CN105660492B - A kind of method that Macrobrachium nipponensis aquarium family is established and seed standardization is cultivated - Google Patents
A kind of method that Macrobrachium nipponensis aquarium family is established and seed standardization is cultivated Download PDFInfo
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- CN105660492B CN105660492B CN201610191993.4A CN201610191993A CN105660492B CN 105660492 B CN105660492 B CN 105660492B CN 201610191993 A CN201610191993 A CN 201610191993A CN 105660492 B CN105660492 B CN 105660492B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K63/00—Receptacles for live fish, e.g. aquaria; Terraria
- A01K63/003—Aquaria; Terraria
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K63/00—Receptacles for live fish, e.g. aquaria; Terraria
- A01K63/003—Aquaria; Terraria
- A01K63/006—Accessories for aquaria or terraria
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K63/00—Receptacles for live fish, e.g. aquaria; Terraria
- A01K63/04—Arrangements for treating water specially adapted to receptacles for live fish
- A01K63/042—Introducing gases into the water, e.g. aerators, air pumps
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
Abstract
It is established the present invention provides a kind of Macrobrachium nipponensis aquarium family and seed standardizes the method cultivated, include the following steps: A, setting seed rearing facility；B, the selection and mating of close shrimp；C, the management standardization in different paedomorphosis periods.The standardized construcion process that the present invention realizes as Macrobrachium nipponensis family, family cultivate success rate up to 90% or more, while reducing influence of the environmental factor to family building and seed rearing, improve the efficiency of Macrobrachium nipponensis nursery.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of artificial raise seedling methods of Macrobrachium nipponensis, and in particular to a kind of Macrobrachium nipponensis aquarium family is built
The method that the standardization of vertical and seed is cultivated.
Background technique
Macrobrachium nipponensis (Macrobrachium nipponense) is under the jurisdiction of Crustachia, Decapoda, Palaemonidae, pond crayfish
Category also known as freshwater shrimp, are commonly called as river prawn, are that the important fresh water in China eats shrimp, meat flavour is delicious, and fried river prawn is very popular one
Dish, therefore the market demand of river prawn is very big, economic value is high.However, since water pollution in recent years, overfishing etc. are asked
Topic causes serious destruction to the wild resource of Macrobrachium nipponensis, and protection freshwater shrimp wild resource has been brought into schedule.Previous artificial breeding
The production model that Macrobrachium nipponensis obtains shrimp seedling is to be put into native pond natural propagation using wild shrimp with ovums is caught, competing by finally surviving
Strive the shrimp seedling survived to be used further to produce, can cause very big waste to freshwater shrimp wild resource in this way, and to wild resource according to
Bad property is very big.In addition, the internecine characteristic of Macrobrachium nipponensis also results in its artificial feeding density shrimps more economic than other
Stocking density is much lower, can not form the stable yield of unit of water body.Macrobrachium nipponensis faces miniaturization, germplasm is degenerated, resource is deficient
The problems such as weary.For this purpose, having carried out the trial such as Macrobrachium nipponensis artificial propagation, cultivation in succession.However, mutual residual due to Macrobrachium nipponensis
Kill characteristic, no matter temporary after nursery, commercial sized prawn fishing support, transport, the links such as sale, easily mutually injury causes extremely
It dies.Shrimp seed rearing is difficult, and cultivation density is low, and specific yield is low, and market supply is unstable, causes Macrobrachium nipponensis cultivation difficulty big, difficult
To promote, in addition, for building Macrobrachium nipponensis family for scientific research using also not having very good solution method, urgent need wants one in the lab
A stable method provides safeguard.
