CN106973834B - Feeding method for parent litopenaeus vannamei - Google Patents
Feeding method for parent litopenaeus vannamei Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A feeding method for parent litopenaeus vannamei belongs to the field of aquatic animal nutrition and feed, and comprises the steps of feeding parent litopenaeus vannamei feed for 2 times/day; 58.7 percent of crude protein and 7.5 percent of crude fat in the parent shrimp feed, 46.52 percent of polyunsaturated fatty acid, 16.20 percent of EPA and 10.41 percent of arachidonic acid in the parent shrimp feed, and 58.62 percent of flavor-developing amino acid in the parent shrimp feed. The feeding frequency is reduced for 2 times/day, the labor force is saved, and the growth, the reproductive performance and the offspring quality of the litopenaeus vannamei are not influenced. The bait feeding amount is reduced for 2 times/day, the growth, reproductive performance and offspring quality of the litopenaeus vannamei are not affected, and the chance of feed residue can be reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of aquatic animal nutrition and feed, and particularly relates to a feeding method of litopenaeus vannamei parent shrimps.
Background
Litopenaeus vannamei (Litopenaeus vannamei) belongs to a tropical open type seminiferous vesicle and is one of a few excellent cultured shrimp species recognized in the world. The bait nutrition and feeding strategy of parent shrimps are key factors for determining the production benefit of the offspring seeds. The determination of the proper bait and feeding method is not only beneficial to improving the ingestion rate, the bait utilization rate and the fry quality of the parent shrimps, but also can avoid the waste of the bait, thereby reducing the pollution to the culture environment. Research shows that parent shrimps need to consume a large amount of substances and energy in gonad development and reproduction processes, and need to synthesize and accumulate a large amount of yolk substances for embryo development. If the feeding mode is improper, not only the bait can not be fully utilized, but also the gonad maturation and normal reproduction activities of the parent shrimps are seriously hindered, thereby causing the quality reduction of the larvae and finally causing the production of the offspring seeds to be difficult to continue. At present, many reports about feeding frequency at home and abroad are available, but the frequency is mainly focused on the growth stages of fishes and shrimps, such as grass carp, minnow, catfish, platichthys stellatus, weever, macrobrachium nipponensis and the like. However, the influence of feeding frequency on the breeding stage of the parent shrimps is not reported in detail, so that the research on the suitable feeding frequency during the breeding period of the parent shrimps is very meaningful. Therefore, the test comparatively analyzes the influence of different feeding frequencies on the weight gain rate, the body length growth rate, the reproductive performance, the body composition and the digestive enzyme activity of the parent shrimps of the penaeus vannamei boone, and provides theoretical basis and technical support for determining the optimal feeding frequency of the parent shrimps in the offspring seed production.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a feeding method for the breeding period of the litopenaeus vannamei parent shrimps, which is characterized in that the growth, the breeding performance and the shrimp body composition of the litopenaeus vannamei parent shrimps are compared by comparing different feeding frequencies (2, 3 and 4 times/day) for feeds with specific components. With the increase of the feeding frequency, the weight gain rate and the body length growth rate of the parent shrimps have no obvious influence; different feeding frequencies have no obvious influence on the egg laying amount, the number of nauplii, the hatching rate, the metamorphosis rate, the gonadal index, the initial laying time and the egg laying interval; different feeding frequencies have no obvious influence on the composition of the shrimp bodies; the suitable feeding frequency of the nutrition enhancement during the propagation period of the parent shrimps is 2 times/day.
The invention is completed according to the following operation technology:
a feeding method of parent litopenaeus vannamei comprises the steps of feeding parent litopenaeus vannamei with the feed frequency of 2 times per day and feeding after eating.
Furthermore, the parent shrimp feed contains 58.7 percent (mass ratio) of crude protein and 7.5 percent (mass ratio) of crude fat.
Further, the mass ratio of the polyunsaturated fatty acids to the total fatty acids in the parent shrimp feed was 46.52%, the mass ratio of the EPA (eicosapentaenoic acid) content to the total fatty acids was 16.20% (mass ratio), and the mass ratio of the AA (arachidonic acid) content to the total fatty acids was 10.41%.
