CN103548726B - Establishment and stock breeding method for sinonovacula constricta families - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for establishing a razor clam family and breeding improved varieties. After four optimization processes, including 1) the first selection in brood clams of razor clam, the biological characteristics are normal, the vitality is strong, and the body weight is 15% greater than the average weight. ~20% of broilers, and then select broilers whose shell width/shell length ratio is greater than the average ratio of 15-20%, and put the broilers directly on the induction bed after selection, and stimulate oxygenation; 2) broiler brood production After the ovum is ovulated, carry out the second optimization, pair the males and females with high yields, establish families, raise them in seedling tanks respectively, and raise them to the juvenile stage; 3) Razor clam seedlings reach about 1 cm, and measure the shell size of the family's razor clam body. 4) In the different growth stages of the families, measure their growth data, perform the fourth optimization, and select growth Individuals with fast and strong vitality are used as the descendant parents of the family, so as to carry out the breeding of fine varieties.

Description

A kind of establishment of clam razor clam family line and improved breeding method

technical field

The invention belongs to the field of shellfish genetics and breeding, and specifically relates to a method for establishing a razor clam family and selecting improved varieties.

Background technique

The razor clam is an important tidal flat shellfish in my country and one of the four marine aquaculture shellfish in my country. Because of its delicate meat, delicious taste and rich nutrition, the razor clam is deeply loved by consumers. Its market value is high and its breeding prospect is very broad.

But along with the continuous development of the razor clam aquaculture industry, its breeding environment is deteriorating day by day, a large number of unexplained deaths of razor clams occur from time to time, and the growth rate of artificially propagated seed declines, causing the aquaculture production industry to be seriously hindered. This is closely related to the degradation of germplasm and the backwardness of germplasm innovation technology. Therefore, cultivating high-quality new varieties of razor clam with strong stress resistance and fast growth rate has become an important link for the sustainable development of razor clam aquaculture.

As an important means of animal breed improvement and genetics research, family establishment has played an important role in the breeding of livestock and poultry and many aquatic species, and has produced huge economic and social benefits. Therefore, it is one of the key technologies to better ensure the healthy and sustainable development of the razor clam aquaculture industry. According to the reproductive biological characteristics and growth characteristics of the razor clam, the present invention establishes a technical system for the construction of the razor clam family and the breeding of improved varieties, and provides a feasible technical basis.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for establishing a razor clam family and breeding improved varieties, so as to provide technical support for breeding high-yield and high-quality excellent varieties of razor clams.

In order to realize the above-mentioned purpose of the invention, the technical scheme adopted in the present invention is as follows:

A method for establishing a clam razor clam family line and selecting improved varieties, specifically comprising the following steps:

1) The broodstock of the razor clam is transported to the destination at low temperature, and the first selection is carried out directly. The broodstock with normal biological characteristics, strong vitality, rapid response to external touch, and body weight greater than 15-20% of the average body weight is selected as the first selection. Select the parent shellfish, and then select the second candidate broiler shellfish whose shell width/shell length ratio is greater than the average ratio of 15-20%, put the second candidate broiler shellfish in the induction bed, and oxygenate to stimulate labor induction;

2) During the discharge of sperm and eggs of razor clams, pick out the individuals that are discharging sperm and eggs, and place them in beakers filled with clarified sand-filtered seawater, and wait for them to be produced; Individuals with high emissions are used as broodstock for building families, and after combining the sperm and eggs of a single individual, artificially mixed insemination is carried out in a bucket;

3) The volume of the bucket used to cultivate seedlings is 60-80 liters, slightly inflated for incubation, the hatching density is 5-10 per milliliter, and only fertilized eggs of one family are placed in one bucket; the membranes of the razor clam seedlings are hatched into face plate larvae, and the Transfer it to another bucket for cultivation; when the larvae metamorphose from vegetal larvae to benthic life, transfer the bottom-attached spat to a bucket with a fine mud substrate prepared in advance; thereafter, in order to speed up family cultivation Speed, replace the substrate every 5 days.

4) When the razor clam seedlings grow to about 1 cm, measure the shell length of each family of razor clam seedlings, carry out the third optimization of the families, and eliminate the families with high mortality and slow growth rate. Move the excellent families into outdoor ponds for breeding, and place each family independently in a pond to avoid mixing between families; after that, measure the shell length and shell width of each family in November of this year, March, May, and July of the next year and body weight, carry out the fourth optimization, and select the razor razor clam individuals with large individual and quick response in the family as the broodlings of the descendants, and the offspring of the descendants of the descendants are still raised separately.

In the step 1) of this invention, the complicated conventional oxytocin procedures are omitted, including low temperature, shade drying and running water stimulation. Instead, the parent shellfish transported to the breeding farm are selected and placed directly in the oxytocin bed for oxygenation stimulation to induce labor. success.

In step 2) of the invention, the breeding method is different from group cross-breeding. Instead, one female and one male are used for family selection, and each family is cultivated separately to avoid mixing.

