CN100337603C - Technological method for temperature and light control of cynoglossus semilaevis Gunther parent fish spawning - Google Patents
Technological method for temperature and light control of cynoglossus semilaevis Gunther parent fish spawning Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a temperature and light regulation and control technical method for half-smooth tongue sole parent fish to spawn. The present invention comprises two aspects, wherein one aspect is the optimization of parent fish and the breeding intensification, and the other aspect is that the breeding water temperature and the light irradiation is artificially regulated and controlled to make the parent fish oviposit. The present invention has the technical key points of the breeding of half-smoothing tongue sole, the regulating mode of the water temperature, the regulating mode of the light irradiation, and the arrangement of owl-light lamps, etc. The sexual glands of the parent fish of the half-smoothing tongue sole are synchronously mature, the spawning is carried out naturally, the spawning time is fixed and concentrated every time, and multitudinous fertilized eggs of good quality and high fertilized rate can be obtained. The present invention is a set of complete control technical method. Through production experiments, the whole breeding population fertilized rate can reach 92% during the breeding period, the hatching rate can reach 86.5%, the spawning period can reach one and a half months, and the fecundity is increased by 50% than that in the natural world.
Description
Technical field:
The invention belongs to Cynoglossus semilaevis parent fish raising technology, is a kind of Artificial Control illumination and water temperature, promotes Cynoglossus semilaevis parent fish gonad development, the method for make its nature, concentrating, lay eggs in batches.
Background technology:
Cynoglossus semilaevis (Cynoglossus semilaevis G ü nter), be commonly called as Flos Sauropi changiani fish, Sonchus arvensis L., sole rice, belong to Pleuronectiformes, sole suborder, Cynoglossidae, tongue sole genus, NATURAL DISTRIBUTION is coastal in China, with the Bohai Sea, the Huanghai Sea is many, is the large-scale famous and precious Fish that dwell at a kind of end.In the later stage eighties 20th century, China's researcher has carried out preliminary study to Cynoglossus semilaevis, and content relates to the research of Cynoglossus semilaevis breeding habit and the ecology of laying eggs, artificial breeding Technology, early stage form and development characteristics, and (Jiang Yanwei etc. 1988; 1993, Huanghai Sea Aquatic product institute); Artificial breeding research is to utilize wild mature brood fish to obtain germ cell by the artificial fertilization.On the research basis in the past, the scientific research personnel has carried out the research that the Cynoglossus semilaevis parent fish is tamed, parent fish temperature light regulates and control to lay eggs aspects such as technology, fetal development condition optimizing technology, young postlarva feeding habit and growth promoter feature in succession, early stage morphological development (the Wan Ruijing etc. of Cynoglossus semilaevis have been delivered, 2004, Huanghai Sea Aquatic product institute), temperature, salinity are to the influence and the incubation condition control technique (Liu Xuezhou etc., 2004, Huanghai Sea Aquatic product institute) of fetal development; The research (Liu Xuezhou etc., 2005, Huanghai Sea Aquatic product institute) of Cynoglossus semilaevis reproductive biology and raising technology finished in the ingest characteristic and the increment study articles such as (Ma Aijun etc., 2005, Huanghai Sea Aquatic product institutes) of early development stage; Other scholars have also delivered about research articles such as the relation of the consumption rate of Cynoglossus semilaevis and salinity and body weight, existence critical salinity and suitable growth salinity (Wang Zisheng, 2003, Yancheng Institute Of Technology).But also do not report about the technology that temperature, illumination regulation and control Cynoglossus semilaevis parent fish lay eggs.
Summary of the invention:
Purpose of the present invention: provide a kind of temperature and individual gonad of illumination regulation and control Cynoglossus semilaevis parent fish male and female of utilizing to reach maturity synchronously, the technology of natural spawning, and by adding the evening lamp irradiation, the regulation and control parent fish is concentrated in regular time every day and lays eggs, in the hope of obtaining large batch of high quality fertilized egg of scophthatmus.
The present invention realizes by following technical scheme: main contents comprise that parent fish preferably cultivates water temperature and illumination with reinforced cultivating and regulation and control and make parent fish two aspects of laying eggs:
One, the preferred and reinforced cultivating of parent fish: comprise that preferred, breeding condition of parent fish and feedstuff feed:
1, parent fish preferably reaches breeding condition: the parent fish of preferred normal body colour, health, and raun is more than 3 ages, and total length reaches 40-60 centimetre, body weight 1300-3000 gram; Milter reached more than 3 ages, and total length 20-35 centimetre, body weight reaches the 200-700 gram.Parent fish is put into special-purpose temperature light regulation and control and cultivates pond (25m
2), stocking density 1～3 tail/m
2, body weight 2～3kg/m
212～25 ℃ of anniversary water temperatures.Flowing water is cultivated, rate of water exchange 400%, and water is changed in regularly clear pond.Condition of water quality requires: dissolved oxygen＞6.0mg/L, and PH scope: 7.6-8.2, salinity 28-33 ‰.