Furthermore, the flavor amino acid in the parent shrimp feed accounts for 58.62 percent (mass ratio) of the total amino acid.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the three feeding frequencies of 1.2, 3 and 4 times/day have no obvious influence on the growth of the parent shrimps; different feeding frequencies have no significant influence on the egg laying amount, the number of nauplii, the hatching rate, the metamorphosis rate, the gonadal index, the initial laying time and the egg laying interval.
The feeding frequency is reduced by 2.2 times per day, the labor force is saved, and the growth, the reproductive performance and the offspring quality of the litopenaeus vannamei are not influenced.
The bait feeding amount is reduced for 2.2 times per day, the growth, reproductive performance and offspring quality of the litopenaeus vannamei are not affected, and the chance of feed residue can be reduced.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is further explained by the following examples, but the scope of the present invention is not limited in any way by the examples.
Examples
Selecting female shrimps with the age of 15 months, strong physique, normal body color and immature ovary development and male shrimps with the body length of 13-14 cm. And temporarily culturing the female shrimps and the male shrimps in the separate ponds for seven days, and carrying out experimental grouping after the parent shrimps eat normal food and the activity is recovered.
Divided into three groups according to the weight and the body length, and each group contains 40 shrimps. In the experiment, 3 feeding frequencies are set for manual feeding, namely 2 times/day, 3 times/day and 4 times/day, and the specific feeding time is shown in table 1. The experiment adopts the feeding of the full food, and the feeding amount is adjusted in time according to the food intake condition. After feeding for 30 days, the terminal body length and body weight of the parent shrimps without cutting the eyestalk were measured.
TABLE 1 feeding frequency and feeding time
The seawater circulating system is used for water temperature control and water body purification, the filter cotton core is replaced in due time, and newly prepared seawater is supplemented in time. The water temperature of the system is controlled to be 27 +/-2 ℃, the salinity is controlled to be 30 +/-2 thousandths, the pH is 7.8-8.0, the dissolved oxygen is more than or equal to 5mg/L, the ammonia nitrogen is less than or equal to 0.6mg/L, the nitrite is less than or equal to 0.1mg/L, the water depth is 30-35cm, and the indoor natural illumination period is 12 hours. The culture pond is an indoor round cement pond (water capacity 3 m)3Diameter 2 m). Changing water once every 9 am, and timely fishing out residual bait, excrement and molt.
The unilateral pedicel of the female shrimp is removed by a commonly used tweezers ironing method in production for ripening. The removal of the eyestalk is a common method for stimulating gonad maturation and ovulation of shrimps and crabs, and is widely believed to be due to the removal of gonadal-inhibiting hormones in the eyestalk. After the single-side eyestalk of the female shrimp is removed, the female shrimp is continuously fed for 3-5 days, and the gonad mature individual can appear. And then, when water is changed every morning, whether individuals to lay eggs are in sexual gland maturity in the female shrimp pond or not is checked, and then the female shrimps with the gonads changed into orange red are selected into the same male shrimp pond for mating. The mating pool is a circular runway pool with an area of 20m3About, the depth of water is 0.4-0.5 m. The male shrimps with good gonad development have about 100 tails, are active, have sensitive reaction, and have white and full and convex spermatophore.
200L spawning and hatching barrels are prepared 12 hours in advance every day, 100L fresh seawater without residual chlorine after disinfection and filtration is added into each barrel, and simultaneously 6ppm of EDTA-2Na is added to complex heavy metal ions in water, and 24 hours of uninterrupted micro-aeration is kept.
