CN101869085B - Method for realizing high-yield clown fish parent fish culture in running water - Google Patents
Method for realizing high-yield clown fish parent fish culture in running water Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for realizing high-yield clown fish parent fish culture in running water, which comprises the following steps: classifying clown fishes from a productbility angle and respectively selecting suitable culture containers; selecting wild clown fish parent fishes or juvenile fishes for artificial pairing; strengthening the simulation of natural environments for egg laying of parent fishes, including the simulation of habitat, water flow and illumination; selecting different maturing baits for maturing the clown fishes according to the different types of clown fishes; and strengthening management during incubation period and reaching the effects of high egg laying amount and high hatching rate of the cultured clown fish parent fishes in a running water culture system. The invention solves the existing common problem that the egg laying amount and the hatching rate of the clown fish parent fishes are low, improves the situation that the culture yield of the clown fishes is low and is of great importance to the industrialized development of clown fish culture.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the method for realizing high-yield clown fish parent fish culture in running water, is in the flowing water culture system clown fish parent population to be cultivated also a kind of method of accelerating acquisition high yield.
Background technology
Clown fish belongs to Pomacentridae (Pomacentridae), sea anemone fish subfamily (Amphiprioninae), traditional taxonomy is divided into two saw fishes to Ben Yake from view of morphology and belongs to (claiming again the sea anemone fish to belong to) (Amphiprion) and sour jujube cheek sea anemone fish genus (Premna), two saw fishes belong to 28 kinds in the world, sour jujube cheek sea anemone fish belongs in the world only a kind, so sea anemone fish subfamily adds up to 2 to belong to 29 kinds.Two saw fishes genus are further divided into again four subgenus (Actinicola, Paramphiprion, Phalerebus and Amphiprion), inner two classes (large eye class and biobelt class) that comprise of two saw fish subgenus (Amphiprion) wherein, so it is 6 classes (complex) that clown fish is divided into, be respectively red class, saddle back class, biobelt class, large eye class, son's class and skunk class (Allen1972; Allen 1991).
Clown fish is elfin lovely in the coral reef, is important tropical seawater pet fish, owing to becoming kind most popular in the seawater Shui nationality with the unique interesting symbiosis of sea anemone.In recent years, the seawater pet fish propagation technique take clown fish as representative has had than quantum jump, and huge commercial opportunities are contained in clown fish breeding industrialization.Although clown fish is just cultivated in aquarium successfully in eighties of last century the seventies, but also fail so far extensively to promote, trace it to its cause, mainly be that current clown fish cultivation technology is utilized aquarium mostly, the serious Shui nationality science and technology that relies on, not only with high content of technology, be difficult for promoting, and the Gunther parent fish spawning amount of cultivating low, production efficiency is not high.Only has 350-400, incubation rate 85-90% such as the report such as Olivotto (2008) biobelt clown egg laying amount; Dhaneesh etc. (2009) report son clown egg laying amount 400-700.
Summary of the invention
The method that the purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of realizing high-yield clown fish parent fish culture in running water, it is adapted at adopting under the continental rise controllable environment flowing water culture mode to carry out a kind of technical method of clown fish parent population high-yield cultivating, namely on the basis of grasping dissimilar clown fish reproductive biology and Ecological Characteristics, by selecting suitable matching method, improving habitat and nutrition accelerating regulation measure targetedly, strengthen the management of incubation period, make the clown fish parent population of cultivation reach egg laying amount height and the high effect of hatchability of fertile eggs.
The method of realizing high-yield clown fish parent fish culture in running water is characterized in that: by from the yielding ability angle clown fish being sorted out, select respectively suitable Cultivation container; Selecting wild clown fish parent population or juvenile fish manually matches; Strengthen the simulation of parent population natural spawning habitat conditions, comprise habitat, current and lighting simulation; Select different accelerating bait to carry out accelerating according to dissimilar clown fish; Strengthen the incubation period management, make the clown fish parent population of cultivation reach egg laying amount height and the high effect of hatchability of fertile eggs in the flowing water culture system.
