CN101790966A - Method for comprehensively regulating and controlling verasper moseri gonad maturity and ovulation by using temperature, illumination and nutrition - Google Patents
Method for comprehensively regulating and controlling verasper moseri gonad maturity and ovulation by using temperature, illumination and nutrition Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for comprehensively regulating and controlling verasper moseri gonad maturity and ovulation by using temperature, illumination and nutrition. The method comprises the following steps: regulating and controlling synchronous development of parent fish gonads by using temperature and illumination in 2 to 3 mouths before a breeding season begins; adding additives such as lecithin and the like into baits to promote nutrition absorption of parent fish when the parent fish gonad development is started; and increasing fed clam worms every day to promote final maturity and quality promotion of oocytes after the parent fish gonads are developed to a III period. The ovulating parent fish rate under the regulation and control of the method is up to 85 percent, and the spawning effect is good. The method can be used for scale production of offspring seeds; and by using the method, mass good-quality germ cells can be obtained, and smooth operation of offspring seed breeding can be ensured.
Description
Technical field:
The invention belongs to the verasper moseri genital regulating technology of laying eggs, is a kind of Artificial Control illumination, water temperature, and utilizes the fortification measure to promote the method for veraspei moseri gonad maturity and ovulation.
Background technology:
Verasper moseri (Verasper moseri) is the large-scale flounder class of dwelling at the bottom of the cold water, mainly is distributed in pacific rim and if the sea of Japan bank to the north of the narrow gulf to the north of the Ibaraki, Japan.China's Huanghai Sea and the Bohai Sea also had distribution in the past, did not see fishery harvesting now for many years.Verasper moseri is under suitable cultivating condition, through 1 year form, body weight can reach more than the 900 gram/tails, fast growth, low temperature resistant, high-output stress-resistance, the survival rate height, bait conversion ratio height, aquaculture cost is low, and the disease incidence is low, be a kind of good cultured fishes, can extensively culture in the northern area of China.2007, the verasper moseri artificial breeding technology obtained to break through, for the industrialization development that this famous-brand and high-quality fingerling is cultured is had laid a good foundation.
The breeding of verasper moseri mainly contains natural spawning technology and the artificial induction technology of laying eggs.Adopt the water temperature stimulus method can obtain the natural spawning (Institute of Oceanology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences of verasper moseri, Xiao Zhizhong etc., 2007), problems such as the quantity that but the parent population quantity that has natural spawning is few, the egg-laying period short, the induced spawning complicated condition obtains fertilized egg is few, collection fertilized egg difficulty still can not be used in scale seed production process in penetration and promotion; Adopt the hormone induction method can obtain fertilized egg equally, but use hormone induction to obtain the technology instability of high quality fertilized egg of scophthatmus merely, exist the parent population sexual gland different equally to the hormone effect time, the problem that each batch ovum fertilization rate and incubation rate differ greatly can not satisfy the production needs of mass seed.Usually under artificial temperature light control condition, the parent population gonad maturity and ovulation, but egg mother cell is usually because of the shortage of nutriment can not reach final maturation, and perhaps quality is low, influences the acquisition of high quality fertilized egg of scophthatmus.Fortification is to grow the desired nutritional material at the parent population egg mother cell to carry out special nutriment regulation and control, can promote the parent population egg mother cell to reach maturity, and improves ovum quality greatly.Therefore, utilizing temperature, illumination and nutrition comprehensive regulation verasper moseri sexual gland finally to reach maturity and ovulation smoothly, is the stable important leverage of obtaining high quality fertilized egg of scophthatmus.Had not yet to see report.
Summary of the invention:
Purpose of the present invention: a kind of temperature, illumination and fortification comprehensive regulation verasper moseri gonad maturity and ovulation by using technical method are provided.
The present invention realizes by following technical scheme: main contents comprise that parent population is preferred, cultivation and feed are fed, and water temperature and illumination regulation and control parent population grow, and fortification promotes gonad maturity and ovulation three aspects:
One, the preferred and cultivation of parent population:
1, parent population is preferred:
Select form, normal, individual big, the healthy above female parent population in 3 ages of hindering that do not have of body colour, total length reaches 40-65 centimetre, body weight 1300-3500 gram; Milter reached more than 2 ages, and total length 29-45 centimetre, body weight reaches the 600-1500 gram.
