CN104170777B - The seedling-cultivating method of son clown fish - Google Patents
The seedling-cultivating method of son clown fish Download PDFInfo
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- CN104170777B CN104170777B CN201410382104.3A CN201410382104A CN104170777B CN 104170777 B CN104170777 B CN 104170777B CN 201410382104 A CN201410382104 A CN 201410382104A CN 104170777 B CN104170777 B CN 104170777B
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Abstract
The seedling-cultivating method of son clown fish provided by the invention, through a, parent fish rearing; B, incubating oosperm; C, larvae juvenile fish cultivate three large steps.Cultivate through 60d after prelarva hatches, juvenile fish total length reaches 2-3cm, cultivates and terminates.In the nurturing period, in succession with the wheel animalcule of strengthening through marine chlorella 24h, through with DHA and the chlorella strengthening halogen worm of more than 12h, copepoda, the meat gruel shape fresh food made by the raw small animal in the sea of content of phospholipid more than 25% and manufactured feed for bait separately or superposition throw something and feed.And carry out at the appropriate time changing moisture cylinder.The seedling-cultivating method of son clown fish provided by the invention, proposing one can the route of industrialized scale equalization, compared with prior art, has more popularization, for the large-scale cultivation of son clown fish provides the foundation.
Description
Technical field
What the present invention relates to is the seedling-cultivating method of a kind of son clown fish.
Background technology
Son clown fish (
amphiprionocellaris) be subordinate to Perciformes (
perciformes), Pomacentridae (
pomacentridae), two saw fish belongs to (
amphiprion).Its body is long general at 5-8cm, maximumly reaches 10cm, and build be ellipse, body colour Exocarpium Citri Rubrum, there are three white endless belt on side, after laying respectively at eyes, dorsal fin central authorities, caudal peduncle place, wherein the leukorrhea of dorsal fin central authorities forms triangle on side, and each fin Chinese red, some individualities have black border.Son clown fish life hierarchy is strict, and sexual conversion behavior, after sexual maturity, raun build is greater than milter.Mainly be distributed in South China Sea, Philippine and coral reef marine site, Western Pacific.
Son clown fish color is beautiful, has a sweet temper, and healthy and strongly vivaciously easily to raise, and can with sea anemone symbiosis, be the first-selected kind of vast Shui nationality fan.Owing to being subject to propagation technique and production-scale limitation, the son clown fish sold in the market is still to fish for wild natural population.And when fishing for, the toxic chemical such as multiplex cyanide is fished for, and causes wild son clown fish lethality high, is difficult to raise and train.Meanwhile, cyanide also can cause damage to marine organisms such as corals, and destroy the ecological balance of Coral Reef Region, therefore the artificial breeding of marine ornamental fish is imperative.At present both at home and abroad existing scholar has done Primary Study to the physiological ecological of son clown fish, Reproductive development.
Yang Chen, Li Hongwu describe more detailed nursery step in " Primary Study of son clown artificial propagation and nursery " literary composition.
A. parent fish rearing: " the long conduct more than 7cm of selective body is maternal, and long below the 6cm of body manually matches for male parent.Select 18 pairs of parent populations altogether, raise respectively in the glass aquarium of 18 90 × 60 × 60cm, put tile in each aquarium as fish nest.
Water temperature maintains 28 ° of C, and dissolved oxygen is higher than 5.8mg/L, and ammonia-nitrogen content is lower than 0.1mg/L, and salinity is 30 ~ 32.20cm place 36w fluorescent tube illumination above water tank, illumination every day 14h.Throw something and feed every day and break into rotten fresh shrimp and laver, throw something and feed 3 times respectively at 9:00,12:00 and 17:00.”
B. incubating oosperm: " fish-egg ... become silver-shiny ... sunset that afternoon before will attachment fish-egg fish nest take out, transfer to hatching cylinder in.Hatching cylinder adopts the water in parent population cylinder, simulating the action that parent population agitates current, ovum being rolled into a ball and slowly swings back and forth, with oxygen deficit proof by inflating.Then will hatch cylinder shading, prelarva can hatch in the environment of complete darkness, and hatching process continues 30 minutes usually.After 30-60 minutes, by the hatching situation of microvision prelarva, as complete in substantially hatched, can remove shade, dropwise add chlorella algae liquid, and add the wheel animalcule through chlorella strengthening, density is 5-10/liters.”
