop powder.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the invention is provided with three cement ponds for cultivation, water quality management is respectively carried out on the cement ponds, chestnut calcium soil, coral sand, red soil, yellow brown soil and chestnut calcium soil in a certain proportion are shoveled into the cement ponds, a circulating ecological cultivation system can be reached through cultivation of bottom mud and aquatic weeds and growth of beneficial microorganisms, the standard of purifying the water quality of the cultivation ponds is reached, the oxygen content is kept, the self-water purification effect of the cultivation ponds is good under the action of the bottom mud, the aquatic weeds and the microorganisms, and cultivation of seedling is facilitated;
(2) in addition, the fry breeding is divided into three stages for breeding, different artificial mixed feed additives are fed in each stage, the proportion of the artificial mixed feed additives is strictly controlled, scientific matching is achieved, the absorption of the fry is mutually promoted, the immunity of the fish body can be enhanced, the growth rule of the fry is combined, the wild life mode is simulated, water flow stimulation is carried out, and the quality of the fish body is enhanced.
Detailed Description
In order to better understand the technical content of the invention, specific examples are provided below to further illustrate the invention.
The experimental methods used in the examples of the present invention are all conventional methods unless otherwise specified.
The materials, reagents and the like used in the examples of the present invention can be obtained commercially without specific description.
Example 1
An indoor cement pond artificial breeding method of epinephelus fuscoguttatus comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
s1, cement pool treatment: setting three cement ponds 1, 2 and 3, cleaning the peripheries of the cement ponds, insolating for 2 days, shoveling chestnut calcium soil and coral sand with a weight ratio of 7:1 into the pond 1 to cover the bottom of the cement pond, compacting to obtain a height of 5cm, shoveling red soil, yellow brown soil and chestnut calcium soil with a weight ratio of 2:1:0.6 into the pond 2 and the pond 3, covering soil on the bottom of the cement pond, compacting to obtain a height of 7cm, cultivating aquatic plants with an area of 20% of the total area of the pond, setting the bottom of the pond to be an inclined plane inclined towards the water outlet direction, wherein the inclination is 10 degrees, the aquatic plants are Paecilomyces pogonis, Moss and Fox-tail algae with a planting area ratio of 2: 3: 1;
s2, water quality treatment: the water injection amount is 70% of the height of the pond, the salinity is 22, the pH value is 7.6, the dissolved oxygen is 4mg/L, the water temperature is 25 ℃, the transparency is 70cm, and the nitrite content is 0.024 mg/L;
s3, stocking management: selecting offspring seeds with the body length specification of 1.7-2.0 mm according to the ratio of 2000 tails/m2Putting the mixture into a No. 1 pool;
s4, seedling management:
the first stage is as follows: breeding the larvae and the juvenile fishes, feeding biological baits and artificial matching additives I for 1 time each morning, feeding the larvae of the small rotifers and copepods every 1 day with the bait density of 300 pieces/L, feeding 10 percent of adults of the small copepods every 11 days with the bait density of 150 pieces/L, and feeding the adults of the large copepods and cladocerans with the bait density of 150 pieces/L after 21 days; the artificial compound feed additive I comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: feeding water caltrop powder 6 parts, sea anemone longissima 7 parts, Abelmoschus manihot 8 parts, and herba plantaginis 5 parts 3 times a day, wherein the feeding amount is 2% of fry weight, changing water every 8 days, performing water flow stimulation, and controlling water flow rate to be 0.8m3H, 2h per day;
and a second stage: fish fry>Culturing in separate pools after 26mm, putting into No. 2 cement pool, and putting into the cement pool with the density of 1200 tails/m3Feeding the crushed shrimp meat and an artificial compound feed additive II, wherein the artificial compound feed additive II comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 1 part of sedge, 3 parts of creeping oxalis, 2 parts of earthworm powder and 3 parts of perilla seed powder; feeding for 2 times a day, wherein the feeding amount is 3% of the weight of the fry, performing water flow stimulation, and controlling the water flow rate to be 1.2m31 time per day, 2 hours each time;
and a third stage: fish fry>After 8cm, the mixture is divided into No. 3 cement pools for cultivation, and the density of the mixture is 800 tails/m3And feeding an artificial mixed feed additive III, wherein the artificial mixed feed additive III comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 2 parts of cowberry, 4 parts of caulis polygoni multiflori, 3 parts of radix puerariae powder and 5 parts of scallop powder, feeding for 1 time a day, wherein the feeding amount is 2 percent of the weight of the fry, performing water flow stimulation, and controlling the water flow rate to be 2m31 time per day, 2 hours each time.