2, parent fish rearing and feed are fed:
Parent population places special-purpose temperature light regulation and control to cultivate pond (30m
2) in carry out reinforced cultivating, the property that parent population goes into the pond is than being ♀: ♂=1: 1~1.5, stocking density 3~5kg/m
2Cultivate 6~18 ℃ of water temperatures, continuous charge, flowing water are cultivated, rate of water exchange 400-600%, and water is changed in regularly clear pond.Condition of water quality: dissolved oxygen>6.0mg/L, PH 7.6-8.2, salinity 29-33.The bait of parent population is based on little yellow croaker, assorted shrimp.Day throws something and feeds 2 times, and a day feeding volume is the 2%-3% of fish body body weight, in time removes residual bait, blowdown.
Two, water temperature, illumination regulation and control
1, water temperature regulate and control:
Before temperature, illumination regulation and control, the cultivation water temperature of verasper moseri is controlled at 14-15 ℃, natural lighting, intensity of illumination is about 100Lux; 2-3 is individual month before arriving breeding period, begins to regulate and control water temperature, when natural temperature is reduced to 12 ℃, and the beginning temperature control.Temperature control method: per 5 days water temperatures slowly reduce by 1 ℃, remain unchanged after reducing to 6 ℃ and stop 10-15 days.Water temperature is from 6 ℃ of bottom outs then, and water temperature slowly raise 1 ℃ in per 5 days, remains unchanged routine observation parent population gonad development situation after appreciating to 9 ℃.Water temperature is mixed adjusting control by underground well water and nature seawater, day rate of water exchange 400%-500%.The variation of 12 monitorings every day water temperature, accuracy controlling variations in temperature every day is in ± 0.2 ℃ of scope.
2, the regulation and control of illumination:
In the temperature adjusting process, when reducing to 6 ℃, water temperature begins to carry out the illumination regulation and control.The parent fish rearing pond is hidden fully with the light tight tarpaulin of black, highly locate for 1 meter to hang incandescent lamp at the cultivation pond water surface, the adjusting intensity of illumination is 260-300Lux.The control light application time is 10 hours when water temperature is 6 ℃, increases light application time 1 hour in later per 5 days, reaches 16 hours and remains unchanged until light application time, accurately manages the light application time of every day with timer.
Three, fortification regulation and control parent population gonad maturity and ovulation
After the parent population gonad development begins to start, in bait, add additives (the per kilogram forage fiss adds according to 3g lecithin) such as lecithin, carry out fortification.The making of additive and adding method: with B B-complex: lecithin: powder feed: fish oil=1: 1: 6: 6 ratio is mixed to make sticking pasty state, be divided into the granular of soya bean size, throw something and feed after inserting the forage fiss oral area with the tweezers gripping, promote the parent population sexual gland further ripe.To the III after date, add the clam worm of throwing something and feeding at the parent population gonad development every day, clam worm is thrown something and fed once every day, throws something and feeds according to 2% of body weight at every turn, strengthens the absorption of parent population phosphatide, livetin, DHA and EPA nutriment.After treating parent population sexual gland full maturity, manual compression parent population belly obtains ripe ovum, and the ovum artificial collection fertilization obtains fertilized egg.
The present invention and prior art contrast its characteristics:
The present invention fully utilizes water temperature, illumination, the ovulation of veraspei moseri gonadal maturation is induced in fortification measure regulation and control, is a kind of complete set technology of continuous whole.Parent population is after nutrition is strengthened, and ovum can reach last maturation and ovulation, and the ovum quality height that ovum artificial collection obtains obtains high quality fertilized egg of scophthatmus in enormous quantities with ovum artificial collection fertilization technology, can guarantee carrying out smoothly of seed large-scale production.
The present invention adopts temperature (cooling-heat up again), illumination control method (prolonging light application time gradually) according to the physiological ecological rule of verasper moseri gonad development, and regulation and control parent population sexual gland was grown synchronously to the fourth phase, and the parent population ratio of gonadal maturation is up to 75%.
The special fortification measure that the present invention adopts comprises the use of additive and clam worm.The additive main component is a lecithin, clam worm is the source of high protein and high unsaturated fatty acid (DHA and EPA), these nutriments can fully promote egg mother cell to grow obtaining of required livetin and other nutriment, effectively promote the final maturation of parent population egg mother cell and promote ovum quality.
Description of drawings:
Egg laying amount in the verasper moseri egg-laying period is comprehensively induced in Fig. 1: Wen Guang, nutrition.
Come-up ovum rate in the verasper moseri egg-laying period is comprehensively induced in Fig. 2: Wen Guang, nutrition.
Fertilization rate in the verasper moseri egg-laying period is comprehensively induced in Fig. 3: Wen Guang, nutrition.
Incubation rate in the verasper moseri egg-laying period is comprehensively induced in Fig. 4: Wen Guang, nutrition.
Embodiment:
Narrate technology contents of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings below by specific embodiment.