2, the feedstuff of parent fish and feeding:
The feedstuff of parent fish: bait is based on the clam worm that lives, shellfish meat.
Feeding of parent fish: day throw something and feed 2 times, a day feeding volume is the 2%-3% of fish body body weight, and the reinforcement that began to carry out living bait preceding 3 months of mating period is thrown something and fed, and promotes the growth of parent fish gonad, keeps the high rate of throwing something and feeding whole mating period.When parent fish begins to lay eggs, change the clam worm alive of throwing something and feeding fully into.When throwing something and feeding, note avoiding noise, and in time remove residual bait, blowdown.
Two, water temperature, illumination control technique: comprise the regulation and control of water temperature regulate and control, illumination.
1, water temperature regulate and control:
Before temperature, illumination regulation and control, the cultivation water temperature of Cynoglossus semilaevis is controlled at 16-17 ℃, natural lighting, intensity of illumination is about 100Lux; 2-3 is individual month before arriving idiophase, begins to regulate and control water temperature, when natural temperature is raised to 18 ℃, and the beginning temperature control.Temperature control method: water temperature slowly promoted 1 ℃ in per 7 days, remained unchanged and stayed for some time after being raised to 25 ℃.The ratio of waiting to observe parent fish total length and gonad length reaches at 1: 0.51 o'clock, and water temperature is descended 1 ℃, keeps 24 ℃ of constant wait parent fishs and lays eggs.Water temperature is by boiler or refrigeration machine regulation and control height, day rate of water exchange 400%-500%.The variation of 12 monitorings every day water temperature, accuracy controlling variations in temperature every day is in ± 0.2 ℃ of scope.
2, the regulation and control of illumination:
In the temperature adjusting process, when being raised to 19 ℃, water temperature begins to carry out the illumination regulation and control.
1). the parent fish rearing pond is hidden fully with the light tight tarpaulin of black, highly locate for 1 meter to hang electric filament lamp at the cultivation pond water surface, the adjusting intensity of illumination is 280Lux.
2). the adjusting of the illumination rhythm and pace of moving things: the control light application time is 8 hours when water temperature is 19 ℃, increases light application time 30 minutes in later per 5 days, reaches 13 hours and remains unchanged until light application time, accurately manages the light application time of every day with intervalometer.
3). the setting of evening lamp: when light application time reaches 12 hours every days, begin to be provided with evening lamp, on the basis of former light application time, increase half-light according to the time.Evening lamp promptly adds an electric filament lamp (60W) in the central authorities that are positioned at the cultivation pond apart from water surface 1m place, be connected to other control light modulation and cultivate on the pond outer variable resistance and intervalometer, utilize variable resistance and intervalometer to regulate and control intensity of illumination and weaken gradually, reduced to behind the 50Lux prolonged exposure gradually 15 minutes by 280Lux.Lighting time is along with the prolongation of the normal illumination time 30min of postponing every day.
The present invention and prior art contrast its characteristics:
The present invention is according to the natural law of Cynoglossus semilaevis parent fish gonad development, and premenarcheal reinforced cultivating adopts temperature and illumination control method, make the parent fish gonad grow synchronously and in cultivating the pond nature, concentrate, lay eggs in batches.
The present invention is according to the research of physiological ecology, in the long interpolation evening lamp illumination when reaching 1: 0.51 above gonadal maturation of Cynoglossus semilaevis parent fish total length and gonad.The effect of evening lamp is simulate natural ecological environment, and the natural environment that the Cynoglossus semilaevis parent fish is experienced under the simulated conditions gradually changes, and impels male and female parent fish gonad to grow synchronously and the synchronous spawning fertilization, and the regulation and control parent fish laid eggs in regular time every day.And the regulation and control of parent fish in the past egg-laying time under the condition of not adding evening lamp is unfixing, often can not determine egg-laying time, has missed the best opportunity of receiving ovum and hatching, has increased the difficulty of artificial breeding.
The present invention adopts automatic control technology, with variable resistance and intervalometer accuracy controlling light application time and intensity of illumination, has avoided because the acute variation of illumination that manual operation brings accidentally and temperature makes parent fish produce emergency reaction.
