CN101627737B - Method for establishing blue crab family and selecting improved breed - Google Patents
Method for establishing blue crab family and selecting improved breed Download PDFInfo
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- CN101627737B CN101627737B CN2009101124015A CN200910112401A CN101627737B CN 101627737 B CN101627737 B CN 101627737B CN 2009101124015 A CN2009101124015 A CN 2009101124015A CN 200910112401 A CN200910112401 A CN 200910112401A CN 101627737 B CN101627737 B CN 101627737B
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
Abstract
The invention relates to the selection of blue crab breeds, in particular provides a method for establishing a blue crab family and selectively breeding an improved breed. The method comprises the following steps: optimally selecting individuals with strong activity and normal body characteristics and having the weight larger than average weight by 20-25 percent from cultured blue crabs as optional ripe crabs; enabling a selected male crab to sequentially copulate with two female crabs on a principle that one male crab copulates with two female crabs so that the offspring of the two female crabs are in a half sibling family with the same father but different mothers, and the offspring of either female crab is a full sibling family with the same father and the same mother; culturing the female crabs after copulation in a maturing tank; transferring the female crabs after incubation to an incubation crab tank and then to a hatching bucket before hatch; selecting individuals with great incubation amount and high hatching rate as optional families until self culturing the offspring to matured crabs; separately culturing the offspring of each blue crab to establish families; continuously eliminating the families in a culture period by selection; and using the rest family as a basic family for selectively breeding the next generation. The blue crabs are respectively optimally selected during growing in a young crab period, a commodity crab period and a maturation period.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of seed selection of mud crab kind, especially relate to a kind of foundation and fine-variety breeding method of blue crab family.
Background technology
The mud crab build is big, growth is fast, meat flavour is delicious, is a kind of good mariculture crab class.Blue crab cultivation has less investment, instant effect, profitable, advantage such as technical management is convenient, has become China's emerging seawater industry in south.The required seed overwhelming majority of blue crab cultivation catches wild seed from adopting at present, does not pass through genetic improvement as yet.In the breeding process, have been found that mud crab resistance, premunition, growth rate descend, the commercial specification homogeneity is poor.Can alleviate disease and environmental deterioration influence by the mud crab new varieties that select disease-resistant or strong stress resistance to blue crab cultivation.
Family selective breeding has been brought into play important effect as the important means of animal varieties improvement in the fine-variety breeding of fowl poultry kind, and has produced huge economic benefit and social benefit.The breed improvement of aquiculture animal is because its breed characteristics and reproductive biology characteristic, and big difficulty is arranged, and the breed improvement progress of its Mesichthyes is best, has obtained very big achievement.The seed selection work of prawn is also constantly carried out over nearly 20 years, and successively selects the super blue prawn of strong stress resistance, and specific pathogen free and anti-specific pathogen all receives prawn.Do not see the report of crab class fine-variety breeding so far both at home and abroad.
Publication number is the breeding method that the application for a patent for invention of CN101023739 discloses original producton location, a kind of the Changjiang river Eriocheir sinensia seed, this incubation is as follows: the Eriocheir sinensia seed selection of a. original producton location, b. fixed point is cultivated juvenile crab, c. the young crab of pond rearing, d. pond rearing crab kind, e. pond, purse seine are formed commodity crab.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of foundation and fine-variety breeding method of blue crab family.
The present invention includes following steps:
1) in culturing mud crab, optimize energetic, physical trait normal, body weight is greater than the individuality of average weight 20%～25%, as alternative close crab, selection pressure V value is 0.5～1;
2) by the principle of a male crab and two female crab mating, will a selected male crab successively and two female crab mating, these two female crab institute postpartum for conduct with the different female family half sibs of father, every female crab institute postpartum for conduct with the father with female family full-sibs;
3) the female crab of post-coitum is cultured in an accelerating pond, move to the ovigerous crab pond behind the oogenesis, move into hatching pail before facing hatching, select oogenesis and measure the high individuality of big incubation rate as candidate family, from growing seedlings to forming, the offspring of each mud crab raises respectively, sets up family, constantly eliminate during the breed, the residue family is as the basic family of seed selection of future generation;
4) carry out respectively preferably in young crab phase, commodity crab phase and 3 stages of maturing stage of mud crab growth.
