CN106508760B - A kind of selection of bay scallop high temperature resistant new lines - Google Patents
A kind of selection of bay scallop high temperature resistant new lines Download PDFInfo
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- CN106508760B CN106508760B CN201611036598.5A CN201611036598A CN106508760B CN 106508760 B CN106508760 B CN 106508760B CN 201611036598 A CN201611036598 A CN 201611036598A CN 106508760 B CN106508760 B CN 106508760B
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of selections of bay scallop high temperature resistant new lines, its breeding step are as follows: use back cross breeding technology, using " middle section is red " Core Germplasms group of bay scallop the north subspecies as recurrent parent, using Zhanjiang cultured population of southern subspecies as nonrecurrent parent, by inter-subspecies hybrid technology, the high temperature resistant character of bay scallop south subspecies is introduced into bay scallop the north subspecies；High temperature stress experiment screening high temperature resistant individual is carried out in Summer High-Temperature Times, by continuous backcross breeding and from numerous, the excellent bay scallop high temperature resistant new lines of acquired character.The present invention enriches the genetic diversity of bay scallop culture group germplasm, improves the high temperature resistance of bay scallop the north subspecies, its suitable feeding sea area of further expansion improves the yield of bay scallop and the economic benefit of breeding enterprise, wide market.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of shellfish Biotechnology in Genetic Breeding, specifically, being related to a kind of bay scallop high temperature resistant new lines
Selection.
Background technique
Bay scallop, is under the jurisdiction of Mollusca, lamellibranchiata, Anisomyaria, Pectenidae, and scallop category originates in U.S. great Xi
Foreign littoral, nineteen eighty-two introduces a fine variety China for the first time, has many advantages, such as that growth is fast, resistance is strong, wide adaptation range, and being that China is important supports
Grow economic shellfish.Bay scallop the north subspecies are mainly cultivated in Bohai Sea and north Yellow Sea sea area, optimum growth temperature 18-28
DEG C, at the long maximum 7cm of shell；Bay scallop south subspecies are mainly cultivated in Beibu Bay, and heat-resisting ability is stronger, most suitable
Growth temperature is 25-30 DEG C, at the long maximum 5.4cm of shell.
As global climate persistently warms, extreme weather frequently occurs, China's scallop megathermal period extensive property death incident
It happens occasionally, causes huge economic loss, seriously affected the sustainable development of industry.High temperature is scallop megathermal period big rule
One major reason of mould death, therefore, the problem of heat-resisting ability for improving bay scallop is breeder's urgent need to resolve.
Because of the biological nature that founder effect and Yi are selfed, using traditional group breeding method, the high temperature resistant Breeding Progress of bay scallop
Slowly, inbreeding depression easily occurs for growth and degeneration-resistant character after and for many generations cultivating.Back cross breeding technology can break gene linkage,
The merit of comprehensive parents, is the effective way of bay scallop fine-variety breeding.
Summary of the invention
The present invention uses back cross breeding technology, with new varieties " middle section is red " Core Germplasms group of bay scallop the north subspecies
For recurrent parent, using Zhanjiang cultured population of southern subspecies as nonrecurrent parent, by inter-subspecies hybrid technology, by bay scallop
The high temperature resistant character of southern subspecies introduces bay scallop the north subspecies；High temperature stress experiment is carried out in Summer High-Temperature Times, through continuous
Mostly for backcross breeding, bay scallop high temperature resistant new lines are obtained.