Example 2
An indoor cement pond artificial breeding method of epinephelus fuscoguttatus comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
s1, cement pool treatment: setting three cement ponds 1, 2 and 3, cleaning the peripheries of the cement ponds, insolating for 6 days, shoveling chestnut calcium soil and coral sand with a weight ratio of 9:3 into the pond 1 to cover the bottom of the cement pond, compacting the chestnut calcium soil and the coral sand to a height of 10cm, shoveling red soil, yellow brown soil and chestnut calcium soil with a weight ratio of 5:4:3 into the pond 2 and the pond 3, covering soil on the bottom of the cement pond, compacting the chestnut calcium soil and the coral sand to a height of 15cm, cultivating aquatic weeds with an area of 40% of the total area of the pond, setting the bottom of the pond to be an inclined plane inclined towards the direction of the water outlet, wherein the inclination is 25%, the aquatic weeds are Paecilomyces pogonis, Moss and watery algae, and the planting area ratio is 8: 5: 4;
s2, water quality treatment: the water injection amount is 80 percent of the height of the pond, the salinity is 36, the pH value is 8.0, the dissolved oxygen is 8mg/L, the water temperature is 28 ℃, the transparency is 90cm, and the nitrite content is 0.096 mg/L;
s3, stocking management: selecting offspring seeds with the body length specification of 1.7-2.0 mm according to the ratio of 2500 tails/m2Putting the mixture into a No. 1 pool;
s4, seedling management:
the first stage is as follows: breeding the larvae and the juvenile fishes, feeding biological baits and artificial matching additives I for 1 time each morning, feeding the larvae of the small rotifers and copepods every 10 days with the bait density of 350 pieces/L, feeding 25 percent of adults of the small copepods every 20 days with the bait density of 200 pieces/L, and feeding the adults of the large copepods and cladocerans with the bait density of 200 pieces/L after 21 days; the artificial compound feed additive I comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: feeding water caltrop powder 8 parts, sea anemone longissima 10 parts, Abelmoschus manihot 12 parts and herba plantaginis 11 parts 5 times a day, wherein the feeding amount is 5% of the weight of the fry, changing water every 12 days, stimulating water flow, and controlling the water flow rate to be 1.5m3H, 4h per day;
and a second stage: fish fry>Culturing in separate pools after 26mm, putting into No. 2 cement pool, and putting into density 1500 tails/m3Feeding an artificial mixed feed additive II, wherein the artificial mixed feed additive II comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 3 parts of sedge, 5 parts of creeping oxalis, 6 parts of earthworm powder and 7 parts of perilla seed powder; feeding 3 times a day, wherein the feeding amount in the morning is 5% of the weight of the fry, the feeding amount in the noon and evening is 3% of the weight of the fry, performing water flow stimulation, and controlling the water flow rate to be 2.8m3The dosage is 3 times a day and 4 hours each time;
and a third stage: fish fry>After 8cm, the mixture is divided into No. 3 cement pools for cultivation, and the feeding density is 1000 tails/m3Feeding the crushed shrimp meat and artificialThe artificial compound feed additive III comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: feeding cowberry fruit 7 parts, caulis Polygoni Multiflori 9 parts, radix Puerariae powder 8 parts, and scallop powder 9 parts for 2 times a day, wherein the feeding amount is 4% of fry weight, performing water flow stimulation, and controlling water flow rate to be 3.5m3Per hour, 3 times daily for 4 hours each time.