C, larvae juvenile fish are cultivated: " second day, the prelarva of sucking-off death and cylinder bottom impurity, supplemented algae liquid and wheel animalcule.Every day repeatedly throws something and feeds on a small quantity, ensures the density of wheel animalcule.Throw something and feed wheel animalcule two days later, starts a small amount of shrimps nauplius of throwing something and feeding, and increase the shrimps ratio of throwing something and feeding gradually along with growing of prelarva.At the initial stage of nursery, ensure the chlorella having sufficient density in water body, take out the end every day, supplement algae liquid.To be satiated with food the obvious bulging of prelarva belly of wheel animalcule, to present silver color.
Through the growth of 5 days, the build of growing prelarva faster started to become ellipse from taper, shrimps nauplius of now throwing something and feeding in a large number, and the postlarva belly of being satiated with food presents orange red.Well-developed postlarva can grow head Article 1 leukorrhea at 8-14 days, now increase throw something and feed copepoda and a small amount of powder feed.14-21 days, postlarva middle body striped started to be formed, and fodder of now throwing something and feeding, reduces the input of live bait gradually.At this moment postlarva is transferred to large having in the aquarium improving and filter to feed, make it have larger growing space.21-48 days, young fish length can reach about 1cm, and the black surround of pectoral fin starts to grow, powder feed of now throwing something and feeding completely.48-64 days, clown fish grew into long about the 1.5cm of body, started the striped and the black surround that form afterbody.Now throw something and feed crush pellet.Through the growth of 64-90 days, postlarva grew to long about the 2.5cm of body, and black surround continues to deepen, appearance and parent population are as good as, juvenile fish now also possesses certain resistance and adaptive capacity, more adapts to artificial environment and artificial feed, possess certain commercial value than the wild clown fish fished for.”
But above content not proper scale equalization.
Summary of the invention
For above-mentioned deficiency, technical problem to be solved by this invention is each discontinuous running parameter that research is groped to be suitable for scale and can be reused, and proposes the seedling-cultivating method of a kind of industrialization son clown fish.
The seedling-cultivating method of son clown fish provided by the invention, has the following steps:
A, parent fish rearing
Choose a pair good, energetic, the undamaged son clown fish of body colour to put into breeding groove as parent population and cultivate separately, wherein female fish length is 6.5-7.8cm, and male fish length is 3.2-5cm, puts into the spawning ground of a crock as parent population in breeding groove;
In breeding groove, condition of water quality is: water temperature 26-28 DEG C, salinity 28-32 ‰, and dissolved oxygen is greater than 5mg/L, and ammonia-nitrogen content is lower than 0.1mg/L;
Breeding groove is placed on indoor, intensity of illumination 2000Lux, light application time 14h/d;
By throwing something and feeding, manufactured feed and the broken foot couple parent population of oyster meat carry out fortification, before and after when method is every day 8 between 20 minutes and 14 time before and after respectively to throw something and feed between 20 minutes a manufactured feed, before and after when every day 11 between 20 minutes and 15 time before and after respectively to throw something and feed between 20 minutes a broken end of oyster meat, each feeding volume is respectively 3 ± 1% of fish body weight; Wherein manufactured feed is that every kilogram of basal feed interpolation astaxanthin 100mg and DHA150mg and Vc200mg mixes, and described basal feed is commercially available fish feed.
