CN115443930B - Parent shrimp cultivation method for litopenaeus vannamei with stable spawning period - Google Patents
Parent shrimp cultivation method for litopenaeus vannamei with stable spawning period Download PDFInfo
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- CN115443930B CN115443930B CN202211054283.9A CN202211054283A CN115443930B CN 115443930 B CN115443930 B CN 115443930B CN 202211054283 A CN202211054283 A CN 202211054283A CN 115443930 B CN115443930 B CN 115443930B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/50—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish
- A01K61/59—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish of crustaceans, e.g. lobsters or shrimps
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/80—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for aquatic animals, e.g. fish, crustaceans or molluscs
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
Abstract
The invention provides a parent shrimp cultivation method of litopenaeus vannamei with stable spawning period, which comprises the steps of carrying out sectional illumination cultivation 60-65 days before spawning of parent shrimp cultivation, (1) breeding male parent shrimps in separate tanks, reducing the water temperature from normal temperature to 16-18 ℃, and carrying out illumination cultivation for a long time at 20L/4D-18L/6D per day by 300-500 Lux; (2) Raising the water temperature to 27-29 ℃, maintaining constant water temperature, and adjusting the illumination intensity to be 8L/16D-9L/15D for short-time illumination cultivation every day for 800-900 Lux; the filtered seawater micro-current with the salinity of 29-31 per mill is adopted to stimulate the seawater micro-current with the temperature difference less than or equal to 2 ℃; according to the invention, by combining low-temperature long-time illumination with constant-temperature short-time illumination and combining micro-water flow stimulation of high-salinity filtered seawater, the growth rate of parent shrimps is obviously improved, the spawning period of the parent shrimps of the litopenaeus vannamei is shortened, and the more stable spawning period and high spawning quantity of the parent shrimps of the litopenaeus vannamei are realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of aquaculture, in particular to a parent shrimp cultivation method for litopenaeus vannamei with stable spawning period.
Background
Litopenaeus vannamei (Litopenaeus vannamei), also known as Penaeus vannamei, has the advantages of fast growth, strong anti-stress capability, delicious meat taste, easiness in intensive culture and the like, and is a main prawn culture variety in China.
With the continuous development of the shrimp culture industry, the fine breed cultivation of the parent shrimps of the litopenaeus vannamei is an important basis for the production of fine breed seedlings, but the parent shrimps of the prior large part of excellent litopenaeus vannamei still need to rely on import, and in the parent shrimp cultivation process of the litopenaeus vannamei, the gonad development, the mature rhythm, the mating rate and other propagation characteristics of the parent shrimps determine the production of the fine breed. The current parent litopenaeus vannamei cultivation is easily affected by the quality of artificial cultivation, feeding conditions and the like, so that the gonad maturation and normal reproduction activity of the parent litopenaeus vannamei are seriously hindered, and the problems of slow gonad development, long spawning interval, small spawning quantity, low offspring quality and low hatching rate are caused. Therefore, the parent shrimp cultivation method of the litopenaeus vannamei is continuously optimized to enhance the reproductive performance of the litopenaeus vannamei, thereby being beneficial to realizing the production of stable excellent offspring seeds and promoting the continuous and stable development of the litopenaeus vannamei cultivation industry.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention provides a parent shrimp cultivation method for litopenaeus vannamei with stable spawning period.
The technical scheme of the invention is realized as follows:
the invention provides a parent shrimp cultivation method of litopenaeus vannamei with stable spawning period, which comprises the steps of carrying out sectional illumination cultivation 60-65d before spawning in parent shrimp cultivation, wherein the specific cultivation conditions are as follows:
(1) Low temperature long-term illumination stage: the female parent shrimp and the male parent shrimp are bred in separate pools, the water temperature is gradually reduced from normal temperature to 16-18 ℃ at a rate of reducing the temperature by 1-1.5 ℃ per day, and the female parent shrimp and the male parent shrimp are cultivated by long-time illumination with illumination intensity of 300-500Lux per day of 20L/4D-18L/6D per day;
(2) Constant temperature short-time illumination stage: raising the water temperature to 27-29 ℃ at a rate of 1-1.5 ℃ per day, maintaining constant water temperature, and adjusting the illumination intensity to 8L/16D-9L/15D per day under 800-900Lux for short-time illumination cultivation; and filtering seawater with salinity of 29-31%o at intervals of 2-3 days, which is lower than the water temperature difference of the pool by less than or equal to 2 ℃, and performing micro water flow stimulation at the flow speed of 0.08-0.15 m/s;
in the segmented illumination cultivation, biological baits and compound feeds are adopted according to the mass ratio of 2-3:1, and the feeding frequency is as follows: the daily feeding amount of the feed is 3-5% of the weight of parent shrimps for 2 times/day.