Example 3
An indoor cement pond artificial breeding method of epinephelus fuscoguttatus comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
s1, cement pool treatment: setting three cement ponds 1, 2 and 3, cleaning the peripheries of the cement ponds, insolating for 4 days, shoveling chestnut calcium soil and coral sand with a weight ratio of 8:2 into the pond 1 to cover the bottom of the cement pond, compacting to obtain a height of 8cm, shoveling red soil, yellow brown soil and chestnut calcium soil with a weight ratio of 4:3:2 into the pond 2 and the pond 3, covering soil on the bottom of the cement pond, compacting to obtain a height of 11cm, cultivating aquatic plants with an area of 30% of the total area of the pond, setting the bottom of the pond to be an inclined plane inclined towards the direction of the water outlet, wherein the inclination is 15 degrees, the aquatic plants are Pachyrhizus ovatus, Moss and Vulva, and the planting area ratio is 6: 4: 3;
s2, water quality treatment: the water injection amount is 75 percent of the height of the pond, the salinity is 30, the pH value is 7.8, the dissolved oxygen is 6mg/L, the water temperature is 27 ℃, the transparency is 80cm, and the nitrite content is 0.046 mg/L;
s3, stocking management: selecting offspring seeds with the body length specification of 1.7-2.0 mm, and pressing according to 2300 tails/m2Putting the mixture into a No. 1 pool;
s4, seedling management:
the first stage is as follows: breeding larvae and juvenile fishes, feeding biological baits and an artificial matching additive I for 1 time each morning, feeding small rotifers and copepods larvae on the 5 th day with the bait density of 320 pieces/L, feeding 20% small copepods adults on the 15 th day by day, feeding the small rotifers and copepods adults with the bait density of 180 pieces/L, and feeding large copepods and cladocerans on the 21 st day after the bait density of 180 pieces/L, wherein the artificial matching feed additive I comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: feeding water caltrop powder 7 parts, sea anemone 9 parts, Abelmoschus manihot 10 parts and herba plantaginis 8 parts 4 times a day, wherein the feeding amount is 3% of the weight of the fry, changing water every 10 days, and wateringFlow stimulation, controlling the water flow rate to be 1.3m3H, 3h each day;
and a second stage: fish fry>Culturing in separate pools after 26mm, putting into No. 2 cement pool, and putting into density of 1300 tails/m3Feeding the crushed shrimp meat and an artificial compound feed additive II, wherein the artificial compound feed additive II comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 2 parts of sedge, 4 parts of creeping oxalis, 4 parts of earthworm powder and 5 parts of perilla seed powder; feeding for 2 times a day, wherein the feeding amount is 4% of the weight of the fry, the feeding amount is 2% of the weight of the fry in the evening, performing water flow stimulation, and controlling the water flow rate to be 1.9m32 times a day, 3 hours each time;
and a third stage: fish fry>After 8cm, the mixture is divided into No. 3 cement pools for cultivation, and the density of the mixture is 900 tails/m3And feeding an artificial mixed feed additive III, wherein the artificial mixed feed additive III comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 5 parts of cowberry, 6 parts of caulis polygoni multiflori, 5 parts of radix puerariae powder and 7 parts of scallop powder, feeding for 1 time a day, wherein the feeding amount is 3 percent of the weight of the fry, performing water flow stimulation, and controlling the water flow rate to be 2.8m32 times a day for 3 hours each time.
Example 4
An indoor cement pond artificial breeding method of epinephelus fuscoguttatus comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
s1, cement pool treatment: setting three cement ponds 1, 2 and 3, cleaning the peripheries of the cement ponds, insolating for 2 days, shoveling chestnut calcium soil and coral sand with a weight ratio of 7:1 into the pond 1 to cover the bottom of the cement pond, compacting to obtain a height of 5cm, shoveling red soil, yellow brown soil and chestnut calcium soil with a weight ratio of 2:1:0.6 into the pond 2 and the pond 3, covering soil on the bottom of the cement pond, compacting to obtain a height of 7cm, cultivating aquatic plants with an area of 20% of the total area of the pond, setting the bottom of the pond to be an inclined plane inclined towards the water outlet direction, wherein the inclination is 10 degrees, the aquatic plants are Paecilomyces pogonis, Moss and Fox-tail algae with a planting area ratio of 2: 3: 1;
s2, water quality treatment: the water injection amount is 70% of the height of the pond, the salinity is 22, the pH value is 7.6, the dissolved oxygen is 4mg/L, the water temperature is 25 ℃, the transparency is 70cm, and the nitrite content is 0.024 mg/L;
s3, stocking management: selecting seedlings with the body length specification of 1.7-2.0 mmSeed at 2000 tail/m2Putting the mixture into a No. 1 pool;
s4, seedling management:
the first stage is as follows: breeding the larvae and the juvenile fishes, feeding biological baits and artificial matching additives I for 1 time each morning, feeding the larvae of the small rotifers and copepods every 1 day with the bait density of 300 pieces/L, feeding 10 percent of adults of the small copepods every 11 days with the bait density of 150 pieces/L, and feeding the adults of the large copepods and cladocerans with the bait density of 150 pieces/L after 21 days; the artificial compound feed additive I comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: feeding water caltrop powder 7 parts, sea anemone 9 parts, Abelmoschus manihot 10 parts, and herba plantaginis 8 parts 3 times a day, wherein the feeding amount is 2% of fry weight, changing water every 8 days, performing water flow stimulation, and controlling water flow rate to 0.8m3H, 2h per day;
and a second stage: fish fry>Culturing in separate pools after 26mm, putting into No. 2 cement pool, and putting into the cement pool with the density of 1200 tails/m3Feeding the crushed shrimp meat and an artificial compound feed additive II, wherein the artificial compound feed additive II comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 2 parts of sedge, 4 parts of creeping oxalis, 4 parts of earthworm powder and 5 parts of perilla seed powder are fed for 2 times a day, the feeding quantity is 3% of weight of fish fry, and the water flow stimulation is carried out, and the water flow speed is controlled to be 1.2m31 time per day, 2 hours each time;
and a third stage: fish fry>After 8cm, the mixture is divided into No. 3 cement pools for cultivation, and the density of the mixture is 800 tails/m3And feeding an artificial mixed feed additive III, wherein the artificial mixed feed additive III comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 5 parts of cowberry, 6 parts of caulis polygoni multiflori, 5 parts of radix puerariae powder and 7 parts of scallop powder, feeding for 1 time a day, wherein the feeding amount is 2 percent of the weight of the fry, performing water flow stimulation, and controlling the water flow rate to be 2m31 time per day, 2 hours each time.
Example 5
An indoor cement pond artificial breeding method of epinephelus fuscoguttatus comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
s1, cement pool treatment: setting three cement ponds 1, 2 and 3, cleaning the peripheries of the cement ponds, insolating for 6 days, shoveling chestnut calcium soil and coral sand with a weight ratio of 9:3 into the pond 1 to cover the bottom of the cement pond, compacting the chestnut calcium soil and the coral sand to a height of 10cm, shoveling red soil, yellow brown soil and chestnut calcium soil with a weight ratio of 5:4:3 into the pond 2 and the pond 3, covering soil on the bottom of the cement pond, compacting the chestnut calcium soil and the coral sand to a height of 15cm, cultivating aquatic weeds with an area of 40% of the total area of the pond, setting the bottom of the pond to be an inclined plane inclined towards the direction of the water outlet, wherein the inclination is 25%, the aquatic weeds are Paecilomyces pogonis, Moss and watery algae, and the planting area ratio is 8: 5: 4;
s2, water quality treatment: the water injection amount is 80 percent of the height of the pond, the salinity is 36, the pH value is 8.0, the dissolved oxygen is 8mg/L, the water temperature is 28 ℃, the transparency is 90cm, and the nitrite content is 0.096 mg/L;
s3, stocking management: selecting offspring seeds with the body length specification of 1.7-2.0 mm according to the ratio of 2500 tails/m2Putting the mixture into a No. 1 pool;
s4, seedling management:
the first stage is as follows: breeding the larvae and the juvenile fishes, feeding biological baits and artificial matching additives I for 1 time each morning, feeding the larvae of the small rotifers and copepods every 10 days with the bait density of 350 pieces/L, feeding 25 percent of adults of the small copepods every 20 days with the bait density of 200 pieces/L, and feeding the adults of the large copepods and cladocerans with the bait density of 200 pieces/L after 21 days; the artificial compound feed additive I comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: feeding water caltrop powder 7 parts, sea anemone 9 parts, Abelmoschus manihot 10 parts and herba plantaginis 8 parts 5 times a day, wherein the feeding amount is 5% of the weight of the fry, changing water every 12 days, stimulating water flow, and controlling the water flow rate to be 1.5m3H, 4h per day;
and a second stage: fish fry>Culturing in separate pools after 26mm, putting into No. 2 cement pool, and putting into density 1500 tails/m3Feeding an artificial mixed feed additive II, wherein the artificial mixed feed additive II comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 2 parts of sedge, 4 parts of creeping oxalis, 4 parts of earthworm powder and 5 parts of perilla seed powder; feeding 3 times a day, wherein the feeding amount in the morning is 5% of the weight of the fry, the feeding amount in the noon and evening is 3% of the weight of the fry, performing water flow stimulation, and controlling the water flow rate to be 2.8m3The dosage is 3 times a day and 4 hours each time;
and a third stage: fish fry>After 8cm, the mixture is divided into No. 3 cement pools for cultivation, and the feeding density is 1000 tails/m3Feeding the crushed shrimp meat and an artificial mixed feed additive III, wherein the artificial mixed feed additive III comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 5 parts of cowberry, 6 parts of caulis polygoni multiflori, 5 parts of radix puerariae powder and 7 parts of scallop powder, feeding for 2 times a day, wherein the feeding amount is 4 percent of the weight of the fry, performing water flow stimulation, and controlling the water flow rate to be 3.5m3Per hour, 3 times daily for 4 hours each time.