Cultivate angle from the parent population yielding ability and simply 29 kinds of clown fishs are divided into large-scale clown fish and small-sized clown fish two large classes; Large-scale clown fish comprises saddle back class, biobelt class and saturating red class, and small-sized clown fish comprises large eye class, son's class and skunk class.
Parent fish pond can use continental rise cement pit, Glass fibre reinforced plastic tub or aquarium, depth of water 0.4-0.8 rice, and volume 100-500L, its medium-and-large-sized clown fish parent fish rearing water body is at 250-500L, and small-sized clown fish parent fish rearing water body is with 100-200L; Parent fish pond has separately independently culvert system and oxygenation facility.
Parent population select wild healthy parent population or 1 age above juvenile fish; Following 4 kinds of matching methods are adopted in the clown fish pairing:
1) raun is joined milter: 1 tail raun is joined 1 tail milter and 1 tail juvenile fish, and milter is not attacked juvenile fish if raun is not attacked milter, shows female milter successful matching; , raun shows that milter in the raun conversion process, should remove this milter if attacking milter;
2) raun is joined juvenile fish: 1 tail raun is joined 2 tail juvenile fish, often removes and is attacked juvenile fish;
3) milter is joined juvenile fish: 1 tail milter is joined 2 tail juvenile fish, often removes and is attacked juvenile fish;
4) juvenile fish is joined juvenile fish: the large specification juvenile fish of 1 tail is joined 2 tails than the small dimension juvenile fish, if the maximum specification juvenile fish is not attacked time large specification juvenile fish, removes the minimum gauge juvenile fish, otherwise removes time large specification juvenile fish.
Continue to observe 7 days after the preliminary pairing, the sign of successful matching is that female milter is lived in harmony, commensalism in evening one place; Then show if any obvious fight and match unsuccessfully, need match again, and method is to remove 1 less tail, changes other 1 tail than the small dimension fish, and the fish that shifts out is cultivated as raun, is equipped with more small dimension juvenile fish; Each parent fish pond male and female ratio is 1: 1 after the successful matching.
The parent fish pond ecological simulation:
1) habitat simulation: place a coral and a sea anemone in the parent fish pond, perhaps replace with plastics or ceramic, be used for the clown fish parent population and settle down and lay eggs.
2) water flow simulation: the pairing parent population adopts pipeline mode to cultivate, and every day, flowing water twice, and each 1 time sooner or later, each about 3 hours; Place in the pond and make unrestrained pump, during non-flowing water, open, strengthen the simulation of tidal flow.
3) lighting simulation: adopt natural lighting cycle 12L:12D; Reach the overhung sunshade net with regulating illumination around outdoor parent fish pond, intensity of illumination is controlled at 1000-2000Lux.
4) water quality control: bait throwing in every day is soil pick-up after 1 hour, sucks residual bait and ight soil, keeps water quality pure and fresh; Cultivating water is natural sand filter seawater; Salinity keeps 25-33psu, and water temperature is controlled at 25-30 ℃ of scope.
The daily homemade soft granular bait for fish of throwing something and feeding of small-sized clown fish parent population, large-scale clown fish parent population increases the clam worm of throwing something and feeding a time every other day except the daily self-control soft pellet diet of throwing something and feeding; Soft granular bait for fish preparation method is the rear homogenate that drains away the water of fresh foundation bait, stirs after adding a certain amount of nutrition accelerating hardening agent again, makes rear sealing and places 4 ℃ of refrigerators for subsequent use, and bait was made once in per 3 days; Small-sized clown fish is take prawn as foundation bait, and large-scale clown fish is with shrimp+oyster meat, weight ratio 2: 1; Or shrimp+squid meat, weight ratio is foundation bait at 2: 1; Nutrition accelerating hardening agent is spirulina powder, and addition is 1% of foundation bait weight; The vitamin C addition is 2% of foundation bait weight; The astaxanthin of purity more than 1.5%, addition are 2% and cholesterol of foundation bait weight, and addition is 2% of foundation bait weight; The clam worm feeding method: with scissors clam worm is cut into the long segment of 1-2cm, the daily bait feeding clam worm of throwing something and feeding after 1 hour, every pair of parent population is thrown something and fed 5 times at every turn, and is every all over throwing something and feeding the 2-3 section.