In family cultivating process, in order to reduce between rearing conditions and environmental factor existing difference to family character table
Existing influence should guarantee the seed rearing of all familys feeding environment having the same, while the difference that also will be clear that is different
Family, traditional native pond breeding cannot realize that the mode of indoor cement pit is also to get half the result with twice the effort at all.In the past, Macrobrachium nipponensis
The production of seed is carried out using outdoor Tu Chi, fishes for the natural propagation in the native pool of wild shrimp with ovums, it is difficult to the quality of close shrimp into
Row standardization, and be difficult to record the practical oogenesis number of days of shrimp with ovums, the practical hatching of shrimp with ovums launched in the same native pond
Time difference is very big, and the young produced has the very big time difference, and the young shrimp of different batches different size is caused to raise together in same
Nursery pond.In addition, attacking small individual since the life habit of Macrobrachium nipponensis includes big individual, rigid shell individual easily becomes same
The feature of the food of class, the young shrimp of different size be blended in same breeding pool will cause it is serious mutually kill and devour, final shrimp seedling is educated
Can be much lower compared to other shrimps at rate, yield does not ensure in unit of water body, can not form stable economic benefit, hinders day
The cultivation and popularization of this pond crayfish.Meanwhile traditional seedling raising manners mode of unbalanced competition remaining in shrimp seedling group obtains seedling
Kind, it can not guarantee that the uniform specification of seed, previous methods are the serious wastes to wild Japanese pond crayfish resource as far as possible.In addition,
Interior according to rectangle cement pit carry out family foundation and seed large-scale cultivation, on the one hand need cement pit quantity compared with
More, building culture facility engineering is huge, builds family with cement pit and educates a family using a cement pit, all to space and resource
It is huge waste, and breeding efficiency is also very low, big water body bait throwing in, the young is very low to the utilization rate of bait, and young density is low
Shi Yi can not find food and die of hunger, and the temperature control of big water body be also it is very very difficult, will cause unnecessary goods and materials and people
The waste of power, and inconvenient, difficult management, family poor synchronization.Therefore, outdoor Tu Tang and interior are used in actual production
Cement pit nursery Macrobrachium nipponensis is all difficult efficiently to realize.In addition, using cannot see that the conducts such as drum of situation in container
Family and container for plant growth are constructed, has the shortcomings that obvious, i.e., can not see the oogenesis situation of container in-laws shrimp, the development rank of the young
Section etc., to bringing inconvenience in management.In existing research report, not yet it is related to the building of Macrobrachium nipponensis family and seed standardization training
The effective ways educated only rest on the preliminary trial stage, and it is very strong fundamentally to solve this manor of Macrobrachium nipponensis consciousness, together
The problem of frequent fresh water shrimp high efficiency seedling cultivating is attacked between class does not also need complete metamorphosis that could form young shrimp about this kind of seedling stage
The standardized operating method of Freshwater shrimps nursery.
Oneself paper through delivering " Primary Construction of Macrobrachium nipponensis family and the genetic force estimation of growth correlation shape " is open
It is parent with Macrobrachium nipponensis Taihu Lake wild population, using uneven Nested Design method, every tail male Macrobrachium nipponensis matches 5 tails
Female Macrobrachium nipponensis constructs 4 paternal half-sib familys and 8 maternal family full-sibs, and applies half sibs intra class correlation
Analytic approach has estimated the genetic force of 65d and 97d body length, abdomen length and weight after Macrobrachium nipponensis hatches.Itself the result shows that: each family
Larval culture survival rate is 13.52%-25.24%, and each family mean generates 92 tail son shrimps；The cultivation of 65d and 97d after hatching
Survival rate is respectively 82.18%, 57.88%；Each family female individuals account for the overwhelming majority, sex ration 1:0.01-0.08；Hatching
65d has some individuals to start oogenesis breeding, and oogenesis ratio is between 1.75%-20.51%.PRELIMINARY RESULTS shows, Macrobrachium nipponensis
Growth traits is relatively appropriate for families selecting or group's intermolecular hybrid, but due to by individual egg laying rate of red swamp, survival rate and breeding facility etc.
Limitation, it is larger to carry out extensive family breeding difficulty.However, the mating rate and survival rate attempted are difficult to reach efficient building in the past
The purpose of Macrobrachium nipponensis family.
Summary of the invention
For many shortcomings of the existing technology, the present invention provides a kind of foundation of Macrobrachium nipponensis aquarium family
And the method that seed standardization is cultivated, include the following steps: A, setting seed rearing facility；B, the selection and mating of close shrimp；C,
The management standardization in different paedomorphosis periods；The standardized construcion process that the present invention realizes as Macrobrachium nipponensis family, family
Success rate is cultivated up to 90% or more, while reducing influence of the environmental factor to family building and seed rearing, improves Japan
The efficiency of pond crayfish nursery.
Specific technical solution of the present invention is:
A kind of method that Macrobrachium nipponensis aquarium family is established and seed standardization is cultivated includes the following steps: A, setting
Seed rearing facility；B, the selection and mating of close shrimp；C, the management standardization in different paedomorphosis periods；
Wherein step A setting seed rearing facility includes:
Oxygen replenishing equipment is added in rectangle or the round aquarium for having lid, meanwhile, bionic aquatic weed is added in aquarium,
And it is individually inflated in each aquarium using gas stone, inflation point is selected in one jiao of aquarium, and gas tube is fixed on the Shui nationality as needed
Proper height on tank wall, cooperation addition air volume regulating valve, convenient for adjusting gas output and outlet frequency；Aquarium light uses certainly
Right illumination, due to the young of Macrobrachium nipponensis become light, at shrimp photophobia the characteristics of, according to practical intensity of illumination can be in Shui nationality box outer wall
Using black plastic bag is puted up to achieve the purpose that the too strong light of masking.Raising wet concentration underground water or surface water use
The double-deck 200 mesh silk cover filterings avoid harmful organisms in water from invading.