Mating activities are typically performed from 3 pm to 11 pm. After mating, taking out the female shrimps with the male shrimp spermatophore in time, putting the female shrimps into a spawning and hatching barrel, and marking the female shrimps to spawn. The movement is light and quick, and the phenomenon that the spermatophore is popped up due to the bounce of the female shrimps is avoided. And (5) fishing out the female shrimps and putting the female shrimps in an oviposition hatching barrel at about 10 o' clock at night regardless of whether the female shrimps are successfully mated. And after the parent shrimps finish spawning, fishing out the parent shrimps in time and finishing counting within two to three hours. Eggs laid by female shrimps are continuously kept in the hatching barrel and turned over once every 1 hour until the nauplii are hatched and counted in the afternoon of the next day. Counting and counting the number of alive nauplii in the hatching barrel after the nauplii are transformed into flea larvae at about six pm in the afterday.
Determination of reproductive Performance indicators
Egg and larval enumeration
Before counting, the water was gently stirred by hand to uniformly disperse the eggs or larvae in the water. Water samples were taken from five fixed points in the bucket using a 100mL beaker, and the average of five counts was multiplied by 1000 as the egg laying amount of the parent shrimp this time and the yield of the corresponding larvae. Meanwhile, the group, the number and the date of the female shrimps are recorded so as to carry out statistics, and the hatching rate and the metamorphosis rate are calculated.
Measurement and calculation of gonad index and oviposition condition
And at the end of the experiment, timely selecting the female shrimps of which the gonads are orange red and which are about to lay eggs, dissecting, weighing the gonads, and calculating the gonad indexes. And calculating the initial laying time and the laying interval of each experimental group according to the recorded serial numbers, the number and the date of the female shrimps laying eggs and hatching every day.
Effect of different feeding frequency on parent shrimp growth
Table 2 shows initial body weight, terminal body weight, weight gain rate, initial body length, terminal body length and body length growth rate of different experimental groups. The results show that the weight gain rate and the body length growth rate of the parent shrimps tend to increase first and then decrease with the increase of the feeding frequency, and the weight gain rate and the body length growth rate of the parent shrimps with the feeding frequency of 3 times/day are the largest but the difference is not significant (P is more than 0.05).
TABLE 2 Effect of different feeding frequencies on the growth of parent shrimps
Effect of different feeding frequency on reproductive Performance of parent shrimp
Table 3 shows the amount of eggs laid, number of nauplii and hatchability of the different experimental groups. The results showed that the egg laying amount, number of nauplii and hatchability of the parent shrimps tended to increase and decrease with increasing feeding frequency, but there was no significant difference between the 3 groups (P > 0.05).
TABLE 3 Effect of different feeding frequencies on egg laying and nauplii hatchability
Flea larva number and metamorphosis rate
Table 4 shows the number of flea larvae and the rate of metamorphosis for the different experimental groups. The results showed that the number of flea larvae and the rate of metamorphosis increased first and then decreased with increasing feeding frequency, but there was no significant difference between the three groups (P > 0.05).
TABLE 4 Effect of different feeding frequencies on flea larval counts and metamorphosis rates
Gonadal index, initial birth time, and oviposition interval
Table 5 is gonadal index, primordial time and oviposition interval for different experimental groups. The results show that the gonad index, the initial laying time and the laying interval of each group of parent shrimps are not obvious (p is more than 0.05).
TABLE 5 Effect of different feeding frequencies on gonadal index, primiparity and oviposition interval
Influence of different feeding frequency on whole shrimp body composition of parent Penaeus vannamei Boone
Table 6 shows the effect of different feeding frequencies on the composition of whole shrimp bodies of parent penaeus vannamei. The results show that the water content, crude fat, ash content and protein content of the whole parent shrimps of the penaeus vannamei boone of different feeding frequency groups have no significant difference (P > 0.05).
TABLE 6 influence of feeding frequency on parent shrimp body composition of Penaeus vannamei Boone
Feed crude protein 58.7% and crude fat 7.5% were used during the experiment. The feed contains 46.52% of polyunsaturated fatty acid, 16.20% of EPA, and 10.41% of AA (arachidonic acid), and has a fatty acid composition shown in Table 7, 58.62% of amino acids in the feed, and a composition shown in Table 8.