Hatching is in parent fish pond or take out pieces of an egg and carry out in hatching pail:
1) hatch in the parent fish pond: whole hatching process should be noted and keep water stabilization and avoid the artificial disturbance parent population, with siphon, dredger or water ladle prelarva moved in grow seedlings bucket or the cylinder after need utilizing immediately the phototaxis of prelarva that fish is concentrated after the hatching;
2) hatch in the hatching pail: need to keep continuous current, removing dead ovum, and take fungus-proof measure, namely throw in once common aquatic products antibiotic every day;
Strengthen monitoring water quality between the incubation period, water temperature keeps 25-30 ℃; Salinity 25-33psu; Dissolved oxygen 6-8mg/L; Illumination 500-1000Lux; Brooding time 5-8 days.
Remarkable result of the present invention has: the present invention notes holding clown fish parent fish rearing links, by optimizing the parent population matching method, strengthen the parent population environment regulation measure that accelerates the ripening, manual simulation's natural ecological condition, strengthen the parent population nutrition regulation measure that accelerates the ripening, the clown fish parent population of cultivation is efficiently laid eggs, lay eggs and manage between the rear reinforcement incubation period, obtain high hatchability.Adopt method of the present invention, small-sized clown fish such as son clown egg laying amount reach 500-900, and the report such as average specific Dhaneesh (2009) 400-700 increases by 25%; Large-scale clown fish such as biobelt clown stablize egg laying amount between 1500-3000, and the report such as average specific Olivotto (2008) 350-400 increases by 500%; The egg hatching rate that small-sized clown fish and large-scale clown fish parent population produce is all more than 90%, and effect is remarkable.The present invention can solve present clown fish Gunther parent fish spawning amount and hang down and the low common problem of incubation rate, thereby improves the low present situation of clown fish cultured output, and is significant to the development of clown fish aquaculture industry.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1:
In April, 2008, to each 3 pairs of parent population of large-scale clown fish biobelt clown and saddle back clown at 0.5m
3Cultivate every barrel of female hero in the Glass fibre reinforced plastic tub.Place a coral and a sea anemone in the parent fish pond, be used for the clown fish parent population and settle down and lay eggs.The pairing parent fish rearing adopts pipeline mode to carry out, and every day, flowing water twice, and each 1 time sooner or later, each about 3 hours.Place 10w in each pond and make unrestrained pump, when flowing water stops, opening, to strengthen the tidal flow simulation.Cultivating water is that natural sand filter seawater is good.Salinity keeps 25-33psu, and water temperature is controlled at 25-30 ℃.The natural lighting condition, that cultivates bucket reaches the overhung sunshade net on every side with regulating illumination, and intensity of illumination is controlled at 1000-2000Lux.
The parent population homemade soft granular bait for fish of throwing something and feeding, preparation method are the rear homogenate that drains away the water of fresh foundation bait, stir after adding a certain amount of nutrition accelerating hardening agent again, make rear sealing and place 4 ℃ of refrigerators for subsequent use, and bait was made once in per 3 days.Take shrimp+oyster meat (weight ratio 2: 1) as foundation bait; Nutrition accelerating hardening agent is astaxanthin more than 1.5% of spirulina powder (addition be foundation bait weight 1%), vitamin C (addition be foundation bait weight 2%), purity (addition be foundation bait weight 2%) and cholesterol (addition be foundation bait weight 2%).Bait throwing in every day is soil pick-up after 1 hour, sucks residual bait and ight soil, keeps water quality pure and fresh.