Breeding step of the present invention are as follows:
(1) subspecies colony hybridization: cultivation group of the early Febuary from Guangdong Province, sea area, Zhanjiang acquisition bay scallop south subspecies
Body, using low temperature do fortune method be transported to the north carry out indoor rush who, start after 1 DEG C, 10 DEG C of cooling daily and northern subspecies " middle section
It is red " whom the synchronous heating of Core Germplasms group promotees, and the sexual gland of two subspecies can synchronize maturation after 0.5 DEG C, 19 DEG C of heating daily.From two Asias
The individual of selective gland maturity is close shellfish in kind, obtains the ovum of northern subspecies individual and the sperm of southern subspecies individual respectively,
First generation hybrid Population is constructed by the way of colony hybridization；
(2) it high temperature stress: at 25-26 DEG C of water temperature of Summer High-Temperature Times natural waters, is taken at random from hybrid Population
10000-20000 juvenile mollusk, after temporarily being supported 3 days in normal temperature seawater indoors, 0.5 DEG C of heating daily, when remaining 10% living individuals
When, it is transferred to mariculture area and carries out normal management, obtain first generation breeding line；
(3) it second generation breeding: with the standard that gross weight is larger and sexual gland is mature, selects bay scallop the north subspecies " middle section is red "
Core Germplasms group female parent and first generation breeding line male parent, construct second generation hybrid Population；The step of repeating above-mentioned (2)
Obtain second generation breeding line；
(4) it third generation breeding: with the standard that gross weight is larger and sexual gland is mature, selects bay scallop the north subspecies " middle section is red "
Core Germplasms group female parent and second generation breeding line male parent, construct third generation hybrid Population；The step of repeating above-mentioned (2)
Obtain third generation breeding line；
(5) forth generation breeding: the standard that gross weight is larger and sexual gland is mature selects bay scallop the north subspecies " middle section is red "
The female parent of Core Germplasms group and the male parent of third generation breeding line, construct third generation hybrid Population, construct forth generation hybrid Population；
The step of repeating above-mentioned (2) obtains forth generation breeding line；
(6) purifying of new lines: it is the black alternate individual of orange as new product that left and right shell color is taken in forth generation breeding line
The parent of system goes out the stable bay scallop high temperature resistant new lines of character from propagating and cultivating by group.
Further say, the production of hybrid seeds process specifically includes the following steps:
A, close shellfish seed selection: subspecies " middle section is red " acquisition time in bay scallop the north is mid-November, the long 5-6cm of shell, bivalve
Be it is orange red, bay scallop south subspecies in first generation parent or so shell is respectively black and white, the second generation, the third generation
Individual bivalve with contribution sperm in forth generation parent is that orange is black alternate.
B, the foundation of hybrid Population: fertilized eggs are put by sperm and ovum needed for being obtained using the method for heating stimulation
It fills in the 500L vinyon bucket of filtering sea, hatching density control micro is filled at 24-25 DEG C of water temperature in 20-30/mL
It is D-shaped larva through 22-24h hatching under conditions of gas.
C, larval culture: above-mentioned D-shaped larva is placed in the vinyon bucket for filling the 500L of 24-25 DEG C of seawater, training
Educating density is 8-10/mL；Water 1/2 is changed every time, changes water daily twice；Open-mouthed bait is the equilateral chrysophyceae of ball, when shell length reaches 140
μm when start gradually to feed flat algae；When eyespot occurs in 30% individual, polyethylene mesh sheet is launched as attachment base.
D, juvenile mollusk: being placed in the polyethylene mesh bag of 40-50 mesh by intermediate rearing, and is suspended in pond of keeping a full stand of seedings and is carried out intermediate training
It educates, is divided into seedlings according to juvenile mollusk growing state timing.
E, sea is formed: when shell is long reaches 2-3cm, juvenile mollusk is put into and forms cage, every layer of 40-45 individual.Every 30-40
It changes that cage is primary, and removes the aufwuch on scallop shell.
Compared with prior art, the present invention uses back cross breeding technology, and system excavates the biology of two subspecies of bay scallop
Characteristic is learned, the high temperature resistant character of bay scallop south subspecies is introduced by bay scallop the north subspecies by inter-subspecies hybrid, then
By continuous multi-generation backcross breeding, the bay scallop high temperature resistant new lines for stablizing heredity are obtained.Furthermore orange-red using bivalve
Bay scallop the north subspecies and the southern subspecies of black and white shell color are as parent, by the shell color of filial generation it is possible to prevente effectively from male and female are same
Problem is polluted in the hybridization of figure shellfish, improves the efficiency of breeding.The present invention enriches the something lost of bay scallop culture group germplasm
Diversity is passed, the high temperature resistance of bay scallop the north subspecies is improved, its suitable feeding sea area of further expansion improves bay fan
The yield of shellfish and the economic benefit of enterprise, wide market.