Example 6
This example differs from example 3 in that: an indoor cement pond artificial breeding method of epinephelus niger is characterized in that: in the step S1, the aquatic weeds are oocystis borgei, mosses and watermifoil, and the planting area ratio is 1: 2: 5.
example 7
This example differs from example 3 in that: and in the step S4, the water change amount in the first stage is 60 percent of the original pool water amount.
Comparative example 1
This comparative example differs from example 3 in that: the soil in the cement pond bottom is red soil, yellow brown soil and chestnut calcium soil with the weight ratio of 1:1: 0.5.
Comparative example 2
This comparative example differs from example 3 in that: the red and red soil, yellow and brown soil and chestnut calcium soil are not added into the cement pond bottom.
Comparative example 3
This comparative example differs from example 3 in that: no aquatic weeds are planted in the bottom of the cement pond.
Comparative example 4
This comparative example differs from example 3 in that: the artificial compound feed additive I comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 5 parts of water caltrop powder, 5 parts of anemone longissima, 6 parts of abelmoschus manihot and 4 parts of plantain.
Comparative example 5
This comparative example differs from example 3 in that: the artificial compound feed additive II comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 1 part of sedge, 2 parts of creeping oxalis, 1 part of earthworm powder and 2 parts of perilla seed powder.
Comparative example 6
This comparative example differs from example 3 in that: the artificial compound feed additive III comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 1 part of cowberry, 3 parts of caulis polygoni multiflori, 2 parts of radix puerariae powder and 3 parts of scallop powder.
Comparative example 7
This comparative example differs from example 3 in that: the cultivation was carried out under the first stage cultivation conditions without the split cultivation.
First, seedling raising and fruiting
The conditions after 40 days of seedling culture of the examples 1 to 7 and the comparative examples 1 to 6 are as follows:
| average fry survival rate (%) | Average fry length (cm) | |
| Example 1 | 93.2 | 15 |
| Example 2 | 95.5 | 16 |
| Example 3 | 96.3 | 17 |
| Example 4 | 94.6 | 15 |
| Example 5 | 93.5 | 13 |
| Example 6 | 94.4 | 14 |
| Example 7 | 94.8 | 11 |
| Comparative example 1 | 72.7 | 8 |
| Comparative example 2 | 74.9 | 9 |
| Comparative example 3 | 75.3 | 8 |
| Comparative example 4 | 76.5 | 10 |
| Comparative example 5 | 78.9 | 8 |
| Comparative example 6 | 77.8 | 9 |
| Comparative example 7 | 79.1 | 8 |
As can be seen from the above table, in examples 1 to 5, indoor artificial breeding of groupers, reasonable treatment of a cement pond, adjustment of parameters of water quality treatment, breeding management in three periods by pond, scientific preparation of artificial compound feed additives and water flow treatment in each period; in embodiments 3-7, the treatment and water quality management of the cement pond have certain influence on the growth condition of grouper fries; comparative examples 1-3 show that earth and pasture and water used at the bottom of the cement pond can improve the culture environment of the cement pond, the fish body quality is enhanced, the survival rate of the fries is increased, and comparative examples 4-7 show that the energy required by the fries for growth in each period is different, different artificial formula feed additives are fed, the fry culture is facilitated, the pond-separated culture avoids mutual cannibalism caused by co-culture of big and small fishes, the simultaneous assembly line culture can be realized, and the culture efficiency is increased.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (7)
1. An indoor cement pond artificial breeding method of epinephelus niger is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
s1, cement pool treatment: arranging three cement ponds 1, 2 and 3, cleaning the peripheries of the cement ponds, insolating for 2-6 days, shoveling chestnut calcium soil and coral sand with the weight ratio of 7-9: 1-3 into the pond 1 to cover the bottom of the cement pond, compacting to obtain a height of 5-10 cm, shoveling red soil, yellow brown soil and chestnut calcium soil with the weight ratio of 2-5: 1-4: 0.6-3 into the pond 2 and 3 to cover the bottom of the cement pond, compacting to obtain a height of 7-15 cm, and then cultivating aquatic plants, wherein the aquatic plant cultivation area is 20-40% of the total area of the pond, the bottom of the pond is provided with an inclined plane inclined towards the water outlet, and the inclination is 10-25 degrees;