Preferably being meant of described young crab phase cultured the young crab of selected each family separately, supports to young approximately the 8th stage phase of crab, young crab to each family is selected, wherein big individual young crab is formed, and eliminates too small individuality, and mortality is 50%～70%.
Preferably being meant of described commodity crab phase, add up the survival rate of each family in the commodity crab phase, biological property and commodity indexs such as the average weight of commodity crab, body length, body colour, the uniformity, eliminate slow and survival rate is low about 2/3 the family of growth rate, the growth family fast, that survival rate is high that accounts for total family about 1/3 of only selecting and remain gives over to standby close crab.
Preferably being meant of described maturing stage, from stay each foster family, select the standby close crab that family is set up in individual big, energetic 50～100 pairs of conducts of individuality, through mating, artificial breeding, proceed seed selection, each family finally only keeps the offspring of 5～10 female crabs, and as the family seed of going down to posterity, the offspring of every crab of the family that goes down to posterity raises separately from start to finish.
The present invention has following outstanding advantage: by the foundation to the different familys of mud crab, degeneration-resistant, the speed that select suitable China breeding environment of high-quality, high yield, stable yields are given birth to new lines; And inbreeding, the genetics characteristic of research mud crab and kind differentiation situation by male and female crab in mating between blue crab family and the family.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
1) in 10,000 pairs of mud crabs, optimize energetic, physical trait is normal, body weight is greater than 100 pairs of the close crabs of average weight 20%～25%, as alternative close crab, selection pressure V value is 1.
2) by the principle of a male crab and two female crab mating, with a selected male crab priority and two female crab mating, these two female crab institute postpartum is on behalf of with the different female family half sibs of father by artificial insemination, every female crab institute postpartum on behalf of with the father with female family full-sibs.
3) the female crab of post-coitum is cultured in an accelerating pond, move to the ovigerous crab pond behind the oogenesis, move into hatching pail before facing hatching, select oogenesis and measure the high individuality of big incubation rate as candidate family, from growing seedlings to forming, the offspring of each mud crab raises and sets up family respectively, optimize 30 familys, may due to illness do harm to during the breed or some family of other reasons can be eliminated, only the choosing growth is fast in the residue family, the survival rate height, comparatively uniform 10 familys of size are as the basic family of seed selection of future generation.
4) carrying out preferably in the critical period of mud crab growth, mainly is that young crab phase, commodity crab phase, maturing stage three phases are the seed selection critical period, carries out preferably;
1. the young crab phase: the young crab of selected each family is cultured separately, supported to about young the 8th stage phase of crab, the young crab of each family is selected, wherein big individual young crab is formed, and eliminates too small individuality, and mortality is 50%～60%.
2. commodity crab phase: add up the survival rate of each family, biology and commodity indexs such as the body weight of commodity crab, body length, body colour, the uniformity optimize 10 familys as the family that finally goes down to posterity from 30 familys of being supported.Each family optimizes that average weight is bigger again, and body is longer, and the body colour and the uniformity are better, and body weight is higher than 500～1000 pairs of the mud crabs of average weight 20%～25%, cultures to the proximity maturation.
3. maturing stage: each family is preferred individual big, the standby close crab that family is set up in 50～100 pairs of conducts of energetic individuality, and through mating, artificial breeding is proceeded seed selection.Each family finally only keeps the offspring of 5～10 female crabs, and as the family seed of going down to posterity, the offspring of every crab of the family that goes down to posterity raises separately from start to finish.