B, the selection and mating of close shrimp include:
As close shrimp, close shrimp requires complete appearance for the male shrimp of the long 5cm or more of selective body and the female shrimp of the long 3.5cm or more of body
Not damaged, without black or white dot, without breakage on crust, step redfree lesion, vigor is good, and skip capability is strong, sexual gland
The person of physically well developing.The male shrimp foot of a chela is complete, and female shrimp oogenesis chamber is cavity, can not be with the presence of ovum, high-visible hair at female shrimp carapace
Educate good ovary.Family is established using orientation mating mode, male and female proportion is 3:1, this ratio is dedicated ratio of the invention,
It is 5-10:1 that the fresh water shrimp nursery of other previous strains, which mostly uses male and female sex ratio, and discovery is practical in the present invention is matched using male and female
It is more efficient when for 3:1, and can easily observe in aquarium the mating situation of close shrimp, so as to can be by the oogenesis that succeeded
Female shrimp remove in time, solely hatched using single packing list, water temperature control is at 25 ± 1 DEG C, uninterrupted inflation in 24 hours.This method uses
Have the aquarium of lid, can in preferable control cabinet water evaporation capacity, be conducive to stabilizing water quality, and play and avoid seedling growing in summer
The case where indoor mosquito lays eggs in seedling water, this is because the larva wriggler of mosquito has very big prestige to newborn zoea
The side of body, needs strictly to take precautions against；
C, the management standardization in different paedomorphosis periods, including Three Standards:
(1) family is constructed in such a way that an aquarium only puts the female shrimp of oogenesis, greatlys save the space of breeding, water
The commercialization water of major Shui nationality brand quotient supply can be used according to indoor actual conditions and spatial choice in the size of race's case
Race's case, can also customize aquarium according to real space, and multiple aquarium combinations are placed on shelf convenient for intensive management.Water
It is 80cm × 35cm × 50cm that the size of race's case, which can choose length, and aquarium lid may be designed as 8cm high.Female shrimp oogenesis
It is immediately moved into and is individually raised with the nursery aquarium of step A same size afterwards, it is female to remove postpartum immediately after zoea birth
Shrimp；
(2) zoea is born 1-3 days and starts to feed fresh and alive water rotifer, throws in the ratio of 3-5/ml of water rotifer
Hello, it is ensured that final wheel animalcule quantity is 2-3 times of zoea quantity, is fed daily 4 times, 25 ± 0.5 DEG C of water temperature, 24 hours not between
Disconnected inflation, pinpoints in aquarium side and inflates, and adjusts Air Bubble Size, keeps bubble fine and closely woven uniformly, keep out of the direct sun aquarium；
(3) after zoea is born 3-10 days fresh and alive water rotifer still is fed according to upper step ratio, it is additional just to have hatched
Artemia nauplii is fed 3 times daily, is fed in the ratio of 2-3/ml of artemia, it is ensured that final wheel animalcule quantity is zoea
1-1.5 times of quantity, siphon remove residual bait, the warm water such as supplement to raw water position；
Zoea still feeds fresh and alive water rotifer, the additional halogen just hatched according to upper step ratio after being born 10-21 days
Worm nauplius and chlorella Micro Algae concentrate supplement, and feed in the ratio of 2-3/ml of artemia, it is ensured that finally take turns borer population
Amount is 1.5-2 times of zoea quantity, and each 2-3 drop in the every case of Micro Algae concentrate is fed 3 times, siphon removes residual daily
Bait, the warm water such as supplement to raw water position；
Wherein used Micro Algae concentrate concentration is about 7,000,000/ml, the product that use directly reaches in the market.
After whole metamorphosis finish and become young shrimp, stop temperature control and use natural room temperature culture, is bred as young shrimp number according to final
Amount rationally controls density, is separately raised with aquarium, carries out related family mark and record.The ruler of aquarium in corresponding step A
The very little length that can choose is 80cm × 35cm × 50cm, when aquarium lid may be designed as 8cm high, corresponding final metamorphosis
The young shrimp quantity control finished is every case 200-300.