Specific embodiment
Embodiment 1
A kind of selection of bay scallop high temperature resistant new lines, breeding step are as follows:
1, the selection of parent: (1) first generation breeding: 2 months 2011, from Zhanjiang acquisition bay scallop south subspecies
Cultured population, using low temperature do fortune method transport back the north carry out indoor rush who；March is from bay scallop the north subspecies new varieties " middle section
It is red " individual of selective gland maturity is close shellfish in Core Germplasms group and southern subspecies Zhanjiang cultured population；(2) second generation is selected
Educate: in November, 2011 selects the biggish individual of gross weight with the Core Germplasms group of bay scallop the north subspecies new varieties " middle section is red "
For female parent, the first generation breeding line by high temperature stress is male parent；(3) third generation breeding: in November, 2012, with bay scallop north
It is female parent that the Core Germplasms group of portion's subspecies new varieties " middle section is red ", which selects the biggish individual of gross weight, by the second of high temperature stress
It is male parent for breeding line；；(4) forth generation breeding: in November, 2013, with the core of bay scallop the north subspecies new varieties " middle section is red "
It is female parent that heart germplasm group, which selects the biggish individual of gross weight, and the third generation breeding line by high temperature stress is male parent；；(5) new product
The purifying of system: in November, 2014, it is the black alternate individual of orange as new lines parent that left and right shell color is taken in forth generation breeding line
This.
2, the foundation of hybrid Population: -2015 years 2011, the essence needed for being obtained using the method for heating stimulation annual March
Son and ovum, fertilized eggs are put into the 500L vinyon bucket for filling filtering sea, hatching density control 20-30/
ML is D-shaped larva through 22-24h hatching under conditions of 24 DEG C of micro inflations of water temperature.
3, larval culture: above-mentioned D-shaped larva is placed in the vinyon bucket for filling the 500L of 24 DEG C of seawater, is cultivated close
Degree is 8-10/mL；Water 1/2 is changed every time, changes water daily twice；Open-mouthed bait is the equilateral chrysophyceae of ball, when shell is long reaches 140 μm
Start to feed flat algae；When eyespot occurs in 30% individual, polyethylene mesh sheet is launched as attachment base.
4, juvenile mollusk: being placed in the polyethylene mesh bag of 50 mesh by intermediate rearing, and is suspended to pond of keeping a full stand of seedings and is carried out intermediate rearing, according to
Juvenile mollusk growing state timing is divided into seedlings.
5, sea is formed: when shell is long reaches 2-3cm, juvenile mollusk is put into and forms cage, every layer of 40 individual.Change cage within every 30 days
Once, and the aufwuch on scallop shell is removed.
6, high temperature stress: at -2014 years 2011,25-26 DEG C of water temperature of annual August natural waters, juvenile mollusk is normal indoors
After temporarily supporting 3 days in warm seawater, 0.5 DEG C of heating, chooses a dead individuals for every 2 hours daily, when remaining 10% living individuals, is put into
Natural waters normal management obtains high temperature resistant breeding line.