Further illustratively, the period of the low temperature long-term light incubation is 35-40d.
Further, in the constant-temperature short-time illumination stage, the illumination intensity is controlled to be 300-500Lux before the water temperature is raised to 27-29 ℃, and the parent shrimp is cultivated in 10L/14D of illumination time per day.
Further, the biological bait is clamworm, clam meat emulsion and zooplankton eggs with the mass ratio of 4:1:3; the zooplankton eggs comprise artemia cysts and artemia cysts.
Further, filtered seawater with the salinity of 30 per mill and the temperature difference with the pool water of less than or equal to 2 ℃ is adopted every 3 days, and micro water flow stimulation is carried out at the flow speed of 0.1 m/s.
Further, the filtered seawater is used to replace 10-13% of the water in the cultivation pond when the micro water flow is stimulated.
Further, the male and female parent shrimps are co-bred in the same pool 7-10d before spawning, gonadotropic maturation treatment is carried out on the female shrimps 3-5d before spawning, and single-sided eye stems of the female shrimps are removed.
Further, in the first week after spawning, the feeding frequency is increased to 3 times per day, and the daily feeding amount is 3-5% of the parent shrimp weight.
Further described, the parent shrimp cultivated by the sectional illumination has the density of 10-12 tails/m 2
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) According to the invention, the sectional illumination cultivation is carried out before spawning of the parent shrimps of the litopenaeus vannamei, and the combination of low-temperature long-time illumination and constant-temperature short-time illumination cultivation is adopted, so that the growth rate of the parent shrimps is obviously improved, the gonad development of the parent shrimps of the litopenaeus vannamei is promoted, and the reproductive performance of the parent shrimps is improved.
(2) According to the invention, through the micro-water flow stimulation of the high-salinity filtered seawater under the stimulation of the short-time higher illumination intensity, the spawning period of the parent shrimps of the litopenaeus vannamei can be shortened, the more stable spawning period of the parent shrimps of the litopenaeus vannamei is realized, the spawning quantity is high, the stable quality of the offspring seed production is facilitated, and the hatching rate can be more than 78.8%.
(3) According to the invention, clamworm, clam meat emulsion and zooplankton eggs are used as biological baits to be fed in combination with the compound feed, so that the growth and development of parent shrimps under segmented illumination cultivation are well promoted, and the gonad maturation of the parent shrimps is accelerated.
Detailed Description
In order to better understand the technical content of the present invention, the following provides specific examples to further illustrate the present invention.
The experimental methods used in the embodiment of the invention are conventional methods unless otherwise specified.
Materials, reagents and the like used in the embodiment of the invention can be obtained from commercial sources unless otherwise specified; L/D refers to the time of light and darkness.
Example 1-parent penaeus vannamei cultivation method for promoting stable spawning period, comprising the step of carrying out sectional illumination cultivation 60 days before spawning of parent penaeus vannamei cultivation, wherein specific cultivation conditions are as follows:
(1) Low temperature long-term illumination stage: separating the female parent shrimp and the male parent shrimp into pools for feeding, wherein the density is 10 tails/m 2 Gradually reducing the water temperature from normal temperature 25 ℃ to 16 ℃ at a rate of reducing 1 ℃ per day, and culturing for 40D under long-time illumination with the illumination intensity of 300Lux and 20L/4D per day;
(2) Constant temperature short-time illumination stage: raising the water temperature to 27 ℃ at a rate of 1 ℃ per day, maintaining constant water temperature, and adjusting the illumination intensity to 8L/16D per day under 800Lux for short-time illumination cultivation; and adopting filtered seawater with the salinity of 29 per mill and the water temperature difference of less than or equal to 2 ℃ every 2 days, carrying out micro-water flow stimulation at the flow speed of 0.08m/s, and replacing 13% of the cultivation pond water by the filtered seawater;
in the segmented illumination cultivation, biological baits and compound feeds are adopted according to the mass ratio of 2:1, carrying out combined feeding, wherein the biological baits are clamworm, clam meat emulsion and zooplankton eggs with the mass ratio of 4:1:3; zooplankton eggs comprise artemia cysts and artemia cysts, and the feeding frequency is as follows: 2 times per day, the daily feeding amount is 3% of the parent shrimp weight;
and (3) co-culturing female parent shrimps in the same pond 7d before spawning, performing gonadotrophin maturation treatment on the female shrimps 3d before spawning, removing eye stems on one side of the female shrimps, and increasing the feeding frequency to 3 times/day within the first week after spawning, wherein the daily feeding amount is 3% of the weight of the parent shrimps.