Compared with prior art, the advantages of above scheme and good effect is as follows:
It is necessary to ensure that the rearing conditions of each family and environmental factor are consistent when 1. constructing family, reduces environmental factor pair
The influence of family, the present invention establish family using standardized aquarium with cover, make full use of original seedling culture space, significantly
Operability and standardization are increased, is convenient for intensive unified management, realizes the mesh for cultivating most familys in a limited space
, while different familys can also be clearly distinguished, convenient for the marker recognition between family, improve the effect of unit space nursery
Rate.
2. the present invention also a save the cost of nursery, reduce it is artificial, can 1-2 people can manage a propagation house, be
The production of factory of the future metaplasia lays the foundation.Meanwhile it also pursuing fundamental studies and offering reference for Laboratory Standard breeding Macrobrachium nipponensis.
3. the precondition for Macrobrachium nipponensis mating just may be used when new shell not yet hardens in 2 hours after female shrimp reproduction shell
Mating, the characteristics of can not mating if new crust has hardened, the present invention uses male and female proportion for 3:1, compared with the past, can drop
When a low male shrimp matches more female shrimps, female shrimp shell simultaneously sometimes and male shrimp maturation spermatophore have been used for fertilization and new spermatophore not yet
The case where maturation causes female shrimp discharge ovum that can not be fertilized.
4. the present invention realizes Macrobrachium nipponensis family standardized production, family is cultivated success rate up to 90% or more, is dropped simultaneously
Low environmental factor is constructed to family and the influence of seed rearing, improves the effect of the building of Macrobrachium nipponensis family and seed rearing
Rate.The present invention can in aquarium artificial propagation Macrobrachium nipponensis, enable zoea realize complete metamorphosis to young shrimp overall process,
The artemia nauplii using water rotifer and just hatched replaces Macrobrachium nipponensis natural bait, makes to cultivate Japan under full artificial condition
Pond crayfish seed is possibly realized, and also seedling raising process is enable to standardize.
The bionic aquatic weed used in aquarium in step A, including main body and bionical careless beam, the main body is by network group
It closes, the network quadrangle is provided with pedestal, and hook, adjacent network are additionally provided on the pedestal
It is connected by pedestal, bionical careless beam is also connected in the main body, the bionical careless beam is connect by hook with main body；
The bionical careless beam includes blade of grass pedestal, and bionical blade of grass, the blade of grass are connected on the blade of grass pedestal
Base central is provided with through-hole.
After this structure, main body is composed of network, be can according to need and is combined into master of different shapes
Body is suitble to the use of various Cultivation containers, and a wide range of in use, can be rectangle by body combination, then by it along rectangle
Long side rolls, and outermost hook is connected to each other, main body entire in this way can become the most appropriate open circles used
Tubular；Due to being provided with hook on each pedestal, various suitable shapes can also be folded into；The grid
Structure quadrangle is provided with pedestal, and adjacent network is connected by pedestal, can greatly improve so entirely combine it is steady
It is qualitative, while the presence of pedestal enhances the intensity of entire main body, can prevent in water since stormy waves impact causes main body disconnected
It splits；Binder or existing connector can be used to be directly connected to when pedestal is connect with pedestal, it can also just will be all in production
Network is combined, and it is integral that pedestal group is then all connected on the crosspoint of each grid；Due in blade of grass pedestal
The heart is provided with through-hole, can be convenient passing through for hook, can thus be connected the pedestal in bionical careless beam and main body by linking up with
It connects, this connection type is even closer, and not easy to fall off in use, also facilitates and subsequent unpick and wash and replace；It will be whole
After the combination of a bionic aquatic weed, it is above-mentioned roll or fold by way of be changed into stereochemical structure, preferentially using open circles
Barrel structure has intimate maximum surface area in water in this way, increases attachment interface of the shrimps in unit of water body, increases water body
Space effective rate of utilization；Network is convenient for shrimps free migration wherein simultaneously, can increase shrimps in this veil
Activity space is conducive to hide enemy in time, and the water being also convenient in cylinder is timely updated, and avoids the occurrence of anoxic；Bionical grass
Beam can also be hidden by day and come out at night at shrimp, be protected from light in view of Macrobrachium nipponensis to the greatest extent, and zoea becomes the habit of light, adapts to it
The illumination requirement of different times, can also enable shrimp that can flexibly react to the water temperature of variation, light condition, and can
In cultivation for each growth period Macrobrachium nipponensis.
It is respectively connected with bionical careless beam on each hook of main body described in when specifically used, maximum grass Shu Midu is provided；
But in order to meet the needs of actual production, the quantity of the bionical careless beam connected on each hook of main body described in general control,
To adapt to the actual needs of the breeding density of Macrobrachium nipponensis；Careless beam bionical simultaneously can be placed in the interior of the cylindrical shape of main body formation
Side can also be placed in outside, determine by specifically used state.