B, incubating oosperm
Fertilized egg is the parent population natural spawning after fortification, and fertilized egg is viscid egg, is attached to crock inwall, and hatching is directly carried out in breeding groove;
In breeding groove, condition of water quality is constant;
Fertilized egg becomes when having silver color to flash after hatching, at night started to carry out shading to breeding groove, and hatched by prelarva in the environment of complete darkness on the same day;
C, larvae juvenile fish are cultivated
Larvae juvenile fish is cultivated and is continued to carry out in breeding groove, and in breeding groove, condition of water quality is constant;
C1, bait of throwing something and feeding
Removed by parent population immediately after prelarva hatches and bait throwing in, bait is the wheel animalcule of strengthening through marine chlorella 24h, and density is 5-10ind/mL, adds fresh marine chlorella simultaneously, and density is 50000ind/mL;
Prelarva hatches the wheel animalcule rising rear next day and throw something and feed every day and strengthen through marine chlorella 24h for 2 times, feeding volume is that 1st-2d makes the wheel animalcule density in water body remain on 5-10ind/mL, 3rd-5d makes the wheel animalcule density in water body remain on 2-3ind/mL, and 6d plays stopping and throwing something and feeding wheel animalcule;
3d starts halogen worm of throwing something and feeding, the halogen worm thrown something and fed is through strengthening more than 12h with DHA and marine chlorella, feeding volume is that 3rd-6d keeps artemia density in water body at 1-2ind/mL, and 7th-8d keeps artemia density in water body at 0.5-1ind/mL, and 9d plays stopping and throwing something and feeding halogen worm;
7d starts to throw something and feed copepoda, and the copepoda density in 7th-9d maintenance water body is at 1ind/mL, and the copepoda density in 10th-14d maintenance water body is at 0.5ind/mL, and 15d stops throwing something and feeding copepoda;
10d starts the meat gruel shape fresh food made by the raw small animal in the sea of content of phospholipid more than 25% of throwing something and feeding, each feeding volume is 3 ± 1% of fish body weight, number of times 10th-the 19d that throws something and feeds is 5-8 times/d, and the 20-25 is that 2-3 times/d, 26d play stopping and throwing something and feeding fresh food;
20d starts to throw something and feed manufactured feed, and number of times of throwing something and feeding is 4-6 times/d, and each feeding volume is 2 ± 1% of fish body weight;
C2, change moisture cylinder
Prelarva hatches rear front 3d does not change water, and inhale the end 1 time every day, soil pick-up amount is 10%, only adds water, and adds water to former water level every day;
From 4d, start to change water, quantity of exchanged water increases gradually, and to ensure that cultivating water quality remains on ammonia-nitrogen content lower than 0.1mg/L, content of nitrite is lower than 0.01mg/L;
15d divides cylinder, makes cultivation density be reduced to 1000-2000ind/m
3;
30d divides cylinder again, makes cultivation density be down to 400-500ind/m
3, reduce mutually baiting between fry;
Cultivate through 60d, juvenile fish total length reaches 2-3cm, cultivates and terminates.
The seedling-cultivating method of son clown fish provided by the invention, proposing one can the route of industrialized scale equalization, compared with prior art, has more popularization, for the large-scale cultivation of son clown fish provides the foundation.
Alternatively, the seedling-cultivating method of son clown fish provided by the invention, fertilized egg through hatching after become have silver color to flash time, before sunset on the same day, the crock being attached with fertilized egg is transferred in hatching cylinder together with parent population, the shading of hatching cylinder, is transferred back to breeding groove by crock after prelarva hatches again together with parent population.Can avoid because parent fish rearing groove changes and cause Gunther parent fish spawning irregular.
Described hatching cylinder is highly the glass jar of 50cm, and hatching cylinder is provided with water inlet pipe and overflow pipe, and spilling water pipe box has 80 mesh sieve tulles; Water inlet pipe regulating water quality, bolting silk net prevents ovum to run off.The present invention's hatching cylinder used effectively can promote water body flow, reduces the internecine probability of nursery, is conducive to improving survival rate.
Described breeding groove height of water level is 28-35cm.
Described basal feed is the commercially available precious pellet of fish.
The raw small animal clam worm in the sea of described content of phospholipid more than 25% and razor clam.Parent population diet collocation selected by the present invention, effectively can promote Gunther parent fish spawning, and improve archiblast, prelarva incubation rate reaches more than 90%.The collocation of live food of the present invention, effectively can improve survival rate and the growth rate of prelarva, and the body colour of juvenile fish is also more bright-coloured simultaneously.