The present invention strengthens fortification in regulation and control water temperature and illumination, when treating the parent fish gonad development with maturation, slowly regulate water temperature again and illumination suitably reduces, and discharges to promote sophisticated ovum.Conditions such as the water temperature between the whole egg-laying season, illumination, nutrition reach the best, make that Cynoglossus semilaevis parent fish egg-laying time prolongs half wheat harvesting period than nature under the artificial regulatory condition, and egg laying amount also increases greatly.By above measure, can obtain large batch of high quality fertilized egg of scophthatmus, fertilization rate reached to 92%, incubation rate reaches 86.6%.
Description of drawings:
Fig. 1: Mai Dao proving ground temperature, light egg laying amount distribution situation in the following Cynoglossus semilaevis egg-laying season of regulation and control.
Fig. 2: the loyal sea water in Qingdao produces company limited temperature, light regulation and control egg laying amount distribution situation of following Cynoglossus semilaevis egg-laying season.
The specific embodiment:
Cynoglossus semilaevis is the famous and precious seawater fish in Northeast Asia, and its artificial breeding technology fails to obtain big breakthrough always.The present invention is by the research to its gonad development rule; explore the warm light regulate and control method that a cover is fit to its gonad development rule; make Cynoglossus semilaevis gonad under the artificial regulatory condition reach synchronous maturation and nature, lay eggs in batches, impel scale breeding to obtain to break through.
Narrate technology contents of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings below by specific embodiment:
This research is carried out at Huanghai Sea Aquatic product institute Mai Dao proving ground and Qingdao loyal sea water product company limited respectively, and specific implementation process is as follows:
Embodiment one: carry out the preliminary experiment of laying eggs of temperature, illumination regulation and control Cynoglossus semilaevis parent fish in Huanghai Sea Aquatic product institute Mai Dao proving ground.
1). parent fish is selected and throws something and feeds:
Cynoglossus semilaevis parent fish 30 tails are selected in experiment for use, 12 tail rauns, 18 tail milters, raun average weight 2116 grams, milter average weight 257 grams.The parent fish bodily form, body colour are normal, healthy not damaged (the normal body colour Cynoglossus semilaevis body back side is brown or crineous, and the outside of belly is a milky).The parent fish age: raun and milter were for 3 ages.
Parent fish is put into rectangle and smears angle cultivation pond (25m
2, 1 meter of the depth of water) cultivate.Cultivating water is the sand filtration nature seawater, and condition of water quality is: DO＞6.0mg/L, pH=7.9-8.2, salinity 30-32.Long face at the bottom of cultivating the pond and wide are provided with scale, with the ratio of timely measurement parent fish gonad and total length, and the law of development of grasp parent fish gonad under the artificial regulatory condition.
The fodder and bait of parent fish is based on the clam worm that lives, shellfish meat.Day throw something and feed 2 times, say the 2%-3% that feeding volume is a fish body body weight, the reinforcement that began to carry out living bait preceding 3 months of mating period is thrown something and fed, and promotes the growth of parent fish gonad, keeps the high rate of throwing something and feeding whole mating period.When parent fish begins to lay eggs, change the clam worm alive of throwing something and feeding fully into.When throwing something and feeding, note avoiding noise, and in time remove residual bait, blowdown.
2). parent fish water temperature, illumination regulation and control:
Before temperature, illumination regulation and control, the cultivation water temperature of Cynoglossus semilaevis is controlled at 16-17 ℃, natural lighting, intensity of illumination is about 100Lux; 2-3 is individual month before arriving idiophase, begin to regulate and control water temperature, water temperature begins to raise by 18 ℃ gradually, raise 1 ℃ in per 7 days until being increased to 25 ℃ and remain unchanged, when finding that parent fish has (the long ratio with total length of parent fish gonad this moment reaches 0.51) when laying eggs on a small quantity, water temperature is descended 0.5 ℃ to 24 ℃ and keep stable every day.
The parent fish rearing pond is hidden fully with the light tight tarpaulin of black, highly locate for 1 meter to hang electric filament lamp at the cultivation pond water surface, the control intensity of illumination is 280Lux.The regulation and control light application time is 8 hours when water temperature is 19 ℃, increases light application time 30 minutes in later per 5 days, reaches 13 hours and remains unchanged until light application time, accurately manages the light application time of every day with intervalometer.