s2, water quality treatment: the water injection amount is that the height of the pond is 0.9-1.2 m, the salinity is 22-36, the pH value is 7.6-8.0, the dissolved oxygen is 4-8 mg/L, the water temperature is 25-28 ℃, the transparency is 70-90 cm, and the nitrite content is 0.024-0.096 mg/L;
s3, stocking management: selecting offspring seeds with the body length specification of 1.7-2.0 mm according to the ratio of 2000-2500 tails/m2Putting the mixture into a No. 1 pool;
s4, seedling management:
the first stage is as follows: breeding the larvae and the young fishes, feeding the larvae and the young fishes with the artificial compound feed additive I for 3-5 times a day, wherein the feeding amount is 2-5% of the weight of the fry, changing water every 8-12 days, the water changing amount is 20-40% of the water amount of the original pond, performing water flow stimulation, and controlling the water flow speed to be 0.8-1.5 m3The feed artificial compound additive I comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 6-8 parts of water chestnut powder, 7-10 parts of anemone longissima, 8-12 parts of abelmoschus manihot and 5-11 parts of plantain;
and a second stage: fish fry>Culturing in separate ponds after 26mm, putting into a No. 2 cement pond for culturing, feeding with an artificial mixed feed additive II for 2-4 times a day, wherein the feeding amount is 3-5% of the weight of the fry in the morning, and the feeding amount is 1-3% of the weight of the fry in the evening, performing water flow stimulation, and controlling the water flow rate to be 1.2-2.8 m3The artificial compound feed additive II comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 1-3 parts of sedge, 3-5 parts of creeping oxalis, 2-6 parts of earthworm powder and 3-7 parts of perilla seed powder;
and a third stage: fish fry>After 8cm, the fish fries are cultured in a No. 3 cement pond, and fed with an artificial mixed feed additive III for 1-2 times a day, wherein the feeding amount is 2-4% of the weight of the fish fries, water flow stimulation is carried out, and the water flow speed is controlled to be 2-3.5 m3The artificial compound feed additive III is used for 1-3 times per day, and 2-4 hours each time, and comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 2-7 parts of cowberry, 4-9 parts of caulis polygoni multiflori, 3-8 parts of radix puerariae powder and 5-9 parts of dried scallop powder.
2. The method for artificially culturing the seedlings of the epinephelus malabaricus in the indoor cement pond as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step S1, the aquatic weeds are oocystis borgei, mosses and watermifoil, and the planting area ratio is (2-8): (3-5): (1-4).
3. As in claimThe indoor cement pond artificial breeding method of the epinephelus malabaricus, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: the second stage feeding density in the step S4 is 1200-1500 tails/m3。
4. The method for artificially culturing the seedlings of the epinephelus malabaricus in the indoor cement pond as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the feeding density of the third stage in the step S4 is 800-1000 tails/m3。
5. The method for artificially culturing the seedlings of the epinephelus malabaricus in the indoor cement pond as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the artificial compound feed additive I in the step S4 comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 7 parts of water caltrop powder, 9 parts of anemone longissima, 10 parts of abelmoschus manihot and 8 parts of plantain.
6. The method for artificially culturing the seedlings of the epinephelus malabaricus in the indoor cement pond as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the artificial compound feed additive II in the step S4 comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 2 parts of sedge, 4 parts of creeping oxalis, 4 parts of earthworm powder and 5 parts of perilla seed powder.
7. The method for artificially culturing the seedlings of the epinephelus malabaricus in the indoor cement pond as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the artificial compound feed additive III in the step S4 comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 5 parts of cowberry, 6 parts of caulis polygoni multiflori, 5 parts of radix puerariae powder and 7 parts of scallop powder.
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Denomination of invention: An indoor cement pond artificial breeding method for black spotted grouper Granted publication date: 20220218 Pledgee: China Construction Bank Corporation Sanya Branch Pledgor: HAINAN CHENHAI AQUATIC Co.,Ltd. Registration number: Y2024980006088 |
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