Embodiment
Son clown fish seedling-cultivating method of the present invention, mainly contains 1, parent population pairing; 2, parent population accelerating; 3, incubating oosperm; 4, larvae juvenile fish cultivates four steps.Concrete operation method is as follows:
A, parent population pairing
Choose a pair good, energetic, the undamaged son clown fish of body colour as parent population, female fish length is 7cm, and male fish length is 4cm.The square glass parent population cylinder they being put into 65cm × 65cm × 50cm is cultivated separately, puts into the spawning ground of a crock as parent population in parent population cylinder.Parent population cylinder is also breeding groove.
Raise two fishes more than the moon and occur that swimming phenomenon altogether represents successful matching.
B, parent population accelerating
The condition of water quality of parent fish rearing is: water temperature 28 DEG C, and salinity 28 ‰, dissolved oxygen is greater than 5mg/L, and ammonia-nitrogen content is lower than 0.1mg/L.The fluorescent tube illumination of 20cm place 20w above parent population cylinder, illumination every day 14h.Throw something and feed every day each 2 times of the oyster of homemade manufactured feed and the shape that is cut into small pieces, Feeding time is respectively 8:00,14:00 and 11:00,17:00.
Lay eggs first through the raising that half a year is many, after this parent population lays eggs 1 time for every about 10 days again.Lay eggs to be placed on all separately in hatching cylinder at every turn and cultivate, this example is got last institute and is laid eggs and make description object.
C, hatching
Get gained fertilized egg of laying eggs for the last time, totally 401 pieces.
Fertilized egg is the parent population natural spawning after fortification, and fertilized egg is viscid egg, is attached to crock inwall, and hatching is directly carried out in parent population cylinder.The condition of water quality of incubating oosperm is: water temperature 26 DEG C, and salinity 30 ‰, dissolved oxygen is greater than 5mg/L, and ammonia-nitrogen content is lower than 0.1mg/L.Hatch after 8d, fertilized egg becomes silver-shiny, to be transferred to by the crock being attached with fertilized egg in the square hatching cylinder of 65cm × 65cm × 50cm hatch in 16:00 together with parent population, and this square hatching cylinder is opaque and have opaque shading cover.Hatch in 20:00 prelarva, after prelarva hatches, crock is transferred back to parent population cylinder together with parent population.
Incubate to obtain prelarva 370 tail.Incubate yield 92.3%.
D, larvae juvenile fish are cultivated
Parent population cylinder water level 30cm, condition of water quality is: water temperature 27 ± 1 DEG C, and salinity 30 ± 2 ‰, dissolved oxygen is greater than 5mg/L, and ammonia-nitrogen content is lower than 0.1mg/L.
Namely start bait throwing in after prelarva hatches, prelarva membrane bait on the same day is the wheel animalcule through marine chlorella strengthening 24h, and density is 5-10ind/mL, adds fresh marine chlorella simultaneously, and density is 50000ind/mL.
Prelarva hatches to rise and carries out throwing something and feeding bait at the best ingest time 6:00-8:00 in the morning of prelarva and 3:00-5:00 in afternoon two time sections rear next day.Throw something and feed number of times from each once, progressively increase number of times by feeding volume requirement.First inhale the end 1 time before throwing something and feeding in 3d, soil pick-up amount is 10% of water level, adds water to former water level after soil pick-up, and the discharge outlet of soil pick-up is collected, to check with 60 order nets.4d rises and starts to increase soil pick-up amount, and make water body obtain changing water, quantity of exchanged water increases gradually, is increased to 200% from 20%, and to ensure that cultivating water quality remains on ammonia-nitrogen content lower than 0.1mg/L, content of nitrite is lower than 0.01mg/L.
1st, 2d, throws something and feeds through the wheel animalcule of marine chlorella strengthening 24h, and feeding volume keeps wheel animalcule density in water to be 5-10ind/mL, and after throwing, 1h checks situation of ingesting.