Embodiment 2
1) in 50,000 pairs of mud crab, optimize energetic, physical trait is normal, body weight is greater than 300 pairs of the close crabs of average weight 25%, as alternative close crab, selection pressure V value is 0.6, the female crab of post-coitum is cultured in an accelerating pond, move to the ovigerous crab pond behind the oogenesis, move into hatching pail before facing hatching, select oogenesis and measure the high individuality of big incubation rate as candidate family, from growing seedlings to forming, the offspring of each mud crab raises and sets up family respectively, optimizes 80 familys, may due to illness do harm to during the breed or some family of other reasons can be eliminated, only the choosing growth is fast in the residue family, the survival rate height, and comparatively uniform 25 familys of size are as the basic family of seed selection of future generation.
2) utilize the mud crab technology of artificial insemination, principle by a male crab and two female crab mating, by artificial insemination with a selected male crab successively and two female crab mating, these two female crab institute postpartum is on behalf of with the different female family half sibs of father, every female crab institute postpartum on behalf of with the father with female family full-sibs.
3) carrying out preferably in the critical period of mud crab growth, mainly is that young crab phase, commodity crab phase, maturing stage three phases are the seed selection critical period, carries out preferably;
1. the young crab phase: the young crab of selected each family is cultured separately, supported to about young the 8th stage phase of crab, the young crab of each family is selected, wherein big individual young crab is formed, and eliminates too small individuality, and mortality is 60%～70%.
2. commodity crab phase: add up the survival rate of each family, biology and commodity indexs such as the body weight of commodity crab, body length, body colour, the uniformity optimize 25 familys as the family that finally goes down to posterity from 80 familys of being supported.Each family optimizes that average weight is bigger again, and body is longer, and the body colour and the uniformity are better, and body weight is higher than 500 pairs of the mud crabs of average weight 25%, cultures to the proximity maturation.
3. maturing stage: each family is preferred individual big, the standby close crab that family is set up in 50～100 pairs of conducts of energetic individuality, and through mating, artificial breeding is proceeded seed selection.Each family finally only keeps the offspring of 5～10 female crabs, and as the family seed of going down to posterity, the offspring of every crab of the family that goes down to posterity raises separately from start to finish.
Embodiment 3
1) in 100,000 pairs of mud crabs, optimize energetic, physical trait is normal, body weight is greater than 500 pairs of the close crabs of average weight 25%, as alternative close crab, selection pressure V value is 0.5.
2) by the principle of a male crab and two female crab mating, with a selected male crab priority and two female crab mating, these two female crab institute postpartum is on behalf of with the different female family half sibs of father by artificial insemination, every female crab institute postpartum on behalf of with the father with female family full-sibs.
3) the female crab of post-coitum is cultured in an accelerating pond, move to the ovigerous crab pond behind the oogenesis, move into hatching pail before facing hatching, select oogenesis and measure the high individuality of big incubation rate as candidate family, from growing seedlings to forming, the offspring of each mud crab raises and sets up family respectively, optimize 150 familys, may due to illness do harm to during the breed or some family of other reasons can be eliminated, only the choosing growth is fast in the residue family, the survival rate height, comparatively uniform 50 familys of size are as the basic family of seed selection of future generation.
4) carrying out preferably in the critical period of mud crab growth, mainly is that young crab phase, commodity crab phase, maturing stage three phases are the seed selection critical period, carries out preferably.
1. the young crab phase: the young crab of selected each family is cultured separately, supported to about young the 8th stage phase of crab, the young crab of each family is selected, wherein big individual young crab is formed, and eliminates too small individuality, and mortality is 60%～70%.
2. commodity crab phase: add up the survival rate of each family, biology and commodity indexs such as the body weight of commodity crab, body length, body colour, the uniformity optimize 50 familys as the family that finally goes down to posterity from 150 familys of being supported.Each family optimizes that average weight is bigger again, and body is longer, and the body colour and the uniformity are better, and body weight is higher than 500 pairs of the mud crabs of average weight 25%, cultures to the proximity maturation.