Example 2-parent shrimp cultivation method of litopenaeus vannamei with stable spawning period, comprising the step of carrying out sectional illumination cultivation for 65 days before spawning of parent shrimp cultivation, wherein specific cultivation conditions are as follows:
(1) Low temperature long-term illumination stage: separating the female parent shrimp and the male parent shrimp into pools for feeding, wherein the density is 12 tails/m 2 Gradually reducing water temperature from normal temperature 25 deg.C to 18 deg.C at a rate of 1.5 deg.C per day, and illuminating with strong lightLong-time illumination cultivation for 35D with the degree of 500Lux and the daily of 18L/6D;
(2) Constant temperature short-time illumination stage: raising the water temperature to 29 ℃ at a rate of 1-1.5 ℃ per day, maintaining a constant water temperature, controlling the illumination intensity to be 500Lux before raising the water temperature to 29 ℃, carrying out parent shrimp cultivation in an illumination time period of 10L/14D per day, and adjusting the illumination intensity to be 9L/15D per day under 900Lux after reaching a specified temperature; and adopting filtered seawater with the salinity of 31 per mill and the water temperature difference of less than or equal to 2 ℃ every 3 days, carrying out micro-water flow stimulation at the flow speed of 0.15m/s, and replacing 10% of the cultivation pond water by the filtered seawater;
in the segmented illumination cultivation, biological baits and compound feeds are adopted according to the mass ratio of 2-3:1, carrying out combined feeding, wherein the biological baits are clamworm, clam meat emulsion and zooplankton eggs with the mass ratio of 4:1:3; zooplankton eggs comprise artemia cysts and artemia cysts, and the feeding frequency is as follows: 2 times per day, the daily feeding amount is 5% of the parent shrimp weight;
the male and female parent shrimps are co-bred in the same pool 10d before spawning, gonadotropy maturation treatment of the female shrimps is carried out 5d before spawning, single-side eye handles of the female shrimps are removed, the feeding frequency is increased to 3 times/day in the first week after spawning, and the daily feeding amount is 5% of the parent shrimp weight.
Example 3-parent shrimp cultivation method of litopenaeus vannamei with stable spawning period, comprising the steps of carrying out sectional illumination cultivation 60-65d before spawning of parent shrimp cultivation, wherein specific cultivation conditions are as follows:
(1) Low temperature long-term illumination stage: separating the female parent shrimp and the male parent shrimp into pools for feeding, wherein the density is 11 tails/m 2 Gradually reducing the water temperature from the normal temperature of 25 ℃ to 17 ℃ at a rate of reducing 1.5 ℃ per day, and culturing for 38 days under long-time illumination with the illumination intensity of 400Lux and 18L/6D per day;
(2) Constant temperature short-time illumination stage: raising the water temperature to 28 ℃ at a rate of 1.5 ℃ per day, maintaining a constant water temperature, controlling the illumination intensity to 400Lux before raising the water temperature to 28 ℃, carrying out parent shrimp cultivation in an illumination time length of 10L/14D per day, and adjusting the illumination intensity to be 8L/16D per day under 900Lux after reaching a specified temperature; and the filtered seawater with the salinity of 30 per mill and the water temperature difference of less than or equal to 2 ℃ is adopted every 3 days, micro water flow stimulation is carried out at the flow speed of 0.1m/s, and 12 percent of the cultivation pond water is replaced by the filtered seawater;
in the segmented illumination cultivation, biological baits and compound feeds are adopted according to the mass ratio of 2-3:1, carrying out combined feeding, wherein the biological baits are clamworm, clam meat emulsion and zooplankton eggs with the mass ratio of 4:1:3; zooplankton eggs comprise artemia cysts and artemia cysts, and the feeding frequency is as follows: 2 times per day, the daily feeding amount is 4% of the parent shrimp weight;
the male and female parent shrimps are co-bred in the same pool 8d before spawning, gonadotropy maturation treatment of the female shrimps is carried out 4d before spawning, single-side eye handles of the female shrimps are removed, the feeding frequency is increased to 3 times/day in the first week after spawning, and the daily feeding amount is 4% of the parent shrimp weight.