In August, 2008, the pairing parent population lays eggs successively, equal stable the laying eggs of whole parent populations of in November, 2008, and egg laying amount all is stabilized in certain limit.Biobelt clown egg laying amount 1000-1500 grain, incubation rate is stabilized in about 80%; Saddle back clown egg laying amount 1000-1500 grain, incubation rate 50-80%.
Begin to add every other day in December, 2008 and throw a clam worm, clam worm is cut into the segment of 1-2cm with scissors, the daily bait feeding clam worm of throwing something and feeding after 1 hour, every pair of parent population is thrown something and fed 5 times at every turn, the every time 2-3 section of throwing something and feeding.In January, 2009, biobelt clown egg laying amount increased gradually, and in February, 2009, egg laying amount was stabilized in the 1500-3000 grain, reached individually about 4000, and incubation rate is more than 90%.In February, 2009, saddle back clown egg laying amount was stabilized between the 1200-2000 grain, and incubation rate is more than 80%.
Adopt present technique, large-scale fish such as biobelt clown stablize egg laying amount between 1500-3000, and 350-400 increases about 500% than the report such as Olivotto (2008), and effect is remarkable.
Embodiment 2:
In March, 2009, to each 3 pairs of parent population of the red clown of small-sized clown fish and son clown at 0.5m
3Cultivate every barrel of female hero in the Glass fibre reinforced plastic tub.Place a coral and a sea anemone in the parent fish pond, be used for the clown fish parent population and settle down and lay eggs.The pairing parent fish rearing adopts pipeline mode to carry out, and every day, flowing water twice, and each 1 time sooner or later, each about 3 hours.Place 10w in each pond and make unrestrained pump, when flowing water stops, opening, to strengthen the tidal flow simulation.Cultivating water is that natural sand filter seawater is good.Salinity keeps 25-33psu, and water temperature is controlled at 25-30 ℃.The natural lighting condition, that cultivates bucket reaches the overhung sunshade net on every side with regulating illumination, and intensity of illumination is controlled at 1000-2000Lux.
The parent population homemade soft granular bait for fish of throwing something and feeding, preparation method are the rear homogenate that drains away the water of fresh foundation bait, stir after adding a certain amount of nutrition accelerating hardening agent again, make rear sealing and place 4 ℃ of refrigerators for subsequent use, and bait was made once in per 3 days.Take prawn as foundation bait; Nutrition accelerating hardening agent is astaxanthin more than 1.5% of spirulina powder (addition be foundation bait weight 1%), vitamin C (addition be foundation bait weight 2%), purity (addition be foundation bait weight 2%) and cholesterol (addition be foundation bait weight 2%).Bait throwing in every day is soil pick-up after 1 hour, sucks residual bait and ight soil, keeps water quality pure and fresh.
In August, 2009, the pairing parent population lays eggs successively, equal stable the laying eggs of whole parent populations of in November, 2009, and egg laying amount all is stabilized in certain limit.Wherein red clown's egg laying amount is the 1000-1500 tail, and incubation rate is more than 90%; Son clown egg laying amount 500-900 grain, incubation rate is more than 90%.
Adopt present technique, small-sized fish such as son clown egg laying amount 500-900,400-700 increases 25-30% than the report such as Dhaneesh (2009), and effect is remarkable.
The above results shows, provided by the present inventionly a kind ofly be adapted under the continental rise controllable environment adopting the flowing water culture mode to carry out a kind of method of clown fish parent population high-yield cultivating, improve the incubation rate of Gunther parent fish spawning amount and fertilized egg, thereby improved the output of clown fish artificial propagation.
The present invention is not limited in the scope of above-mentioned specific embodiment, and above-mentioned embodiment only is in order to be described in detail the wild parent population high-yield cultivating method of clown fish of the present invention and process.In fact, those skilled in the art are according to the description of preamble, just can obtain high yield to the parent fish rearing of variety classes clown fish according to needs separately, and these all should be in the scope of this paper institute appending claims.
