CN101133725A - Cultivating method of the novel strain of white patinopecten yessoensis - Google Patents
Cultivating method of the novel strain of white patinopecten yessoensis Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a breeding method of white scallop new line. Said breading method includes the following several procedures: parent scallop cultivation, promoting oviposition, spat seed breeding, shell color identification and screening and secondary shell color selection and breeding.
Description
Technical field:
The invention belongs to marine biotechnology, is to select breeding and genetic improvement technology in the research of shellfish genetic breeding, is to cultivate a kind of technical method degeneration-resistant, high yielding culture Patinopecten yessoensis new lines.
Background technology:
Select breeding generally to be meant and utilize the natural variation colony that has kind, kind now, the approach of breeding new varieties or new lines by selection approach is called selection breeding (selection breeding), is called for short seed selection.Select breeding to can be kind or the strain that provides new in the production.
Patinopecten yessoensis (Patinopecten yessoensis) is introduced the large-scale cold water bivalve shellfish that China also carries out breed gradually for early 1980s from Japan, at present at the northern area of China cultivating large area.The general left shell of Patinopecten yessoensis colony (upper casing) color is an aubergine, color is dark, and right shell (lower casing) color is a pure white, along with the development of culturing, find to have occurred upper casing albefaction individuality in indivedual cultured populations, and the growth traits of these albefaction individualities obviously is better than other individualities of identical cultivating condition.The Chang Yaqing of Dalian aquatic product Academy (Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2007 the 27th the 3rd phases of volume) thinks that the albefaction individuality may be on some gene loci purifying to take place, and is fixed up the proterties of shell white.The dark colour shell easily absorbs luminous energy and heat, and northern China sea area water temperature in summer is higher, illumination is stronger, thereby the common Patinopecten yessoensis comparison difficulty of aestivating; The albefaction individuality then can adapt to China and culture the sea environment condition; But have not yet to see the report that adopts the production of shell look selection to be easy to aestivate, grow the white Patinopecten yessoensis fast, that the shell look beautiful.
Summary of the invention:
The objective of the invention is by seed selection of shell look and genetic improvement for years, cultivate the white Patinopecten yessoensis seed fast, that the shell look beautiful and carry out cultivating large area of being easy to aestivate, growing, effectively the quality that exists at present of containment descend and summer the disease high problem of lethality that takes place frequently, for the sustainable and stable development of scallop culture industry provides a new outlet.
The present invention finishes according to following method of operating: method of operating comprises: 1. close shellfish supports temporarily, 2. hastens parturition, 3. seed rearing, 4. the shell look is identified and screening, 5. new round shell look seed selection.
1, close shellfish is supported temporarily: select two face-piece looks and be lily individuality and carry out supporting temporarily as close shellfish from the Patinopecten yessoensis that culture in different sea areas, female individuals 300-350, male 100-110, the long 9-11cm of shell, male and female are supported respectively temporarily, supporting density temporarily is 20 in every cubic metre of water body, after close shellfish goes into the pond, heats up 1 ℃ every day, to 8 ℃ of constant temperature cultivations, fall the pond once every day in the cultivating process, raises with diatom, chrysophyceae natural bait, to gonadal maturation;
2, hasten parturition: select gonadal maturation, athletic close shellfish individuality, employing is dried in the shade and temperature-rising method is hastened parturition; The parent shellfish is temporary foster to 23-25 days, finds to have individually and lays eggs, arranges essence, moves into other pond, water temperature 10-12 ℃, male and female parent shellfish is laid eggs respectively arrange essence; Be no more than 1 hour after the ovum output, sperm is no more than 0.5 hour carries out artificial insemination, fully stirs sperm and ovum are mixed, and the sperm consumption has 3-5 sperm to be advisable with around each ovum of microscopy.
3, seed rearing: incubating oosperm carries out seed selection during to D shape larva, larvae cultivation density 7-8/mL, progressively is warming up to 15 ℃ of constant temperature and cultivates; Bait is based on chrysophyceae, and daily ration, feeding quantity is 30,000-50,000/mL, and larva is long to mix the flat algae of throwing something and feeding behind 130 μ m; Change water twice every day, change water 50% at every turn, fell the pond once in 5-7 days; Through 19-20 days, the ratio that the eyespot larva occurs accounted for 50% o'clock, threw in the net sheet of polyethylene cotton rope braiding, and every cubic metre of water body is thrown in 2.5 kilograms, makes the larva settlement and metamorphosis become juvenile mollusk.
4, the shell look is identified and screening: when juvenile mollusk grows into the 400-500 micron, move into the sea area and carry out intermediate rearing, it is white to reject a face-piece colour purity when growing into 1 centimetre of left and right sides fully, and another face-piece color depth color or shell look mixed and disorderly individuality make last juvenile mollusk two face-piece looks be pure white.
5, new round shell look seed selection: cultivate juvenile mollusk to becoming shellfish, select individual big, two face-piece looks are lily individuality as close shellfish, carry out the seed breeding of next round, use female individuals 300-350, male 100-110 so far, can obtain 100% two face-piece looks and be lily seed.