Comparative example 1-a method for breeding parent shrimps of litopenaeus vannamei with stable spawning period, as in example 3, wherein conditions for micro-current stimulation of filtered seawater are adjusted, specifically: the filtered seawater with the salinity of 26 per mill and the water temperature difference of less than or equal to 2 ℃ is adopted to carry out micro-water flow stimulation at the flow speed of 0.1m/s, and 12 percent of the cultivation pond water is replaced by the filtered seawater; the remaining incubation conditions were the same as in example 3.
Comparative example 2-parent shrimp cultivation method of litopenaeus vannamei with stable spawning period, as in example 3, the sectional light cultivation, wherein conditions of constant temperature short time light stage are adjusted, specifically: the culture was carried out with short-time illumination of 8L/16D per day while maintaining the illumination intensity at 400Lux, and the conditions for the stimulation of the filtered seawater micro-stream as in example 3 were controlled, and the rest of the culture conditions were the same as in example 3.
Comparative example 3-parent shrimp cultivation method of litopenaeus vannamei with stable spawning period, adopting constant-duration illumination condition for parent shrimp cultivation, specifically comprising the following steps:
(1) Separating the female parent shrimp and the male parent shrimp into pools for feeding, wherein the density is 11 tails/m 2 Gradually reducing the water temperature from normal temperature to 17 ℃ at a rate of reducing the water temperature by 1.5 ℃ per day, and culturing for 38 days under 12L/12D light with the light intensity of 400Lux per day;
(2) Constant temperature short-time illumination stage: raising the water temperature to 28 ℃ at a rate of 1.5 ℃ per day, maintaining a constant water temperature, controlling the illumination intensity to 400Lux before raising the water temperature to 28 ℃, carrying out parent shrimp cultivation in an illumination time length of 10L/14D per day, and adjusting the illumination cultivation in an illumination intensity of 12L/12D per day under 900Lux after reaching a specified temperature; the remaining incubation conditions were the same as in example 3.
Example 4-the invention selects parent shrimps of Litopenaeus vannamei of the same batch, equal size, strong constitution and immature ovary for cultivation experiments, the initial weight is 40+/-1.35 g, and the body length is: 15+ -0.51 cm, the experiment was designed as: the parent shrimps of the litopenaeus vannamei of examples 1 to 3 and comparative examples 1 to 3 were randomly grouped, and 50 male and female shrimps of each group were each subjected to 3 replicates, using the parent shrimp cultivation method of the litopenaeus vannamei of examples 1 to 6. The cultivation management under the same conditions is carried out on each experiment 1-6, the cultivation conditions such as the same dissolved oxygen amount, ammonia nitrogen amount, nitrite content, water depth and the like of the water body are maintained, water is changed at regular time, the residual bait and feces are salvaged, and each index of the reproductive performance of each parent shrimp is observed and counted at regular time, and the results are shown in the following table:
weight gain WGR,% = (final body weight-initial body weight)/initial body weight×100
Length increase GLR,% = (final length-initial length)/initial length×100
Relative spawning quantity 10 3 G = total egg yield/parent shrimp body weight
Gonadal index GSI,% = gonadal weight/parent shrimp weight x 100
Time difference between spawning period h = two consecutive mature spawning times of the same parent shrimp individual
As can be seen from the table, in the parent shrimp cultivation process of the litopenaeus vannamei, the sectional illumination cultivation is carried out before the spawning of the parent shrimps, the growth rate of the parent shrimps is obviously improved under the combination of low-temperature long-time illumination and constant-temperature short-time illumination cultivation, meanwhile, the gonad development of the parent shrimps is excellent, the spawning period of the parent shrimps is shortened, the more stable spawning period of the parent shrimps of the litopenaeus vannamei is realized, and the hatching rate of experiments 1-3 can be kept above 78.8%. In experiment 4, the salinity of the filtered seawater is reduced, and the micro water flow stimulation of the filtered seawater with lower salinity influences the reproductive capacity of the parent shrimps of the litopenaeus vannamei compared with experiment 3; in example 5, the intensity of constant temperature short-time illumination is reduced, the reproductive performance of parent shrimps is obviously reduced, the gonad development of the parent shrimps is slowed down, the spawning quantity is reduced, and the spawning interval is prolonged; therefore, the micro water flow stimulation of the high-salinity filtered seawater under the stimulation of short-time higher illumination intensity can shorten the spawning period of the parent shrimps of the litopenaeus vannamei, realize more stable spawning period of the parent shrimps of the litopenaeus vannamei and have high spawning quantity; in experiment 6, the illumination condition with constant duration is adopted for parent shrimp cultivation, the influence on the reproductive performance of the parent shrimp is not obvious, the growth rate of the parent shrimp is obviously slowed down, and the illumination duration of the parent shrimp is regulated and controlled in the process of segmented illumination cultivation, so that the reproductive performance of the parent shrimp is ensured, and the growth rate of the parent shrimp is accelerated.