Evening lamp is set: when light application time reaches 12 hours every days, begin to be provided with evening lamp (on the basis of former light application time, increasing half-light) according to the time.Evening lamp promptly adds an electric filament lamp (60W) in the central authorities that are positioned at the cultivation pond apart from water surface 1m place, be connected on the variable resistance of cultivating outside the pond and intervalometer with other control light modulation, utilize variable resistance and intervalometer regulation and control intensity of illumination to weaken gradually, reduced to behind the 50Lux prolonged exposure gradually 15 minutes by 280Lux.Along with the evening lamp lighting time of putting off of normal illumination time is postponed half an hour every day.The effect of evening lamp is simulate natural ecological environment, and the natural environment that the Cynoglossus semilaevis parent fish is experienced under the simulated conditions gradually changes, and impels male and female parent fish gonad to grow synchronously and the synchronous spawning fertilization, and the regulation and control parent fish laid eggs in regular time every day.
3). experimental result:
Under temperature, light regulation and control, the ratio of Cynoglossus semilaevis parent fish gonad development and total length such as following table.When parent fish gonad length and total length ratio reach 0.51 gonadal maturation of parent fish when above, but natural spawning.
| The cultivation time (d) | 20 | 30 | 40 | 50 | 60 | 70 | 80 |
| Gonad length and total length ratio | 0.25 9 | 0.32 9 | 0.39 6 | 0.45 9 | 0.50 9 | 0.52 9 | 0.543 |
In the time of 2 months, the Cynoglossus semilaevis parent fish begins to lay eggs at control light, temperature control in this experiment, and the whole egg-laying season continues 42 days altogether, 30 batches on common property ovum, and wherein the good ovum amount of every day all reached more than the 300ml in order to concentrate spawning period in 22 days.Obtain high quality fertilized egg of scophthatmus 7390ml (see figure 1) altogether, fertilization rate reached to 90%, incubation rate reaches 85%, obtains ten thousand tails surplus high-quality, the healthy newly hatched larvae 600 altogether.The egg-laying time of parent fish every day was all closed back about 2 hours at evening lamp, and the advantage place that evening lamp is set has been described.
Embodiment two: loyal sea water produces company limited and carries out illumination, the temperature adjusting Cynoglossus semilaevis parent fish technology large-scale production test of laying eggs in Qingdao.
1). the selection of parent fish and throwing something and feeding:
Select Cynoglossus semilaevis parent fish 65 tails for use, raun: milter=1: 1.5, raun average weight 2315 grams, milter average weight 278 grams.The parent fish bodily form, body colour are normal, healthy not damaged.The parent fish age: raun and milter were more than 3 ages.Parent fish is put into the circular cement cultivation pond cultivation of smearing the angle, and (area is 25m
2, depth of water 1m).Cultivating water is the sand filtration nature seawater, cultivates the adjusting of water temperature with boiler and refrigeration machine.Condition of water quality is: DO＞6.0mg/L, pH=8.0-8.2, salinity 30-33.
The feedstuff of parent fish: bait is based on the clam worm that lives, shellfish meat.Day throw something and feed 2 times, a day feeding volume is the 2%-3% of fish body body weight, and the reinforcement that began to carry out living bait preceding 3 months of mating period is thrown something and fed, and promotes the growth of parent fish gonad, keeps the high rate of throwing something and feeding whole mating period.When parent fish begins to lay eggs, change the clam worm alive of throwing something and feeding fully into.When throwing something and feeding, note avoiding noise, and in time remove residual bait, blowdown.
2). the water temperature regulate and control of parent fish:
The artificial regulatory water temperature slowly is elevated to 25 ℃ by 18 ℃ gradually.Rise 1 ℃ until rising to 25 ℃ and keep a period of time every 7 days water temperatures.When finding that parent fish lays eggs on a small quantity, every day, water temperature descended 0.5 ℃, to 24 ℃ and remain unchanged.The cultivation pond water temperature amplitude of variation of water temperature control period every day is no more than ± and 0.2 ℃.
3). the illumination regulation and control of parent fish:
The parent fish rearing pond is hidden fully with the light tight tarpaulin of black, highly locate for 1 meter to hang electric filament lamp at the cultivation pond water surface, the adjusting intensity of illumination is 280Lux.The control light application time is 8 hours when water temperature is 19 ℃, increases light application time 30 minutes in later per 5 days, reaches 13 hours until light application time and remains unchanged, and accurately manages the light application time of every day with intervalometer.
4). evening lamp is set: (with embodiment one).
5). experimental result:
Through the regulation and control of 2 first quarter moons, Cynoglossus semilaevis parent fish gonad development in cultivating the pond is ripe synchronously, and nature, lays eggs in batches.Continue 46 days whole idiophase, wherein spawning period continues 26 days, more than the good ovum amount 600ml of every day, obtains high quality fertilized egg of scophthatmus 13610ml (see figure 2) altogether, fertilization rate reached 92%, and incubation rate is 86.6%, ten thousand tails surplus the newly hatched larvae 1000 that secures good health altogether.The egg-laying time of parent fish every day is all closed the back about 2-3 hour at evening lamp, and egg-laying time concentrates, regularly, and the effect that evening lamp has been described is tangible.
