CN102860273B - Crossbreeding method of mud crab - Google Patents
Crossbreeding method of mud crab Download PDFInfo
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- CN102860273B CN102860273B CN201210363109.2A CN201210363109A CN102860273B CN 102860273 B CN102860273 B CN 102860273B CN 201210363109 A CN201210363109 A CN 201210363109A CN 102860273 B CN102860273 B CN 102860273B
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- 241000238095 Scylla serrata Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 238000009402 cross-breeding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- 230000037396 body weight Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000003203 everyday effect Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000015170 shellfish Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 241000238557 Decapoda Species 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000001418 larval effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 210000001672 ovary Anatomy 0.000 claims description 6
- 241000251468 Actinopterygii Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000013011 mating Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 241000700141 Rotifera Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012136 culture method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000013601 eggs Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000012447 hatching Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000032696 parturition Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000638 stimulation Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001902 propagating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 8
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000009396 hybridization Methods 0.000 description 5
- 241000238097 Callinectes sapidus Species 0.000 description 4
- 241001327110 Macrobrachium rosenbergii Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000851180 Palaemon carinicauda Species 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009364 mariculture Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000384 rearing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003643 water by type Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241001489138 Haliotis diversicolor Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000238119 Xanthoidea Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000009360 aquaculture Methods 0.000 description 1
- 244000144974 aquaculture Species 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012258 culturing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002354 daily effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007850 degeneration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000013505 freshwater Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012214 genetic breeding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002068 genetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000366 juvenile effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009344 polyculture Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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Abstract
The invention provides a crossbreeding method of the mud crab. Inter-species different geographic populations of the mud crab are hybridized and bed to obtain artificial hybrid fry of the mud crab. The crossbreeding method of the mud crab inherits fine traits of both parents and has the advantages that stress resistance is high, breeding survival rate is high and the like. The bred fry of the mud crab have fitting traits and have better stress resistance than the fry of the mud crab in the sea. The bred fry of the mud crab can be widely used for breeding of fine breeds of the mud crab, and growth speed, stress resistance and breeding survival rate of the mud crab are increased. The crossbreeding method of the mud crab is reasonable in design, simple to operate, highly operable and applicable to production.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to aquatic products genetic breeding field, relate in particular to the cross breeding method between a kind of mud crab Different population.
Background technology
Mud crab is one of China's important mariculture crab class, and economic worth is higher, and the market demand is huge, and China Guangdong, Zhejiang, Fujian etc. are coastal just to start to propagate artificially as far back as the later stage eighties in last century.In recent years, China's blue crab cultivation industry development is very fast, has become a main mariculture kind in coastal areas of southern China province, 600,000 mu of cultured areas, 110,000 tons of annual productions.At present, the required seed overwhelming majority of blue crab cultivation catches wild seed from adopting, and not yet passes through genetic improvement.In breeding process, occurred that mud crab resistance is poor, premunition declines, frequent appearance is extensive dead.It is to improve an effective way of resistance and productivity that the method for employing Different population intermolecular hybrid is utilized its hybrid vigour.Domestic in shellfish breeding research, publication number is that the application for a patent for invention of CN1736344 discloses the cross method between different geographic populations Haliotis diversicolor, filial generation rear 8 the lunar crust length of collecting seedling are higher by 10.2% than selfing group, and the survival rate of high 13.2%, the 10 monthly age hybridization of body weight group is higher by 46.7% than selfing group.Publication number is that the application for a patent for invention of CN1762310 discloses a kind of Macrobrachium rosenbergii intraspecific hybridization breeding method, by from external introduced variety and domestic one's early years introduced variety first hybridize, backcross, make Macrobrachium rosenbergii shrimp seedling embrace seed and bring up to 67.2%, emergence rate brings up to 94.5%.As everyone knows, improved seeds are prerequisites of culture fishery sustainable development, prevalent variety cultivation be determine that blue crab cultivation industry continues, one of the important measures of stable development, by the crossbreeding between mud crab Different population, cultivate strong stress resistance, improved seeds that survival rate is high, can strengthen mud crab opposing environment capacity and resistance against diseases, improve the aspects such as cultivation survival rate and culture benefit all significant.
Mud crab breeding mainly contains selects breeding and crossbreeding.Publication number is foundation and the fine-variety breeding method that the application for a patent for invention of CN101627737 discloses a kind of blue crab family, relates to a kind of mud crab breed breeding method.Publication number is the staged group breeding method that the application for a patent for invention of CN101990849 discloses a kind of mud crab, does not relate to mud crab crossbreeding technology content.
Summary of the invention
For also there is no the report about mud crab cross breeding method in prior art, the object of this invention is to provide the cross breeding method between a kind of mud crab Different population, for mud crab prevalent variety cultivation, improve mud crab growth rate, anti-adversity ability and cultivation survival rate.