In order to obtain the verasper moseri high quality fertilized egg of scophthatmus, in the base, Laizhou, take temperature, illumination and the measure of nutrition comprehensive regulation in 2007-2008, induce the veraspei moseri gonadal maturation, the ovum artificial collection fertilization obtains high quality fertilized egg of scophthatmus in batches, and specific implementation process is as follows:
Experimental technique:
Experimental technique mainly comprises parent population preferably and cultivate, and water temperature and illumination regulation and control parent population grow, and fortification promotes parts such as parent population mature ovulation.
1. parent population is selected and cultivates:
Verasper moseri above parent population 680 tails in 3 ages are selected in experiment for use, and (370 ♀: 310 ♂), raun average weight 2408 restrains, milter average weight 839 grams.The parent population bodily form, body colour are normal, healthy not damaged.Parent population is put into rectangle and smears angle cultivation pond (30m
2, 1.5 meters of the depth of waters) cultivate.Cultivating water is the sand filtration nature seawater, and condition of water quality is: DO>6.0mg/L, pH=7.6-8.2, salinity 29-33.
The fodder and bait of parent population is to ice bright little yellow croaker and assorted shrimp.Day throws something and feeds 2 times, day feeding volume is the 2%-3% of fish body body weight, adds lecithin additives such as (every kg bait add according to 1.5%) in the bait before mating season, and keeps higher rate of water exchange (300-500%), promote the growth of parent population sexual gland, keep the identical rate of throwing something and feeding whole mating season.In time remove residual bait, blowdown in the process of throwing something and feeding.
2. water temperature, illumination regulation measure:
Before temperature, illumination regulation and control, the cultivation water temperature of verasper moseri is controlled at 14-15 ℃, natural lighting, intensity of illumination is about 100Lux; 2-3 is individual month before arriving breeding period, begins to regulate and control water temperature, when natural temperature is reduced to 12 ℃, and the beginning temperature control.Temperature control method: per 5 days water temperatures slowly reduce by 1 ℃, remain unchanged after reducing to 6 ℃ and stop 10-15 days.Water temperature is from 6 ℃ of bottom outs then, and water temperature slowly raise 1 ℃ in per 5 days, remained unchanged routine observation parent population gonad development situation after rising to 9 ℃.Water temperature is mixed adjusting control by underground well water and nature seawater, day rate of water exchange 400%-500%.The variation of 12 monitorings every day water temperature, accuracy controlling variations in temperature every day is in ± 0.2 ℃ of scope.
In the temperature adjusting process, when reducing to 6 ℃, water temperature begins to carry out the illumination regulation and control.The parent fish rearing pond hides fully with the light tight tarpaulin of black, highly locates for 1 meter to hang incandescent lamp at the cultivation pond water surface, and the adjusting intensity of illumination is 260-300Lux.The control light application time is 10 hours when water temperature is 6 ℃, increases light application time 1 hour in later per 5 days, reaches 16 hours and remains unchanged until light application time, accurately manages the light application time of every day with timer.
3. fortification promotes final ripe and ovulation
After the parent population gonad development started, additives (the per kilogram forage fiss adds according to 3g lecithin) such as lecithin were added in beginning in bait.The making of additive and adding method: with B B-complex: lecithin: powder feed: fish oil=1: 1: 6: the mixed pasty state that makes of 6 ratio, be divided into the granular of soya bean size, throw something and feed after putting into the bait lymphogranuloma inguinale with the tweezers gripping.Reach the III after date at the parent population gonad development, increase the clam worm of throwing something and feeding every day, threw something and fed once in one day, throws something and feeds according to 2% of body weight at every turn, strengthens the absorption of the nutriments such as albumen, DHA and EPA of parent population.Observe when the parent population sexual gland is soft certain transparency, manual compression parent population belly obtains ripe ovum, and the ovum artificial collection fertilization obtains fertilized egg.
4. fertilized egg is obtained in the ovum artificial collection fertilization
The parent population ovulation back and the imbibition of gonad maturity, sexual gland obviously swells, and in time carries out manually squeezing ovum and gathers ovum.Adopting feritilization of ovum mode is: after with anaesthetic (MS222) parent population slightly being anaesthetized, push along the gonad forward end from the gonad rear end, obtaining ovum places in the vessel of dried and clean, squeeze then and get mature sperm, add seawater with feather or the glass bar back that stirs, leave standstill 10-15min, will sink ovum with after floating ovum separates, the come-up ovum moves into special-purpose hatching facility and hatches.