With the prior art contrast, the technology of the present invention has following characteristics:
1. seed selection utilizes existing variation, has saved the process of artificial creation variation.Selected newtype can be quickly at this area breeding popularization, small investment, instant effect.The present invention is on traditional selection breeding technique basis, adopts the mode of flock-mate breeding, and acquisition can be applied to the high yield in the large-scale production, the breeding method of degeneration-resistant Patinopecten yessoensis seed.
2. adopt the white seed of two face-piece colour purities of this method cultivation, shown good biological character, cultured 18 months, growth rate is than producing with kind of a raising 15-20%; Particularly resistance has obvious enhancing, is easy to aestivate, and in the summer high temperature phase, its survival rate improves more than 20% than Patinopecten yessoensis.
Embodiment:
Be described in detail the white shell look of the present invention Patinopecten yessoensis below by embodiment and select breeding method:
Most preferred embodiment concrete operations technical process comprises following step:
1, selecting two face-piece looks from the Patinopecten yessoensis that has the traditional shell look is lily mutated individual and carries out temporarily supporting as close shellfish; 2, the close shellfish individuality of selecting gonadal maturation is hastened parturition; 3, observe the situation that close shellfish is discharged smart ovum, and to its smart ovum size, vigor is measured and analyze, treat that close shellfish has been arranged smart ovum after, an amount of sperm and the abundant mixing of ovum are made its fertilization; 4, fertilized egg obtains juvenile mollusk through hatching, cultivation, observes growth and the survival condition of seed; 5, the seed that is obtained is carried out evaluation of shell look and screening; 6, cultivate the seed obtained to becoming shellfish, carry out artificial propagation again.So far, the two face-piece looks that obtained of improvement back are lily seed and reach 100%.Its advantage is by the shell look Patinopecten yessoensis to be selected breeding, cultivates pure white shell look Patinopecten yessoensis new lines, has notable features such as growth is fast, resistance is high, be easy to aestivate, and offspring's shell look of being cultivated also homogeneous is a pure white.
Cultivate the Patinopecten yessoensis new lines, the characteristics white, our called after " beautiful shellfish " according to the shell colour purity.
Finishing aforesaid operations process concrete grammar is: 1. close shellfish supports temporarily, 2. hastens parturition, 3. seed rearing, 4. the shell look is identified and screening, 5. new round shell look seed selection.
1. close shellfish is supported temporarily:
Culture sea area from Changhai County, Dalian Patinopecten yessoensis in mid-January, 2004, and select two face-piece looks and be 350 of lily female individuals, 110 of males, the long 9-10cm of shell is transported to Jiangnan, Qingdao scallop nursery.Male and female are supported respectively temporarily, supporting density temporarily is 20 in every cubic metre of water body, the parent shellfish went into behind the pond since the 3rd day, heat up 1 ℃ every day, cultivate to 8 ℃ of constant temperature, fall the pond once every day in the cultivating process, based on diatom, chrysophyceae natural bait, replenish with spirulina powder when bait is not enough, fill natural air, to gonadal maturation.
2. hasten parturition:
The parent shellfish is temporary foster to 23 days, finds to have individually and lays eggs, arranges essence, moves into other pond, water temperature 11-12 ℃, male and female parent shellfish is laid eggs respectively arrange essence.Be no more than 1 hour after the ovum output, sperm then is no more than 0.5 hour, and the two is mixed into pedestrian worker's insemination, fully stirs, and the sperm consumption has 3-5 sperm to be advisable with around each ovum of microscopy.
3. seed rearing:
Incubating oosperm carries out seed selection during to D shape larva, larvae cultivation density 7-8/mL, progressively is warming up to 15 ℃ of constant temperature and cultivates, bait is based on chrysophyceae, and daily ration, feeding quantity is 30,000-50,000/mL, and larva is long to mix the flat algae etc. of throwing something and feeding behind 130 μ m, repeatedly to be principle on a small quantity, contain the thing increase and decrease according to the larva stomach.Change water twice every day, change water 50% at every turn, fell the pond once in 5-7 days.Through 19 days, the ratio that the eyespot larva occurs accounted for 50%, threw in the net sheet of polyethylene cotton rope braiding this moment, and every cubic metre of water body is thrown in 2.5 kilograms, makes the larva settlement and metamorphosis become juvenile mollusk.
4. the shell look is identified and screening:
When juvenile mollusk grows into the 400-500 micron, move into the sea area and carry out intermediate rearing, it is white to reject a face-piece colour purity when growing into 1 centimetre of left and right sides fully, and another face-piece look mixed and disorderly individuality makes last juvenile mollusk two face-piece looks be pure white.Being transported to little Chang Mount sea area, Changhai County, Dalian cultures separately.
5. new round shell look seed selection:
Selecting two face-piece looks in 2006 from above-mentioned cultured population is lily individuality and carries out seed rearing as close shellfish.Employed female individuals is 350 in the shell look seed selection of a new round, 110 of males, the long 9-11cm of shell, propagation steps repeating step 1 be to step 3, has so far obtained 100% two face-piece looks and has been lily seed.