3. maturing stage: each family is preferred individual big, the standby close crab that family is set up in 50～100 pairs of conducts of energetic individuality, and through mating, artificial breeding is proceeded seed selection.Each family finally only keeps the offspring of 5～10 female crabs, and as the family seed of going down to posterity, the offspring of every crab of the family that goes down to posterity raises separately from start to finish.
Claims (1)
1. the foundation of blue crab family and fine-variety breeding method is characterized in that may further comprise the steps:
1) in culturing mud crab, optimize energetic, physical trait normal and body weight greater than the individuality of average weight 20%～25%, as alternative close crab, selection pressure V value is 0.5～1;
2) by the principle of a male crab and two female crab mating, will a selected male crab successively and two female crab mating, these two female crab institute postpartum for conduct with the different female family half sibs of father, every female crab institute postpartum for conduct with the father with female family full-sibs;
3) the female crab of post-coitum is cultured in an accelerating pond, move to the ovigerous crab pond behind the oogenesis, move into hatching pail before facing hatching, select oogenesis and measure the high individuality of big incubation rate as candidate family, from growing seedlings to forming, the offspring of each mud crab raises respectively, sets up family, constantly eliminate during the breed, the residue family is as the basic family of seed selection of future generation;
4) carry out respectively preferably in young crab phase, commodity crab phase and 3 stages of maturing stage of mud crab growth;
Preferably being meant of described young crab phase cultured the young crab of selected each family separately, supports to young the 8th stage phase of crab, young crab to each family is selected, wherein big individual young crab is formed, and eliminates too small individuality, and mortality is 50%～70%;
Preferably being meant of described commodity crab phase, add up the survival rate of each family in the commodity crab phase, the average weight of commodity crab, body length, body colour, each biological property of the uniformity and commodity index, eliminate slow and survival rate is low about 2/3 the family of growth rate, only select and remain account for total family about 1/3 growth soon and the high family of survival rate give over to standby close crab;
Preferably being meant of described maturing stage, from stay each foster family, select the standby close crab that family is set up in individual big and energetic 50～100 pairs of conducts of individuality, through mating, artificial breeding, proceed seed selection, each family finally only keeps the offspring of 5～10 female crabs, and as the family seed of going down to posterity, the offspring of every crab of the family that goes down to posterity raises separately from start to finish.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2009101124015A CN101627737B (en) | 2009-08-19 | 2009-08-19 | Method for establishing blue crab family and selecting improved breed |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN2009101124015A CN101627737B (en) | 2009-08-19 | 2009-08-19 | Method for establishing blue crab family and selecting improved breed |
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| CN101627737A CN101627737A (en) | 2010-01-20 |
| CN101627737B true CN101627737B (en) | 2011-06-08 |
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Families Citing this family (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102422825B (en) * | 2011-12-13 | 2013-05-08 | 上海海洋大学 | Method for establishing and breeding three matched breeding systems of Eriocheir sinensis |
| CN102860273B (en) * | 2012-09-26 | 2014-09-10 | 浙江大学 | Crossbreeding method of mud crab |
| CN103250666B (en) * | 2013-05-14 | 2014-08-20 | 中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所 | Method for breeding blue crab families |
| CN105994082B (en) * | 2016-07-03 | 2018-12-21 | 中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所 | A kind of Portunus trituberculatus Miers family half sibs scale method for building up |
| CN109619003A (en) * | 2019-01-21 | 2019-04-16 | 江苏省淡水水产研究所 | A kind of parallel group breeding method of river crab new varieties |
| CN113243325B (en) * | 2021-05-28 | 2022-09-30 | 上海海洋大学 | Construction method of eriocheir sinensis white shell strain |
| CN113785789B (en) * | 2021-10-14 | 2022-12-30 | 中国水产科学研究院南海水产研究所 | Blue crab cultivation method |
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