The content of the invention In the process of family construction and breeding, through the measurement of individual growth traits of the family, after four optimization processes, the optimal family and individual are selected for breeding. This invention provides technical support for the selection and breeding of improved razor clam species.

Detailed ways

Taking the razor clam constricted in Zhangzhou, Fujian as the basic group below, the breeding in Ninghai Farm, Zhejiang is an example, and the technical content of the present invention is described in detail:

1) The brood clams of razor clams were collected from Zhangzhou, Fujian, and transported at low temperature to the Ninghai farm in Zhejiang, where they were directly selected for the first time. Select brood shellfish with normal biological characteristics, strong vitality, water pipes that can respond quickly to external touch, and body weight greater than 15-20% of the average body weight as candidate brood shellfish, and then select the shell width/shell length ratio greater than the average ratio of 15- 20% of the kisses, and finally 500 kisses will be retained.

2) Since the male and female of the razor clam can not be distinguished from the appearance, all 500 selected broodstock are put into the induction bed, and the seawater is filled with sand and filtered for about 10 cm. Oxygenation stimulates the induction, and the dissolved oxygen concentration is not lower than 5mg/L . Use a flashlight to observe carefully, and when the sperm and eggs are released, pick them out, put them into a pre-prepared large beaker filled with clarified sand-filtered seawater, and continue to discharge completely. Eggs released by females are granular, which will not make the clear sand filter sea water turbid, and will settle naturally. Male individuals emit sperm in a linear shape, and the clear sand-filtered seawater will quickly become turbid and will not settle naturally.

3) The second optimization is carried out before the mating of males and females, and the individuals with a large amount of sperm and eggs are used as the parents used to establish the family. After the sperm and ovum of a single individual are combined, they are pre-mixed in a 10-liter small water bucket and then transferred to a nursery bucket, which is slightly inflated to prevent overlapping between eggs.

4) In the stage of embryonic development, the fertilized eggs are in the clarified sand-filtered seawater inflated condition, the dissolved oxygen concentration is not lower than 5mg/L, and after about 18 hours, they hatch into the vegetal larvae and live in the water. The larger water body makes it less dense, about 5-10 per milliliter. After 4-5 days of planktonic stage, the larvae undergo metamorphosis, change from planktonic movement to crawling and crawling, form spat, and turn to benthic life.

5) When the razor clam seedlings grow to about 1 cm, measure the shell length of the razor clam body of each family, carry out the third selection of the family, and eliminate the families with high mortality and slow growth rate. Move the excellent families into outdoor ponds for breeding, and place each family in a pond independently to avoid mixing between families. After that, measure the shell length, shell width and body weight of each family in November of this year, March, May, and July of the next year. In the breeding season of the next year, the fourth optimization is carried out, and the individual of the razor clam with a large individual and quick response is selected in the family as the broodstock of the descendants, and the offspring of the descendants of the descendants are still raised separately.

Claims (1)

1. the establishment of a clam razor clam family line and the method for breeding of improved species, is characterized in that, specifically comprises the steps: 1) The broodstock of the razor clam is transported to the destination at low temperature, and the first selection is carried out directly. The broodstock with normal biological characteristics, strong vitality, rapid response to external touch, and body weight greater than 15-20% of the average body weight is selected as the first selection. Alternative parent shellfish, and then select the second candidate broiler shellfish whose shell width/shell length ratio is greater than the average ratio of 15-20%; put the second candidate broiler shellfish in the induction bed, and oxygenate to stimulate labor induction; 2) During the discharge of sperm and eggs of razor clams, pick out the individuals that are discharging sperm and eggs, and place them in beakers filled with clarified sand-filtered seawater, and wait for them to be produced; Individuals with high emissions are used as broodstock for building families, and after combining the sperm and eggs of a single individual, artificially mixed insemination is carried out in a bucket; 3) The volume of the bucket used to cultivate seedlings is 60-80 liters, slightly inflated for hatching, the hatching density is 5-10 per milliliter, and only one family of fertilized eggs is placed in a bucket; the membranes of the razor clam seedlings are hatched into face plate larvae, and the Transfer it to another bucket for cultivation; when the larvae metamorphose from vegetal larvae to benthic life, transfer the bottom-attached spat to a bucket with a fine mud substrate prepared in advance; thereafter, in order to speed up family cultivation Speed, replace the substrate every 5 days; 4) When the razor clam seedlings grow to about 1 cm, measure the shell length of the razor clam seedlings of each family, and carry out the third optimization of the families, and eliminate the families with high mortality and slow growth; move the excellent families into outdoor ponds for breeding, Each family is placed in a pond independently to avoid mixing between families; after that, measure the shell length, shell width and weight of each family in November of this year, March, May, and July of the next year, and perform the fourth optimization , in the family line, the individual with large individual and rapid response was selected as the broodstock of the descendant family, and the offspring of the descendant family were still raised separately.