Choose seeds at shell look and growth rate, through the seed selection of two generations, formed a breed strain that the production traits is good, the Patinopecten yessoensis biological indicator at two kinds of 18 monthly ages of shell look and growing state see Table 1, table 2, table 3.Wherein wide, the bright post weight of the shell of the two, fresh adductor-somatic index have significant difference, and " beautiful shellfish " shows the obvious growth advantage, has very strong optional fertility.
Two kinds of shell look Patinopecten yessoensis biological indicators at table 118 monthly age
Group | Left side shell color | N (individual) | The average long cm of shell | Maximum | Minimum | Standard deviation |
The brown shellfish of beautiful shellfish | The pure white puce | 111 79 | 9.516 9.397 | 11.11 10.74 | 8.12 8.37 | 0.485 0.431 |
The situation of each growth indexes of two kinds of shell looks of table 2 Patinopecten yessoensis
Classification | Growth indexes | |||||
Shell is long | The shell height | Shell is wide | Body weight | Bright post is heavy | Fresh adductor-somatic index | |
The white brown shellfish of shellfish | 9.516 ±0.485 a 9.397 ±0.431 a | 9.476 ±0.470 a 9.357 ±0.478 a | 2.557 ±0.195 a 2.459 ±0.311 b | 0.107 ±0.014 a 0.108 ±0.097 a | 0.013 ±0.006 a 0.010 ±0.002 b | 0.119 ±0.065 a 0.101 ±0.017 b |
Annotate: fresh adductor-somatic index=scallop post weight/body weight * 100
The variance analysis of two kinds of shell looks of table 3 Patinopecten yessoensis growth indexes
Growth indexes | Soruces of variation | All square | F | P |
The shell heavy fresh adductor-somatic index of the heavy scallop post of high shell expanded letter that encrusts | Between organizing between group between group between group between group between group | 0.652 0.654 0.444 0.000 0.000 0.014 | 3.036 2.918 7.123 0.043 11.283 5.237 | 0.083 0.089 0.008 0.836 0.001 0.023 |
By culture experiment for many years, " beautiful shellfish " growth rate has obvious enhancing than producing with kind of raising a 15-20%, particularly resistance, is easy to aestivate, and in the summer high temperature phase, the survival rate of " beautiful shellfish " improves more than 20% than Patinopecten yessoensis.The development and application of this technology can make the Patinopecten yessoensis cultured output improve 30% under existence conditions.
Claims (1)
1. the breeding method of a novel strain of white patinopecten yessoensis is characterized in that its breeding method comprises: 1), close shellfish supports temporarily, 2), hasten parturition, 3), seed rearing, 4), the shell look is identified and screening, 5), the seed selection of new round shell look;
1), close shellfish is supported temporarily: select two face-piece looks and be lily individuality and carry out supporting temporarily as close shellfish from the Patinopecten yessoensis that culture in different sea areas, female individuals 300-350, male 100-110, the long 9-11cm of shell, male and female are supported respectively temporarily, supporting density temporarily is 20 in every cubic metre of water body, after close shellfish goes into the pond, heats up 1 ℃ every day, to 8 ℃ of constant temperature cultivations, fall the pond once every day in the cultivating process, raises with diatom, chrysophyceae natural bait, to gonadal maturation;
2), hasten parturition: select gonadal maturation, athletic close shellfish individuality, employing is dried in the shade and temperature-rising method is hastened parturition; The parent shellfish is temporary foster to 23-25 days, finds to have individually and lays eggs, arranges essence, moves into other pond, water temperature 10-12 ℃, male and female parent shellfish is laid eggs respectively arrange essence; Be no more than 1 hour after the ovum output, sperm is no more than 0.5 hour carries out artificial insemination, fully stirs sperm and ovum are mixed, and the sperm consumption has 3-5 sperm to be advisable with around each ovum of microscopy;
3), seed rearing: incubating oosperm carries out seed selection during to D shape larva, larvae cultivation density 7-8/mL, progressively is warming up to 15 ℃ of constant temperature and cultivates; Bait is based on chrysophyceae, and daily ration, feeding quantity is 30,000-50,000/mL, and larva is long to mix the flat algae of throwing something and feeding behind 130 μ m; Change water twice every day, change water 50% at every turn, fell the pond once in 5-7 days; Through 19-20 days, the ratio that the eyespot larva occurs accounted for 50% o'clock, threw in the net sheet of polyethylene cotton rope braiding, and every cubic metre of water body is thrown in 2.5 kilograms, makes the larva settlement and metamorphosis become juvenile mollusk;
4), the shell look is identified and screening: when juvenile mollusk grows into the 400-500 micron, move into the sea area and carry out intermediate rearing, it is white to reject a face-piece colour purity when growing into 1 centimetre of left and right sides fully, and another face-piece color depth color or shell look mixed and disorderly individuality make last juvenile mollusk two face-piece looks be pure white;
5), new round shell look seed selection: cultivate juvenile mollusk to becoming shellfish, select individuality big, two face-piece looks are lily individuality as close shellfish, carry out the seed breeding of next round, use female individuals 300-350, male 100-110, two face-piece looks of acquisition 100% are lily seed.
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