Claims (3)
1, a kind of temperature, the light regulation and control Cynoglossus semilaevis parent fish technical method of laying eggs, its technology contents comprises the preferred and reinforced cultivating of parent fish and cultivates regulation and control two aspects of water temperature and illumination: the cultivation of parent fish: comprise preferably reaching the feedstuff of breeding condition, parent fish and feeding of parent fish; The water temperature of parent fish, illumination regulation and control: comprise the method for regulation and control water temperature and illumination, it is characterized in that its water temperature, illumination regulate and control method are:
1), water temperature regulate and control:
Before temperature, illumination regulation and control, the cultivation water temperature of Cynoglossus semilaevis is controlled at 16-17 ℃, natural lighting, intensity of illumination is about 100Lux; 2-3 is individual month before arriving idiophase, begins to regulate and control water temperature, and water temperature begins to heat up in the time of 18 ℃; Temperature control method: per 7 days water temperatures slowly promote 1 ℃, remain unchanged and stay for some time after being raised to 25 ℃, and the ratio of waiting to observe parent fish total length and gonad length reaches 1: 0.51, has observed when laying eggs phenomenon, and water temperature is descended 1 ℃ gradually, keep 24 ℃ constant;
2), the control of the illumination rhythm and pace of moving things:
Begin to carry out the illumination regulation and control when water temperature rises to 19 ℃ gradually, the parent fish rearing pond hides with the light tight tarpaulin of black, and dried up 1 meter height hangs electric filament lamp in the parent fish rearing pond, and the adjusting intensity of illumination is 280Lux; The control light application time is 8 hours, increases light application time 30 minutes in later per 5 days, reaches 13 hours and remains unchanged until light application time, accurately manages the light application time of every day with intervalometer; When light application time reaches 12 hours, add that evening lamp illumination being set.
2, a kind of temperature according to claim 1, the light regulation and control Cynoglossus semilaevis parent fish technical method of laying eggs, the evening lamp that it is characterized in that described setting, when the control light modulation is converted into evening lamp illumination, with variable resistance and intervalometer, weaken intensity of illumination gradually to 50Lux, prolonged exposure is 15 minutes then, and lighting time is along with the prolongation of the normal illumination time 30min of postponing every day.
3, a kind of temperature according to claim 1 and 2, the light regulation and control Cynoglossus semilaevis parent fish technical method of laying eggs is characterized in that the evening lamp of described setting, and it is controlled light modulation by electric filament lamp, variable resistance and intervalometer and other and forms jointly; Being positioned at the central authorities that cultivate the pond add a 60W apart from water surface 1m place electric filament lamp, be parallel on the variable resistance of cultivating outside the pond and intervalometer with other control light modulation.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN101884311A (en) * | 2010-06-30 | 2010-11-17 | 中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所 | Method for constructing tongue sole families and breeding superior families |
Families Citing this family (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN100436599C (en) * | 2006-05-12 | 2008-11-26 | 中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所 | Female-specific AFLP fragment of Cynoglossus semilaevis Gunther and PCR method for identification of genetic sex |
| CN102715104B (en) * | 2012-05-16 | 2014-09-03 | 中国水产科学研究院东海水产研究所 | Method for promoting maturation of pampus argenteus gonads |
| CN111657191B (en) * | 2020-06-24 | 2021-05-28 | 中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所 | Method for regulating natural spawning of parent fish of seriolala quinqueradiata |
| CN112219758B (en) * | 2020-10-19 | 2023-03-31 | 中国水产科学研究院南海水产研究所 | Method for controlling sexual maturity of siganus oramin |
| CN114128663B (en) * | 2021-11-24 | 2023-02-10 | 大连海洋大学 | Thermo-optical regulation and control method for anti-season propagation of parent fish of takifugu rubripes and application of thermo-optical regulation and control method |
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| CN1419818A (en) * | 2001-11-16 | 2003-05-28 | 威海华信海珍品有限公司 | Large brill natural spawning breeding method |
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| 半滑舌鳎（Cynoglossus semilaevis）早期发育阶段的摄食特性及生长研究 马爱军，柳学周，徐永江，梁友，庄志猛，翟介明，李波，海洋与湖沼，第36卷第2期 2005 * |
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| CN101884311A (en) * | 2010-06-30 | 2010-11-17 | 中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所 | Method for constructing tongue sole families and breeding superior families |
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