Claims (1)
1. the method for realizing high-yield clown fish parent fish culture in running water is characterized in that: by from the yielding ability angle clown fish being sorted out, select respectively suitable Cultivation container; Selecting wild clown fish parent population or juvenile fish manually matches; Strengthen the simulation of parent population natural spawning habitat conditions, comprise habitat, current and lighting simulation; Select different accelerating bait to carry out accelerating according to dissimilar clown fish; Strengthen the incubation period management, make the clown fish parent population of cultivation reach egg laying amount height and the high effect of hatchability of fertile eggs in the flowing water culture system:
(1) cultivates angle from the parent population yielding ability and simply 29 kinds of clown fishs are divided into large-scale clown fish and small-sized clown fish two large classes; Large-scale clown fish comprises saddle back class, biobelt class and saturating red class, and small-sized clown fish comprises large eye class, son's class and skunk class;
(2) parent fish pond can use continental rise cement pit, Glass fibre reinforced plastic tub or aquarium, depth of water 0.4-0.8 rice, and volume 100-500L, its medium-and-large-sized clown fish parent fish rearing water body is at 250-500L, and small-sized clown fish parent fish rearing water body is with 100-200L; Parent fish pond has separately independently culvert system and oxygenation facility;
(3) following 4 kinds of matching methods are adopted in the clown fish pairing:
1) raun is joined milter: 1 tail raun is joined 1 tail milter and 1 tail juvenile fish, and milter is not attacked juvenile fish if raun is not attacked milter, shows female milter successful matching; , raun shows that milter in the raun conversion process, should remove this milter if attacking milter;
2) raun is joined juvenile fish: 1 tail raun is joined 2 tail juvenile fish, often removes and is attacked juvenile fish;
3) milter is joined juvenile fish: 1 tail milter is joined 2 tail juvenile fish, often removes and is attacked juvenile fish;
4) juvenile fish is joined juvenile fish: the large specification juvenile fish of 1 tail is joined 2 tails than the small dimension juvenile fish, if the maximum specification juvenile fish is not attacked time large specification juvenile fish, removes the minimum gauge juvenile fish, otherwise removes time large specification juvenile fish;
Continue to observe 7 days after the preliminary pairing, the sign of successful matching is that female milter is lived in harmony, commensalism in evening one place; Then show if any obvious fight and match unsuccessfully, need match again, and method is to remove 1 less tail, changes other 1 tail than the small dimension fish, and the fish that shifts out is cultivated as raun, is equipped with more small dimension juvenile fish; Each parent fish pond male and female ratio is 1: 1 after the successful matching;
(4) parent fish pond ecological simulation:
1) habitat simulation: place a coral and a sea anemone in the parent fish pond, perhaps replace with plastics or ceramic, be used for the clown fish parent population and settle down and lay eggs;
2) water flow simulation: the pairing parent population adopts pipeline mode to cultivate, and every day, flowing water twice, and each 1 time sooner or later, each about 3 hours; Place in the pond and make unrestrained pump, during non-flowing water, open, strengthen the simulation of tidal flow;
3) lighting simulation: adopt natural lighting cycle 12L: 12D; Reach the overhung sunshade net with regulating illumination around outdoor parent fish pond, intensity of illumination is controlled at 1000-2000Lux;
4) water quality control: bait throwing in every day is soil pick-up after 1 hour, sucks residual bait and ight soil, keeps water quality pure and fresh; Cultivating water is natural sand filter seawater; Salinity keeps 25-33psu, and water temperature is controlled at 25-30 ℃ of scope;