Enemy can be hidden for each stage Macrobrachium nipponensis using the bionic aquatic weed of this structure and attachment is inhabited and is used, it can be with
It improves Macrobrachium nipponensis and breeds the survival rate of each stage parent of each period, the young, young shrimp, and then improve the final incubation of Macrobrachium nipponensis
Rate, to increase the actual production of shrimp seedling when artificial breeding, furthermore it is also possible to increase water in the artificial breeding of commercial sized prawn
The space utilization rate of body, applicable waters range is wide, the number of animals raised of Macrobrachium nipponensis in unit of water body can be improved, and then increase and produce
Amount.
In conclusion the technical solution adopted in the present invention realizes Macrobrachium nipponensis family standardized production, family is cultivated
Success rate reduces influence of the environmental factor to family building and seed rearing up to 90% or more, improves Macrobrachium nipponensis
The efficiency of nursery.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the structural schematic diagram of bionic aquatic weed main body of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the structural schematic diagram of single bionical careless beam of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is the structural schematic diagram after bionic aquatic weed main body shown in Fig. 1 is rolled；
Fig. 4 is bionic aquatic weed use state diagram of the present invention；
1 is network in figure, and 2 be pedestal, and 3 be hook, and 4 be blade of grass pedestal, and 5 be through-hole, and 6 be bionical blade of grass.
Specific embodiment
Embodiment 1
A kind of method that Macrobrachium nipponensis aquarium family is established and seed standardization is cultivated includes the following steps: A, setting
Seed rearing facility；B, the selection and mating of close shrimp；C, the management standardization in different paedomorphosis periods；
Wherein step A setting seed rearing facility includes:
Oxygen replenishing equipment is added in rectangle or the round aquarium for having lid, meanwhile, bionic aquatic weed is added in aquarium,
And it is individually inflated in each aquarium using gas stone, inflation point is selected in one jiao of aquarium, and gas tube is fixed on the Shui nationality as needed
Proper height on tank wall, cooperation addition air volume regulating valve, convenient for adjusting gas output and outlet frequency；Aquarium light uses certainly
Right illumination, due to the young of Macrobrachium nipponensis become light, at shrimp photophobia the characteristics of, according to practical intensity of illumination can be in Shui nationality box outer wall
Using black plastic bag is puted up to achieve the purpose that the too strong light of masking.Raising wet concentration underground water or surface water use
The double-deck 200 mesh silk cover filterings avoid harmful organisms in water from invading.
B, the selection and mating of close shrimp include:
As close shrimp, close shrimp requires complete appearance for the male shrimp of the long 5cm or more of selective body and the female shrimp of the long 3.5cm or more of body
Not damaged, without black or white dot, without breakage on crust, step redfree lesion, vigor is good, and skip capability is strong, sexual gland
The person of physically well developing.The male shrimp foot of a chela is complete, and female shrimp oogenesis chamber is cavity, can not be with the presence of ovum, high-visible hair at female shrimp carapace
Educate good ovary.Family is established using orientation mating mode, male and female proportion is 3:1, is solely hatched using single packing list, water temperature control
At 25 ± 1 DEG C, uninterruptedly inflate within 24 hours.This method using there is the aquarium of lid, can in preferable control cabinet water evaporation
Amount, is conducive to stabilizing water quality, and play and avoid the case where mosquito lays eggs in nursery pond in seedling growing in summer room, this is because mosquito
The larva wriggler of son has very big threat to newborn zoea, needs strictly to take precautions against；
C, the management standardization in different paedomorphosis periods, including Three Standards:
(1) family is constructed in such a way that an aquarium only puts the female shrimp of oogenesis, the size selection of aquarium is long,