It above are only the specific embodiment of invention, but the design concept of the present invention is not limited to this, it is all to utilize design pair
The present invention carries out the change of unsubstantiality, should all belong to behavior that violates the scope of protection of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of selection of bay scallop high temperature resistant new lines, breeding step are as follows:
(1) subspecies colony hybridization: being female parent with bay scallop the north subspecies " middle section is red " Core Germplasms group, and southern subspecies are profound
River cultured population is male parent, and first generation hybrid Population is constructed by the way of colony hybridization；
(2) high temperature stress: in Summer High-Temperature Times, taking 10000-20000 juvenile mollusk at random from hybrid Population, indoors room temperature sea
After temporarily supporting 3 days in water, 0.5 DEG C of heating daily is transferred to mariculture area and carries out normal pipe when remaining about 10% living individuals
Reason obtains first generation breeding line；
(3) second generation breeding: with the standard that gross weight is larger and sexual gland is mature, the core of bay scallop the north subspecies " middle section is red " is selected
The female parent of heart germplasm group and the male parent of first generation breeding line, construct second generation hybrid Population；The step of repeating above-mentioned (2) obtains
Second generation breeding line；
(4) third generation breeding: with the standard that gross weight is larger and sexual gland is mature, the core of bay scallop the north subspecies " middle section is red " is selected
The female parent of heart germplasm group and the male parent of second generation breeding line, construct third generation hybrid Population；The step of repeating above-mentioned (2) obtains
Third generation breeding line；
(5) forth generation breeding: with the standard that gross weight is larger and sexual gland is mature, the core of bay scallop the north subspecies " middle section is red " is selected
The female parent of heart germplasm group and the male parent of third generation breeding line, construct forth generation hybrid Population；The step of repeating above-mentioned (2) obtains
Forth generation breeding line；
(6) purifying of new lines: it is the black alternate individual of orange as new lines that left and right shell color is taken in forth generation breeding line
Parent goes out the stable bay scallop high temperature resistant new lines of character from propagating and cultivating by group.
2. the selection of bay scallop high temperature resistant new lines according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the breeding
Process specifically includes the following steps:
A, close shellfish seed selection: bay scallop the north used subspecies " middle section is red " bivalve is orange red, in first generation parent bay
Scallop south subspecies or so shell is respectively black and white, and the individual of sperm is contributed in the second generation, the third generation and forth generation parent
Bivalve shell color is that orange is black alternate；
B, the foundation of hybrid Population: fertilized eggs are put into and are filled by sperm and ovum needed for being obtained using the method for heating stimulation
In the 500L vinyon bucket of filtering sea, hatching density control is in 20-30/mL, in 24-25 DEG C of water temperature micro inflation
Under the conditions of, it is D-shaped larva through 22-24h hatching；
C, larval culture: above-mentioned D-shaped larva is placed in the vinyon bucket for filling the 500L of 24-25 DEG C of seawater, is cultivated close
Degree is 8-10/mL；Water 1/3-1/2 is changed every time, changes water daily twice；Open-mouthed bait is the equilateral chrysophyceae of ball, when shell length reaches 140
μm when start gradually to feed flat algae；When eyespot occurs in about 30% individual, polyethylene mesh sheet is launched as attachment base；
D, intermediate rearing: juvenile mollusk is placed in the polyethylene mesh bag of 40-50 mesh, and is suspended in pond of keeping a full stand of seedings and carries out intermediate rearing；
E, sea is formed: when shell is long reaches 2-3cm, juvenile mollusk being put into and forms cage, every layer of 40-45 individual changes for every 30-40 days
Cage is primary.
3. the selection of bay scallop high temperature resistant new lines according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: in summer height
At 25-26 DEG C of water temperature of warm phase natural waters, by juvenile mollusk be put into it is indoor temporarily support 3 days after, 0.5 DEG C of heating daily is chosen primary for every 2 hours
Dead individuals when remaining 10% living individuals, are put into natural waters normal management.
4. the selection of bay scallop high temperature resistant new lines according to claim 2, it is characterised in that: the bay
Scallop south subspecies parent shellfish derives from Zhanjiang cultured population, and acquisition time is early Febuary, does fortune method using low temperature and transports north back
Whom promotees in the room Fang Jinhang, daily after 1 DEG C to 10 DEG C of cooling, starts whom heating synchronous with bay scallop north subspecies promotees, rises daily
The bay scallop sexual gland of two subspecies can synchronize maturation after 0.5 DEG C, 19 DEG C of temperature.
5. the selection of bay scallop high temperature resistant new lines according to claim 2, it is characterised in that: the bay
Scallop the north subspecies parent shellfish source is the Core Germplasms group of bay scallop " middle section is red ", and acquisition time is mid-November, and shell is long
5-6cm, bivalve shell color is orange red.
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