5. experimental result:
In this experiment, ovum artificial collection behind the parent population gonad maturity, the ovum quality height of acquisition, germinable potentiality are big.Parent population gonadal maturation rate is more than 75%, and the parent population maturing rate that can adopt ovum reaches 85%.This experiment adopt altogether 225 kilograms in ovum, the 151 kilograms of (see figure 1)s of ovum that wherein float, can adopt ovum during reach 78 days, it is many to obtain high quality fertilized egg of scophthatmus quantity, come-up ovum rate 67% (see figure 2), the ovum fertilization rate reaches 71.5% (see figure 3), and incubation rate reaches 47.6% (see figure 4).
2008-2009 repeats method of the present invention, and proving effect can repeat.
Temperature provided by the invention, illumination and the fortification measure comprehensive regulation technology of laying eggs is good to the regulating effect of laying eggs of veraspei moseri, can be used for obtaining high quality fertilized egg of scophthatmus in enormous quantities, ensures carrying out smoothly of scale seed breeding.
Claims (1)
1. a temperature, illumination and nutrition comprehensive regulation verasper moseri gonad maturity and ovulation by using method, the method content that it is characterized in that it comprises that parent population is preferred, cultivation and feed are fed, water temperature and illumination regulation and control parent population grow, fortification regulation and control parent population gonad maturity and ovulation three aspects:
(1), preferred, cultivation of parent population and feed:
A, parent population are preferred:
Select form, normal, individual big, the healthy above female parent population in 3 ages of hindering that do not have of body colour, total length reaches 40-65 centimetre, body weight 1300-3500 gram; Milter reached more than 2 ages, and total length 29-45 centimetre, body weight reaches the 600-1500 gram;
B, parent fish rearing and feedstuff feeding:
Parent population places 30m
2Special-purpose warm light regulation and control are cultivated in the pond and are carried out reinforced cultivating, and the property that parent population goes into the pond is than being ♀: ♂=1: 1~1.5, stocking density 3~5kg/m
2Cultivate 6~18 ℃ of water temperatures, continuous charge, flowing water are cultivated, rate of water exchange 400-600%, and water is changed in regularly clear pond; Condition of water quality: dissolved oxygen>6.0mg/L, PH 7.6-8.2, salinity 29-33; The bait of parent population is based on little yellow croaker, assorted shrimp; Day throws something and feeds 2 times, and a day feeding volume is the 2%-3% of fish body body weight, in time removes residual bait, blowdown;
(2), water temperature, illumination regulation and control:
A, water temperature regulate and control:
Before temperature, illumination regulation and control, the cultivation water temperature of verasper moseri is controlled at 14-15 ℃, natural lighting, intensity of illumination is about 100Lux; Before arriving breeding period 2-3 month, begin to regulate and control water temperature, when natural temperature is reduced to 12 ℃, the beginning temperature control, temperature control method: water temperature slowly reduced by 1 ℃ in per 5 days, remained unchanged after reducing to 6 ℃ and stopped 10-15 days; Water temperature is from 6 ℃ of bottom outs then, and water temperature slowly raise 1 ℃ in per 5 days, remained unchanged routine observation parent population gonad development situation after rising to 9 ℃; Water temperature is mixed adjusting control by underground well water and nature seawater, day rate of water exchange 400%-500%; The variation of 12 monitorings every day water temperature, accuracy controlling variations in temperature every day is in ± 0.2 ℃ of scope;
The regulation and control of B, illumination:
In the temperature adjusting process, when reducing to 6 ℃, water temperature begins to carry out the illumination regulation and control; The parent fish rearing pond is hidden fully with the light tight tarpaulin of black, highly locate for 1 meter to hang incandescent lamp at the cultivation pond water surface, the adjusting intensity of illumination is 260-300Lux; The control light application time is 10 hours when water temperature is 6 ℃, increases light application time 1 hour in later per 5 days, reaches 16 hours and remains unchanged until light application time, accurately manages the light application time of every day with timer;
(3), fortification regulation and control parent population gonad maturity and ovulation:
After the parent population gonad development begins to start, be bait with the iced trash fish, in bait, add lecithin, press per kilogram bait and add 3g lecithin, carry out fortification; The making of additive and adding method: with B B-complex: lecithin: powder feed: fish oil=1: 1: 6: 6 ratio is mixed to make sticking pasty state, is divided into the granular of soya bean size, sneaks in the iced trash fish bait and throws something and feeds, and promotes the parent population gonad development; To the IV after date, increase the clam worm of throwing something and feeding a time every day at the parent population gonad development, and feeding volume is 2% of a body weight, to increase the absorption of the required phosphatide of gonad development, livetin, DHA and EPA nutriment; After treating parent population sexual gland full maturity, manual compression parent population belly obtains ripe ovum, and the ovum artificial collection fertilization obtains fertilized egg.
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