TABLE 7 fatty acid composition of feed
| Fatty acids | (％) |
| 12:0 | 13.56 |
| 14:0 | 0.99 |
| 15:0 | 1.42 |
| 16:0 | 20.41 |
| 16:1 | 3.53 |
| 18:0 | 4.01 |
| 18:1 | 12.16 |
| 20:2 | 7.62 |
| 20:3 | 12.29 |
| 20:4 (arachidonic acid AA) | 10.41 |
| 20:5(EPA) | 16.20 |
| Sigma PUFA (unsaturated fatty acids) | 46.52 |
TABLE 8 amino acid composition of feed
| Amino acid composition | (％) |
| Aspartic acid | 4.30 |
| Arginine | 11.25 |
| Glutamic acid | 29.63 |
| Glycine | 14.22 |
| Alanine | 15.61 |
| Cysteine | 4.13 |
| Valine | 7.70 |
| Methionine | 2.97 |
| Isoleucine | 5.59 |
| Leucine | 1.49 |
| Tyrosine | 4.35 |
| Histidine | 6.24 |
| Threonine | 3.89 |
| Phenylalanine | 2.61 |
| Lysine | 1.99 |
| Flavor-developing amino acid/total amino acid | 58.62 |
Claims (1)
1. A feeding method of parent litopenaeus vannamei is characterized in that the feeding method comprises the steps of feeding parent litopenaeus vannamei feed with the frequency of 2 times/day and feeding the feed after eating, wherein the mass ratio of crude protein to crude fat in the parent litopenaeus vannamei feed is 58.7%, the mass ratio of crude fat is 7.5%, the mass ratio of polyunsaturated fatty acid to total fatty acid in the parent litopenaeus vannamei feed is 46.52%, the mass ratio of eicosapentaenoic acid to total fatty acid is 16.20%, the mass ratio of arachidonic acid to total fatty acid is 10.41%, and the mass ratio of flavor-developing amino acid to total amino acid in the parent litopenaeus vannamei feed is 58.62%;
the culture conditions comprise water temperature of 27 + -2 deg.C, salinity of 30 + -2 ‰, pH of 7.8-8.0, dissolved oxygen of 5mg/L or more, ammonia nitrogen of 0.6mg/L or less, nitrite of 0.1mg/L or less, water depth of 30-35cm, and indoor natural illumination period of 12 h.
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| CN108633802B (en) * | 2018-05-11 | 2021-04-06 | 海南中正水产科技有限公司 | Method for ecologically cultivating parent penaeus vannamei boone |
| CN109122445B (en) * | 2018-08-27 | 2021-02-12 | 中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所 | Parent shrimp breeding method for improving breeding performance of litopenaeus vannamei |
| CN115443930B (en) * | 2022-08-31 | 2023-09-05 | 渤海水产育种(海南)有限公司 | Parent shrimp cultivation method for litopenaeus vannamei with stable spawning period |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN1745725A (en) * | 2005-09-13 | 2006-03-15 | 中国水产科学研究院南海水产研究所 | Artificial culture of shrimp parents |
| CN106306554A (en) * | 2016-08-16 | 2017-01-11 | 中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所 | Litopenaeus vannamei parent prawn feed capable of replacing fresh and living bait |
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| CN101053318B (en) * | 2007-05-26 | 2010-10-20 | 中国海洋大学 | Optimization feeding method for culturing shrimp |
| CN104585105B (en) * | 2015-02-10 | 2017-03-15 | 通威股份有限公司 | Water ecology formula method for culturing seedlings outside Litopenaeus vannamei room |
| CN105028278B (en) * | 2015-07-14 | 2017-06-16 | 广东海洋大学 | A kind of Penaeus Vannmei orients mating method |
| CN105230544A (en) * | 2015-10-30 | 2016-01-13 | 湖北省小龙虾良种选育繁育中心有限公司 | Artificial breeding method for crayfishes in net cage |
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| CN1745725A (en) * | 2005-09-13 | 2006-03-15 | 中国水产科学研究院南海水产研究所 | Artificial culture of shrimp parents |
| CN106306554A (en) * | 2016-08-16 | 2017-01-11 | 中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所 | Litopenaeus vannamei parent prawn feed capable of replacing fresh and living bait |
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