Wide, a height of 80cm × 35cm × 50cm, aquarium lid may be designed as 8cm high.It is immediately moved into nursery aquarium after female shrimp oogenesis,
It is the aquarium of identical setting in this aquarium and step A, individually raises, it is female to remove postpartum immediately after zoea birth
Shrimp；
(2) zoea is born 1-3 days and starts to feed fresh and alive water rotifer, feeds in the ratio of 5/ml of water rotifer,
Ensure that final wheel animalcule quantity is 2 times of zoea quantity, feeds 4 times, 25 ± 0.5 DEG C of water temperature, uninterruptedly fill daily within 24 hours
Gas is pinpointed in aquarium side and is inflated, and pays attention to adjusting Air Bubble Size, and bubble needs to keep fine and closely woven uniform, not there is periods of direct sunlight
Aquarium；
(3) after zoea is born 3-10 days fresh and alive water rotifer still is fed according to upper step ratio, it is additional just to have hatched
Artemia nauplii is fed 3 times daily, is fed in the ratio of 3/ml of artemia, it is ensured that final wheel animalcule quantity is zoea number
1.5 times of amount, siphon remove residual bait, the warm water such as supplement to raw water position；
Zoea still feeds fresh and alive water rotifer, the additional halogen just hatched according to upper step ratio after being born 10-21 days
Worm nauplius and chlorella Micro Algae concentrate supplement, and feed in the ratio of 3/ml of artemia, it is ensured that final wheel animalcule quantity
It is 2 times of zoea quantity, 3 drops in Micro Algae concentrate (concentration is 7,000,000/ml) each every case are fed 3 times daily,
Siphon removes residual bait, the warm water such as supplement to raw water position.When having seen young shrimp metamorphosis success, heavy hydrophilic particles on a small quantity can be added and raised
Material, heavy hydrophilic particles feed can select Penaeus Vannmei, sturgeon or the commercialization of carp feed, and model selects S3-S6,
The pellet quantity fed is 5 every casees, edible for young shrimp.After whole metamorphosis finish and become young shrimp, stops temperature control and use
Natural room temperature culture is bred as young shrimp reasonable quantity control density according to final, and the aquarium that corresponding the present embodiment is selected controls close
Degree is 300 every casees, is separately raised with aquarium, and related family mark and record are carried out.
The bionic aquatic weed used in step A aquarium, is composed of network 1, and described 1 four jiaos of network equal
It is provided with pedestal 2, hook 3 is additionally provided on the pedestal 2, adjacent network is connected by pedestal 2, the main body
On be also connected with bionical careless beam, the bionical careless beam is connect by hook 3 with main body；
The bionical careless beam includes blade of grass pedestal 4, and bionical blade of grass 6, the grass are connected on the blade of grass pedestal 4
Phyllopodium seat 4 is provided centrally with through-hole 5.
Interval is connected with bionical careless beam on each hook in the main body.
Entire bionic aquatic weed is made of aseptic plastic, generally green.
Embodiment 2
A kind of method that Macrobrachium nipponensis aquarium family is established and seed standardization is cultivated includes the following steps: A, setting
Seed rearing facility；B, the selection and mating of close shrimp；C, the management standardization in different paedomorphosis periods；
Wherein step A setting seed rearing facility includes:
Oxygen replenishing equipment is added in rectangle or the round aquarium for having lid, meanwhile, bionic aquatic weed is added in aquarium,
And it is individually inflated in each aquarium using gas stone, inflation point is selected in one jiao of aquarium, and gas tube is fixed on the Shui nationality as needed
Proper height on tank wall, cooperation addition air volume regulating valve, convenient for adjusting gas output and outlet frequency；Aquarium light uses certainly
Right illumination, due to the young of Macrobrachium nipponensis become light, at shrimp photophobia the characteristics of, according to practical intensity of illumination can be in Shui nationality box outer wall
Using black plastic bag is puted up to achieve the purpose that the too strong light of masking.Raising wet concentration underground water or surface water use
The double-deck 200 mesh silk cover filterings avoid harmful organisms in water from invading.