For achieving the above object, the present invention has adopted following technical scheme, and it comprises the following steps:
(1) cultivate pond construction: cultivate 1 mu of left and right of pool area for every, surrounding has 1.5 meters of wide circular grooves, can water conservation dark more than 1.5 meters, pond surrounding has the anti-net of escaping of 0.5 meter high;
(2) planting crab selects: choose female (♀), male (♂) mud crab that the most northern Hangzhou Wan colony of China's mud crab natural distribution, Sanmen Wan colony and Fujian province Jiangkou colony produce healthy various strains, the natural mud crab that 200～300 grams of female crab body weight of the selection breeding season before, 400～500 grams of male crab body weight, physique stalwartness, appendage are complete and energetic or the one-tenth crab of propagating artificially are as close crab;
(3) male and female proportioning and bait throwing in: adopt the positive and negative Mating design that female, male ratio is 2:1.Post-coitum continues to stay the pool to raise female crab.Bait feeding is mainly low value (small dimension hang razor clam etc.) shellfish;
(4) female crab is hastened parturition: the full female crab of the above-mentioned development of ovary is moved in greenhouse cement pit, the shading of the black door curtain made of cloth is added a cover in top, pond, water temperature remains on 25～30 ℃, salinity 24 ‰～26 ‰ (percentage by weight), the low value of throwing something and feeding every day (small dimension hang razor clam etc.) shellfish, changes water every day 1 time, dry revealing 2～3 hours while at every turn changing water, through stimulation by running water, cultivate 3～5 days, making female crab ovary grow rapidly and lay eggs becomes ovigerous crab;
(5) ovigerous crab hatching: ovigerous crab is put into separately respectively to the plastic crate of lid, and basket is suspended in cement pit, 1 ovigerous crab is put in every pond, inflation keeps water quality, allows hatchling be discharged into voluntarily in cement pit;
(6) larval culture: larval culture method routinely, the wheel animalcule of throwing something and feeding every day, halogen worm, prawn slice or fish such as waste at the bait, until young crab go out pond can the consistent mud crab hybrid seedlings of acquired character.
The method of Different population hybridization in mud crab kind provided by the present invention, method is simple, there is stronger operability, by hybridization, cultivate obtained artificial mud crab hybrid seedlings, inherited parents' merit, had good stress resistance, cultivation survival rate advantages of higher, the mud crab seedlings proterties of cultivating is consistent, degeneration-resistant proterties is better than sea area crab seedling, can be applicable to produce.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment, technical scheme of the present invention is described in further detail.
Embodiment 1:
(1) cultivating pond builds: be chosen in coastal region, water quality meets aquaculture requirement, sea water and fresh water convenient sources.Cultivate 1.2 mu of pool areas, surrounding has 1.5 meters of wide circular grooves, can keep the depth of water more than 1.5 meters, and pond surrounding has the anti-net of escaping of 0.5 meter high.
(2) planting crab chooses: front 15～20 days of mud crab mating, and plant crab and require physique stalwartness, appendage complete, choose respectively 50 of the male crabs of 350～400 grams of Hangzhou Wan sea area body weight, 100 of the female crabs of 200～300 grams of body weight; Meanwhile, choose 50 of the male mud crabs of 350～400 grams of Sanmen Wan sea area body weight, 100 of the female crabs of 350～400 grams of body weight.
(3) male and female mating: undertaken by positive and negative hybridization, female, male mud crab 2:1 ratio, puts into respectively 2 outdoor ponds and allow its natural mating.The bait of throwing something and feeding is mainly the shellfishes such as razor clam of hanging, and daily ration, feeding quantity is 5%～8% of crab body weight.Post-coitum can have been caught male crab with crab pot, and female crab continues to stay pool raising to survive the winter.
The male crab (♂) (quadrature SH) of the female crab of Sanmen Wan (♀) * Hangzhou Wan
The male crab (♂) (reciprocal cross HS) of the female crab of Hangzhou Wan (♀) * Sanmen Wan
(4) female crab is hastened parturition: Second Year moves into respectively indoor cement pit to the full female crab of the above-mentioned development of ovary spring, top, pond is added a cover the black door curtain made of cloth and is carried out shading, keep 28～30 ℃ of water temperatures, salinity 24 ‰～26 ‰, change water every day 1 time, dry revealing 2 hours while at every turn changing water, through 3～5 days stimulation by running water, to cultivate, female crab ovary is grown rapidly and laid eggs becomes ovigerous crab.
(5) ovigerous crab hatching: ovigerous crab is put into separately respectively to the plastic crate of lid, and basket is suspended in cement pit, 1 ovigerous crab is put in every pond, inflation keeps water quality dissolved oxygen sufficient, allows hatchling be discharged in cement pit voluntarily.
(6) larval culture: larval culture method routinely, throw something and feed every day 5～6 wheel animalcules, halogen worm, prawn slice or fishes such as waste at the bait, until young crab goes out pond.Different Cross Combinations juvenile crab is raised situation as following table 1.