3rd, 4,5d, throw something and feed through the wheel animalcule of marine chlorella strengthening 24h with through the halogen worm with DHA and marine chlorella strengthening more than 12h, feeding volume keeps wheel animalcule density in water to be 2-3ind/mL, artemia density 1-2ind/mL.
6th day, stop throwing something and feeding wheel animalcule, the feeding volume through the halogen worm with DHA and marine chlorella strengthening more than 12h continues to remain on 1-2ind/mL.
7th, 8d, throws something and feeds through with DHA and the marine chlorella strengthening halogen worm of more than 12h and copepoda, and feeding volume is keep artemia density in water body in 0.5-1ind/mL, copepoda density at 1ind/mL.
9d, stops throwing something and feeding halogen worm, and the copepoda density in the feeding volume continuation maintenance water body of copepoda is at 1ind/mL.
10th-14d, throw something and feed copepoda and the meat gruel that broken into by fresh foods such as clam worm, razor clam meat, the feeding volume of copepoda keeps density in water body at 0.5ind/mL, and feeding volume 5-8 times/d of fresh food, each feeding volume is 3 ± 1% of fish gross weight.
15d, point cylinder, chooses fry large for individuality, makes cultivation density be reduced to 200 tails; Stop throwing something and feeding copepoda, the feeding volume of the meat gruel broken into by fresh foods such as clam worm, razor clam meat keeps 5-8 times/d, and each feeding volume is 3 ± 1% of fish gross weight.
16th-19d, continuation amount keeps 5-8 times/d to throw something and feed the meat gruel broken into by fresh foods such as clam worm, razor clam meat, and each feeding volume is 3 ± 1% of fish gross weight.
20th-25d, the throw something and feed meat gruel and manufactured feed that are broken into by fresh foods such as clam worm, razor clam meat, the feeding volume of meat gruel keeps 2-3 times/d, and each feeding volume is 3 ± 1% of fish gross weight.The feeding volume of manufactured feed is number of times is 4-6 times/d, and each feeding volume is 2 ± 1% of fish gross weight.
26d rises, and stops throwing something and feeding meat gruel, and the feeding volume of manufactured feed continues maintenance 4-6 times/d, and each feeding volume is 2 ± 1% of fish gross weight.
30d divides cylinder again, is chosen by fry large for individuality, makes cultivation density be down to 100 tails.
Within 60 days, cultivate son clown fry 225 afterwards altogether, average length is 2.67cm, survival rate 60.8%.
Claims (6)
1. a seedling-cultivating method for son clown fish, is characterized in that having the following steps:
A, parent fish rearing
Choose a pair good, energetic, the undamaged son clown fish of body colour to put into breeding groove as parent population and cultivate separately, wherein female fish length is 6.5-7.8cm, and male fish length is 3.2-5cm, puts into the spawning ground of a crock as parent population in breeding groove;
In breeding groove, condition of water quality is: water temperature 26-28 DEG C, salinity 28-32 ‰, and dissolved oxygen is greater than 5mg/L, and ammonia-nitrogen content is lower than 0.1mg/L;
Breeding groove is placed on indoor, intensity of illumination 2000Lux, light application time 14h/d;
By throwing something and feeding, manufactured feed and the broken foot couple parent population of oyster meat carry out fortification, before and after when method is every day 8 between 20 minutes and 14 time before and after respectively to throw something and feed between 20 minutes a manufactured feed, before and after when every day 11 between 20 minutes and 15 time before and after respectively to throw something and feed between 20 minutes a broken end of oyster meat, each feeding volume is respectively 3 ± 1% of fish body weight; Wherein manufactured feed is that every kilogram of basal feed interpolation astaxanthin 100mg and DHA150mg and Vc200mg mixes, and described basal feed is commercially available fish feed;
B, incubating oosperm
Fertilized egg is the parent population natural spawning after fortification, and fertilized egg is viscid egg, is attached to crock inwall, and hatching is directly carried out in breeding groove;
In breeding groove, condition of water quality is constant;
Fertilized egg becomes when having silver color to flash after hatching, at night started to carry out shading to breeding groove, and hatched by prelarva in the environment of complete darkness on the same day;