B, the selection and mating of close shrimp include:
As close shrimp, close shrimp requires complete appearance for the male shrimp of the long 5cm or more of selective body and the female shrimp of the long 3.5cm or more of body
Not damaged, without black or white dot, without breakage on crust, step redfree lesion, vigor is good, and skip capability is strong, sexual gland
The person of physically well developing.The male shrimp foot of a chela is complete, and female shrimp oogenesis chamber is cavity, can not be with the presence of ovum, high-visible hair at female shrimp carapace
Educate good ovary.Family is established using orientation mating mode, male and female proportion is 3:1, is solely hatched using single packing list, water temperature control
At 25 ± 1 DEG C, uninterruptedly inflate within 24 hours.This method using there is the aquarium of lid, can in preferable control cabinet water evaporation
Amount, is conducive to stabilizing water quality, and play and avoid the case where mosquito lays eggs in nursery pond in seedling growing in summer room, this is because mosquito
The larva wriggler of son has very big threat to newborn zoea, needs strictly to take precautions against；
C, the management standardization in different paedomorphosis periods, including Three Standards:
(1) family is constructed in such a way that an aquarium only puts the female shrimp of oogenesis, the size selection of aquarium is long,
Wide, a height of 80cm × 35cm × 50cm, aquarium lid may be designed as 8cm high.It is immediately moved into nursery aquarium after female shrimp oogenesis,
It is the aquarium of identical setting in this aquarium and step A, individually raises, it is female to remove postpartum immediately after zoea birth
Shrimp；
(2) zoea is born 1-3 days and starts to feed fresh and alive water rotifer, feeds in the ratio of 4/ml of water rotifer,
Ensure that final wheel animalcule quantity is 3 times of zoea quantity, feeds 4 times, 25 ± 0.5 DEG C of water temperature, uninterruptedly fill daily within 24 hours
Gas is pinpointed in aquarium side and is inflated, and pays attention to adjusting Air Bubble Size, and bubble needs to keep fine and closely woven uniform, not there is periods of direct sunlight
Aquarium；
(3) after zoea is born 3-10 days fresh and alive water rotifer still is fed according to upper step ratio, it is additional just to have hatched
Artemia nauplii is fed 3 times daily, is fed in the ratio of 3/ml of artemia, it is ensured that final wheel animalcule quantity is zoea number
1 times of amount, siphon remove residual bait, the warm water such as supplement to raw water position；
Zoea still feeds fresh and alive water rotifer, the additional halogen just hatched according to upper step ratio after being born 10-21 days
Worm nauplius and chlorella Micro Algae concentrate supplement, and feed in the ratio of 2/ml of artemia, it is ensured that final wheel animalcule quantity
It is 2 times of zoea quantity, 3 drops in Micro Algae concentrate (concentration is 7,000,000/ml) each every case are fed 3 times daily,
Siphon removes residual bait, the warm water such as supplement to raw water position.When having seen young shrimp metamorphosis success, heavy hydrophilic particles on a small quantity can be added and raised
Material, heavy hydrophilic particles feed can select Penaeus Vannmei, sturgeon or the commercialization of carp feed, and model selects S3-S6,
The pellet quantity fed is 7 every casees, edible for young shrimp.After whole metamorphosis finish and become young shrimp, stops temperature control and use
Natural room temperature culture is bred as young shrimp reasonable quantity control density according to final, and the aquarium that corresponding the present embodiment is selected controls close
Degree is 280 every casees, is separately raised with aquarium, and related family mark and record are carried out.
The bionic aquatic weed used in step A aquarium, is composed of network 1, and described 1 four jiaos of network equal
It is provided with pedestal 2, hook 3 is additionally provided on the pedestal 2, adjacent network is connected by pedestal 2, the main body
On be also connected with bionical careless beam, the bionical careless beam is connect by hook 3 with main body；
The bionical careless beam includes blade of grass pedestal 4, and bionical blade of grass 6, the grass are connected on the blade of grass pedestal 4
Phyllopodium seat 4 is provided centrally with through-hole 5.
Bionical careless beam is respectively connected on each hook in the main body.
Entire bionic aquatic weed is made of sterile rubber, generally brown.
Test example
Using the method for Examples 1 and 2, the present inventor establishes family 27, cultivates successful family 25,
Success rate is 92.6%.2 familys of failure are due to invading and breaking out enemy --- cyclops gradually eats up zoea.
Complete metamorphosis can be completed the final zoea of successful family all years as young shrimp by cultivating.Son shrimp survival rate every family at 30 days
320-490 is only differed.