The foregoing description of the preferred embodiments of the invention is not intended to be limiting, but rather is intended to cover all modifications, equivalents, alternatives, and improvements that fall within the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (8)
1. A parent shrimp cultivation method of litopenaeus vannamei with stable spawning period is characterized in that: the method comprises the steps of carrying out sectional illumination cultivation 60-65d before spawning in parent shrimp cultivation, wherein the specific cultivation conditions are as follows:
(1) Low temperature long-term illumination stage: the female parent shrimp and the male parent shrimp are bred in separate pools, the water temperature is gradually reduced from normal temperature to 16-18 ℃ at a rate of reducing the temperature by 1-1.5 ℃ per day, and the female parent shrimp and the male parent shrimp are cultivated by long-time illumination with illumination intensity of 300-500Lux per day of 20L/4D-18L/6D per day;
(2) Constant temperature short-time illumination stage: raising the water temperature to 27-29 ℃ at a rate of 1-1.5 ℃ per day, maintaining constant water temperature, and adjusting the illumination intensity to 8L/16D-9L/15D per day under 800-900Lux for short-time illumination cultivation; and filtering seawater with salinity of 29-31%o at intervals of 2-3 days, which is lower than the water temperature difference of the pool by less than or equal to 2 ℃, and performing micro water flow stimulation at the flow speed of 0.08-0.15 m/s;
in the segmented illumination cultivation, biological baits and compound feeds are adopted according to the mass ratio of 2-3:1, and the feeding frequency is as follows: 2-3 times per day, wherein the daily feeding amount is 3-5% of the parent shrimp weight;
and (3) co-culturing female parent shrimps in the same pond 7-10d before spawning, performing gonadotrophin maturation treatment on the female shrimps 3-5d before spawning, and removing single-sided eye handles of the female shrimps.
2. The method for cultivating parent litopenaeus vannamei with stable spawning period as in claim 1, further comprising the steps of: the period of the low-temperature long-time illumination cultivation is 35-40d.
3. The method for cultivating parent litopenaeus vannamei with stable spawning period as in claim 1, further comprising the steps of: in the constant-temperature short-time illumination stage, before the water temperature is raised to 27-29 ℃, the illumination intensity is controlled to be 300-500Lux, and the parent shrimp is cultivated in the illumination time of 10L/14D per day.
4. The method for cultivating parent litopenaeus vannamei with stable spawning period as in claim 1, further comprising the steps of: the biological bait is clam worm, clam meat emulsion and zooplankton eggs with the mass ratio of 4:1:3; the zooplankton eggs comprise artemia cysts and artemia cysts.
5. The method for cultivating parent litopenaeus vannamei with stable spawning period as in claim 1, further comprising the steps of: the filtered seawater with the salinity of 30 per mill and the temperature difference with the pool water of less than or equal to 2 ℃ is adopted every 3 days, and the micro water flow stimulation is carried out at the flow velocity of 0.1 m/s.
6. The method for cultivating parent litopenaeus vannamei with stable spawning period as in claim 1, further comprising the steps of: when the micro water flow is stimulated, 10-13% of the water in the cultivation pool is replaced by filtered seawater.
7. The method for cultivating parent litopenaeus vannamei with stable spawning period as in claim 1, further comprising the steps of: in the first week after spawning, the feeding frequency is increased to 3 times per day, and the daily feeding amount is 3-5% of the parent shrimp weight.
8. The method for cultivating parent litopenaeus vannamei with stable spawning period as in claim 1, further comprising the steps of: the parent shrimp cultivated by the sectional illumination has the density of 10-12 tails/m 2 。
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