(5) the daily homemade soft granular bait for fish of throwing something and feeding of small-sized clown fish parent population, large-scale clown fish parent population increases the clam worm of throwing something and feeding a time every other day except the daily self-control soft pellet diet of throwing something and feeding; Soft granular bait for fish preparation method is the rear homogenate that drains away the water of fresh foundation bait, stirs after adding a certain amount of nutrition accelerating hardening agent again, makes rear sealing and places 4 ℃ of refrigerators for subsequent use, and bait was made once in per 3 days; Small-sized clown fish is take prawn as foundation bait, and large-scale clown fish is with shrimp+oyster meat, weight ratio 2: 1; Or shrimp+squid meat, weight ratio is foundation bait at 2: 1; Nutrition accelerating hardening agent is spirulina powder, and addition is 1% of foundation bait weight; The vitamin C addition is 2% of foundation bait weight; The astaxanthin of purity more than 1.5%, addition are 2% and cholesterol of foundation bait weight, and addition is 2% of foundation bait weight; The clam worm feeding method: with scissors clam worm is cut into the long segment of 1-2cm, the daily bait feeding clam worm of throwing something and feeding after 1 hour, every pair of parent population is thrown something and fed 5 times at every turn, and is every all over throwing something and feeding the 2-3 section;
(6) hatching is in parent fish pond or take out pieces of an egg and carry out in hatching pail:
1) hatch in the parent fish pond: whole hatching process should be noted and keep water stabilization and avoid the artificial disturbance parent population, with siphon, dredger or water ladle prelarva moved in grow seedlings bucket or the cylinder after need utilizing immediately the phototaxis of prelarva that fish is concentrated after the hatching;
2) hatch in the hatching pail: need to keep continuous current, removing dead ovum, and take fungus-proof measure, namely throw in once common aquatic products antibiotic every day; Strengthen monitoring water quality between the incubation period, water temperature keeps 25-30 ℃; Salinity 25-33psu; Dissolved oxygen 6-8mg/L; Illumination 500-1000Lux; Brooding time 5-8 days.
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Families Citing this family (12)
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| CN102487866B (en) * | 2011-12-06 | 2013-06-05 | 中国水产科学研究院东海水产研究所 | Large-scale natural propagation method for artificially culturing siganus guttatus parents |
| CN102613113A (en) * | 2012-03-09 | 2012-08-01 | 海南大学 | Method for increasing body colors of artificially-bred anemone fish of coral reef fish |
| CN104170777B (en) * | 2014-08-06 | 2016-01-27 | 浙江华兴水产科技有限公司 | The seedling-cultivating method of son clown fish |
| CN105594638A (en) * | 2015-12-17 | 2016-05-25 | 中国水产科学研究院东海水产研究所 | Method for obtaining illumination intensity suitable for growth and development of juvenile pomfret |
| CN107318720B (en) * | 2017-08-02 | 2023-04-14 | 中国水产科学研究院南海水产研究所 | A clownfish hatching egg collection device |
| CN107873574A (en) * | 2017-09-18 | 2018-04-06 | 芜湖新华联文化旅游开发有限公司 | A kind of clown fish is in subtropical zone cultural method |
| CN110353095A (en) * | 2019-09-03 | 2019-10-22 | 中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所 | It is a kind of to be not easy the chilled feed of defeated and dispersed clown fish and its preparation and feeding method |
| CN111134249A (en) * | 2020-02-20 | 2020-05-12 | 中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所 | Particle feed for clownfish broodstock reproduction and preparation method |
| CN112088811B (en) * | 2020-09-28 | 2022-03-25 | 海南热带海洋学院 | Clown fish culture method |
| TWI815169B (en) * | 2021-08-23 | 2023-09-11 | 國立屏東科技大學 | Method for cultivation of anemonefish to improve efficiency of spawning |
| CN114097684B (en) * | 2021-09-29 | 2023-02-24 | 三亚热带水产研究院 | A breeding and breeding device for blue crabs based on the Internet of Things |
| CN116391649B (en) * | 2023-03-31 | 2024-05-10 | 福建省水产研究所（福建水产病害防治中心） | Method for fully artificial cultivation of parent clown fish by gonad maturation promotion |
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