(7) young crab is formed: young crab becomes C through intermediate rearing
2～C
3after, the outdoor test tank that to put in a suitable place to breed in area be 1.2 mu is formed commodity crab, raises together with in addition part Exopalaemon carinicauda, the end is installed in pond increase and support facility and some things concealeds are put in increasing.Bait is mainly the fresh small fish shrimp of extra large ice fishing etc., notes changing at ordinary times water and water quality adjustment.
Mud crab artificial breeding cross hybrid seedling, catches comparison through cultivation and the receipts of some months, forms survival rate than three natural waters heights of seedling 17.5%～22.3%.Mud crab artificial breeding cross hybrid seedling and natural waters seedling cultivation situation are in Table 1.
Embodiment 2:
Culturing pool is in Sanmen Wan coastal region, seawater convenient sources, and salinity is in 10 ‰ left and right, 16～20 mu of pond areas, surrounding has circular groove, is mud crab, Exopalaemon carinicauda, the razor clam Polyculture of hanging.Artificial breeding mud crab cross hybrid seedling, becomes C through intermediate rearing
3～C
4after, 10-11 day in June is put pond in a suitable place to breed, puts 700 left and right in a suitable place to breed for average every mu, and feed is mainly chilled small fish.Through cultivation in 3 months, started then harvesting on September 5, to November 16, finish.
3 test pools amount to supports 54.6 mu of crab areas, puts altogether 38200 of quantity in a suitable place to breed, puts 699.6 in a suitable place to breed for average every mu, receives and catches 13504 altogether, on average forms rate 35.3%.Put sea area C in a suitable place to breed with tradition
1～C
2the rate of forming of young crab (rate of generally forming is in 10% left and right) is compared, and improves approximately more than 20 percentage point.Concrete cultivation situation is in Table 2.
Above embodiment is only in order to technical scheme of the present invention to be described, but not is limited; Although the present invention is had been described in detail with reference to previous embodiment; for the person of ordinary skill of the art; the technical scheme that still can record previous embodiment is modified; or part technical characterictic is wherein equal to replacement, does not make the essence of appropriate technical solution depart from the spirit and scope of the present invention's technical scheme required for protection.
Claims (2)
1. a mud crab cross breeding method, by following steps, realize:
(1) cultivate pond construction: cultivate 1 mu of pool area for every, surrounding has 1.5 meters of wide circular grooves, and the depth of water is more than 1.5 meters, and pond surrounding has the anti-net of escaping of 0.5 meter high;
(2) planting crab selects: choose female, the male mud crab that the most northern Hangzhou Wan colony of China's mud crab natural distribution, Sanmen Wan colony and Fujian province Jiangkou colony produce healthy various strains, the natural mud crab that 200～300 grams of female crab body weight of the selection breeding season before, 400～500 grams of male crab body weight, physique stalwartness, appendage are complete and energetic or the one-tenth crab of propagating artificially are as close crab;
(3) male and female proportioning and bait throwing in: adopt the positive and negative Mating design that female, male ratio is 2:1, post-coitum continues to stay the pool to raise female crab, and bait feeding is selected low value shellfish;
(4) female crab is hastened parturition: the full female crab of the above-mentioned development of ovary is moved in greenhouse cement pit, pond top shading, 25～30 ℃ of water temperatures, the percentage by weight of salinity is 24 ‰～26 ‰, the low value of throwing something and feeding every day shellfish, changes water every day 1 time, dry revealing 2～3 hours while at every turn changing water, through stimulation by running water, cultivate 3～5 days, making female crab ovary grow rapidly and lay eggs becomes ovigerous crab;
(5) ovigerous crab hatching: ovigerous crab is put into separately respectively to the plastic crate of lid, and basket is suspended in cement pit, 1 ovigerous crab is put in every pond, inflation keeps water quality, allows hatchling be discharged into voluntarily in cement pit;
(6) larval culture: larval culture method routinely, the wheel animalcule of throwing something and feeding every day, halogen worm, prawn slice or fish are wasted bait, are the mud crab new lines seed that acquired character is consistent until young crab goes out pond.
2. a kind of mud crab cross breeding method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described low value shellfish is selected the small dimension razor clam shellfish of hanging.
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| CN104067986A (en) * | 2014-06-27 | 2014-10-01 | 上海海洋大学 | Method for breeding new variety of commercial line of eriocheir sinensis |
| CN105145424A (en) * | 2015-08-04 | 2015-12-16 | 厦门大学 | Culturing method for blue crab egg-carrying crab phase |
| CN111264431B (en) * | 2020-03-06 | 2022-03-22 | 汕头大学 | Artificial directional hybridization method for Scylla paramamosain and Scylla serrata |
| CN113243325B (en) * | 2021-05-28 | 2022-09-30 | 上海海洋大学 | Construction method of eriocheir sinensis white shell strain |
| CN113785789B (en) * | 2021-10-14 | 2022-12-30 | 中国水产科学研究院南海水产研究所 | Blue crab cultivation method |
| CN115997711A (en) * | 2022-12-23 | 2023-04-25 | 浙江大学 | Method for promoting blue crab seed crab to hold eggs again |
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