And paper " Primary Construction of Macrobrachium nipponensis family and the genetic force estimation of growth correlation shape " is public in the prior art
It has opened with Macrobrachium nipponensis Taihu Lake wild population as parent, using uneven Nested Design method, every tail male Macrobrachium nipponensis pairing 5
Tail female Macrobrachium nipponensis constructs 4 paternal half-sib familys and 8 maternal family full-sibs.Itself the result shows that: each family children
Body cultivating survival rate is 13.52%-25.24%, and each family mean generates 92 tail son shrimps；After hatching the cultivation of 65d and 97d at
Motility rate is respectively 82.18%, 57.88%.Technology of the invention can be had significant progress compared with the prior art.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of method that Macrobrachium nipponensis aquarium family is established and seed standardization is cultivated, it is characterised in that: including walking as follows
It is rapid:
A, seed rearing facility is set；
B, the selection and mating of close shrimp；
C, the management standardization in different paedomorphosis periods；
Wherein step A setting seed rearing facility includes:
Oxygen replenishing equipment is added in rectangle or the round aquarium for having lid, meanwhile, bionic aquatic weed is added in aquarium, and
It is individually inflated in each aquarium using gas stone, inflation point is selected in one jiao of aquarium, and gas tube is fixed in aquarium, in water
Race's box outer wall puts up black plastic bag to achieve the purpose that the too strong light of masking；Raising wet concentration underground water or surface water,
Harmful organisms in water are avoided to invade using 200 mesh silk cover filterings of bilayer；
The selection and mating of step B parent shrimp include:
As close shrimp, close shrimp requires complete appearance lossless for the male shrimp of the long 5cm or more of selective body and the female shrimp of the long 3.5cm or more of body
Hurt, without black or white dot, without breakage on crust, step redfree lesion, vigor is good, and skip capability is strong, gonad development
Good person；The male shrimp foot of a chela is complete, and female shrimp oogenesis chamber is cavity, high-visible well-developed ovary at female shrimp carapace；Using
Mating mode is oriented, male and female proportion is 3:1, is solely hatched using single packing list, and at 25 ± 1 DEG C, 24 hours uninterrupted for water temperature control
Inflation；
The management standardization in step C difference paedomorphosis period, including Three Standards:
(1) family is constructed in such a way that an aquarium only puts the female shrimp of oogenesis, is immediately moved into after female shrimp oogenesis and step A
The nursery aquarium of same size is individually raised, and removes postpartum female shrimp immediately after zoea birth；
(2) zoea is born 1-3 days and starts to feed fresh and alive water rotifer, feeds in the ratio of 3-5/ml of water rotifer, really
2-3 times that final wheel animalcule quantity is zoea quantity is protected, is fed daily 4 times, 25 ± 0.5 DEG C of water temperature, is uninterruptedly filled within 24 hours
Gas is pinpointed in aquarium side and is inflated, and adjusts Air Bubble Size, keeps bubble fine and closely woven uniformly, keep out of the direct sun aquarium；
(3) zoea still feeds fresh and alive water rotifer, the additional artemia just hatched according to upper step ratio after being born 3-10 days
Nauplius feeds 3 times daily, feeds in the ratio of 2-3/ml of artemia, it is ensured that final wheel animalcule quantity is zoea quantity
1-1.5 times, siphon removes residual bait, and the warm water such as supplement are to raw water position；
Zoea still feeds fresh and alive water rotifer according to upper step ratio after being born 10-21 days, the additional artemia just hatched without
The section young and Micro Algae concentrate supplement, and feed in the ratio of 2-3/ml of artemia, it is ensured that final wheel animalcule quantity is flea shape children
1.5-2 times of body quantity, 2-3 drop every time in the every case of Micro Algae concentrate, feeds 3 times, siphon removes residual bait, supplement isothermal daily
Water is to raw water position；
After whole metamorphosis finish and become young shrimp, stops temperature control using natural room temperature culture, be bred as young shrimp quantity conjunction according to final
Reason control density, is separately raised with aquarium, carries out related family mark and record.
2. the method that Macrobrachium nipponensis aquarium family is established according to claim 1 and seed standardization is cultivated, feature exist
In:
The size selection length of aquarium is 80cm × 35cm × 50cm in the step C, and aquarium lid is designed as
8cm high；The young shrimp quantity control that corresponding final metamorphosis finishes is every case 200-300.
The method that 3. the Macrobrachium nipponensis aquarium family is established according to claim 1 and seed standardization is cultivated, feature
Be: bionic aquatic weed employed in step A, including main body and bionical careless beam, the main body combined by network (1) and
At the network (1) quadrangle is provided with pedestal (2), is additionally provided on the pedestal (2) hook (3), adjacent
Network is connected by pedestal (2), and bionical careless beam is also connected in the main body, and the bionical careless beam passes through hook
(3) it is connect with main body；
The bionical careless beam includes blade of grass pedestal (4), is connected with bionical blade of grass (6) on the blade of grass pedestal (4), described
Blade of grass pedestal (4) is provided centrally with through-hole (5).
The method that 4. Macrobrachium nipponensis aquarium family according to claim 3 is established and seed standardization is cultivated, feature
Be: the bottom part body is connected with support base by hook.
The method that 5. Macrobrachium nipponensis aquarium family according to claim 3 is established and seed standardization is cultivated, feature
Be: the bionic aquatic weed is made using nuisanceless plastics or other nuisanceless resistant materials as raw material.
The method that 6. Macrobrachium nipponensis aquarium family according to claim 3 is established and seed standardization is cultivated, feature
Be: the bionic aquatic weed is green or brown.
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| CN108029478A (en) * | 2017-11-24 | 2018-05-15 | 镇江华优生态农业科技有限公司 | A kind of cultural method of rice field button crab |
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