C, larvae juvenile fish are cultivated
Larvae juvenile fish is cultivated and is continued to carry out in breeding groove, and in breeding groove, condition of water quality is constant;
C1, bait of throwing something and feeding
Removed by parent population immediately after prelarva hatches and bait throwing in, bait is the wheel animalcule of strengthening through marine chlorella 24h, and density is 5-10ind/mL, adds fresh marine chlorella simultaneously, and density is 50000ind/mL;
Prelarva hatches the wheel animalcule rising rear next day and throw something and feed every day and strengthen through marine chlorella 24h for 2 times, feeding volume is that 1st-2d makes the wheel animalcule density in water body remain on 5-10ind/mL, 3rd-5d makes the wheel animalcule density in water body remain on 2-3ind/mL, and 6d plays stopping and throwing something and feeding wheel animalcule;
3d starts halogen worm of throwing something and feeding, the halogen worm DHA thrown something and fed and marine chlorella strengthening more than 12h, feeding volume is that 3rd-6d keeps artemia density in water body at 1-2ind/mL, and 7th-8d keeps artemia density in water body at 0.5-1ind/mL, and 9d plays stopping and throwing something and feeding halogen worm;
7d starts to throw something and feed copepoda, and 7th-9d keeps copepoda density in water body at 1ind/mL, and 10th-14d keeps copepoda density in water body at 0.5ind/mL, and 15d plays stopping and throwing something and feeding copepoda;
10d starts the meat gruel shape fresh food made by the raw small animal in the sea of content of phospholipid more than 25% of throwing something and feeding, each feeding volume is 3 ± 1% of fish body weight, number of times 10th-the 19d that throws something and feeds to be 5-8 times/d, 20th-25d be 2-3 times/d, 26d plays stopping and throwing something and feeding fresh food;
20d starts to throw something and feed manufactured feed, and number of times of throwing something and feeding is 4-6 times/d, and each feeding volume is 2 ± 1% of fish body weight;
C2, change moisture cylinder
Prelarva hatches rear front 3d does not change water, and inhale the end 1 time every day, soil pick-up amount is 10%, only adds water, and adds water to former water level every day;
From 4d, start to change water, quantity of exchanged water increases gradually, and to ensure that cultivating water quality remains on ammonia-nitrogen content lower than 0.1mg/L, content of nitrite is lower than 0.01mg/L;
15d divides cylinder, makes cultivation density be reduced to 1000-2000ind/m
3;
30d divides cylinder again, makes cultivation density be down to 400-500ind/m
3, reduce mutually baiting between fry;
Cultivate through 60d, juvenile fish total length reaches 2-3cm, cultivates and terminates.
2. the seedling-cultivating method of son clown fish as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that fertilized egg through hatching after become have silver color to flash time, before sunset on the same day, the crock being attached with fertilized egg is transferred in hatching cylinder together with parent population, the shading of hatching cylinder, is transferred back to breeding groove by crock after prelarva hatches again together with parent population.
3. the seedling-cultivating method of son clown fish as claimed in claim 2, it is characterized in that hatching cylinder is be highly the glass jar of 50cm, hatching cylinder is provided with water inlet pipe and overflow pipe, and spilling water pipe box has 80 mesh sieve tulles; Water inlet pipe regulating water quality, bolting silk net prevents fertilized egg to run off.
4. the seedling-cultivating method of the son clown fish as described in claim 1 or 2 or 3, is characterized in that breeding groove height of water level is 28-35cm.
5. the seedling-cultivating method of son clown fish as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that described basal feed is the commercially available precious pellet of fish.
6. the seedling-cultivating method of son clown fish as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that the raw small animal in the sea of described content of phospholipid more than 25% is clam worm and razor clam.
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CN101878743B (en) * | 2010-06-22 | 2013-06-05 | 中国水产科学研究院南海水产研究所热带水产研究开发中心 | Method for totally-artificial batch culture of parent fish of clown fish |
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