CN104255599A - Korea and Mexico gulf scallop hybrid cultivation method - Google Patents
Korea and Mexico gulf scallop hybrid cultivation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN104255599A CN104255599A CN201410482545.0A CN201410482545A CN104255599A CN 104255599 A CN104255599 A CN 104255599A CN 201410482545 A CN201410482545 A CN 201410482545A CN 104255599 A CN104255599 A CN 104255599A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/50—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish
- A01K61/54—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish of bivalves, e.g. oysters or mussels
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
Abstract
Provided is a Korea and Mexico gulf scallop hybrid cultivation method. At the first year, good parent scallops are selected, maturation acceleration is performed on the parent scallops, ova of single Korea gulf scallop and sperms of single Mexico gulf scallop are collected and subjected to mixed insemination to establish Korea and Mexico gulf scallop first filial generation families, and a conventional gulf scallop breeding, keeping and offshore cultivation method is adopted to perform breeding; at the second year, good hybridization families are selected according to the phenotypes of the hybridization families obtained at the first year, good-phenotypic-trait individuals are selected from the good hybridization families, self-fertilization is performed for purification after maturation acceleration, and accordingly multiple Korea and Mexico gulf scallop first filial generation inbred families are established; the same method is adopted to continuously perform inbreeding for more than five generations, namely new variety of stable-inheritance, quickly-growing and large-sized scallops wide in temperature resisting range is obtained. The new variety simultaneously has the good advantages of the Korea gulf scallops and the Mexico gulf scallops. In addition, Korea and Mexico gulf scallop hybrids can be bred in most of sea areas in our country, the yield is improved by higher than 30% compared with the yield of Mexico gulf scallops bred in the southern of our country, and the Korea and Mexico gulf scallop hybrid cultivation method has great economic value.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to shellfish breeding technology, especially relate to breeding method--the breeding method of Han Mo scallop hybrid of a kind of Korea S bay scallop and Gulf of Mexico scallop filial generation new varieties.
Background technology
Gulf of Mexico scallop (Argopecten irradians concentricus) is the subspecies of the littoral bay scallop of U.S., Atlantic; have Fresh & Tender in Texture, thermophily is wide, growth cycle is short, fertility is fast, the feature of easily cultivation etc.; China is introduced in 1991; and obtain and cultivate successfully; at present in Guangdong, Hainan, the ground such as Guangxi formed large-scale cultivation, becomes the pillar industry of Gulf Area shellfish culture.But scallop individuality in the Gulf of Mexico own is less, add the expansion gradually of cultured area and for many generations cultivate, cause disease to take place frequently, plant that matter is degenerated, lethality the problem such as to increase and shows especially, carry out heavy losses to cultivation industrial zone, obviously the genetic improvement of kind of matter carries out to Gulf of Mexico scallop imperative.
Since 2013, China has introduced again a population of bay scallop (Argopecten irradians irradians) from Korea S, with Gulf of Mexico scallop and domestic other bay scallop groupy phase ratios existing, this population shell Seedling height is fast, shell height can reach 9 cm then, but because its shell is wide less, dressing percentage is low, therefore quality is improved further to the new Korea S's bay scallop introduced and be also very important.
The Han Mo scallop hybrid new varieties of obvious cultivation high yield and high quality and new technology thereof are very necessary.
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide a kind of breeding method of Han Mo scallop hybrid new varieties, take place frequently to overcome existing Gulf of Mexico scallop disease, plant the problems such as matter is degenerated, lethality increases.
Another object of the present invention is the deficiency making up existing Korea S bay scallop and Gulf of Mexico scallop scallop hybrid breeding technique.
The present invention is based on following design: 1) consider that Gulf of Mexico scallop shell is wide and closed shell flesh is all comparatively large but shell height is less, and Korea S's bay scallop shell height is comparatively large but shell is wide less, both belong to Argopecten to belong to, chromosome number is identical, shell mould proterties is complementary, and Korea S's bay scallop and Gulf of Mexico scallop are hybridized, to cultivate the new varieties that a kind of shell is high and shell is wide all greatly, dressing percentage is high; 2) again, the accommodation of Gulf of Mexico scallop is 10 DEG C-30 DEG C, be adapted at the cultivation of southern china marine site, and Korea S's bay scallop Acclimation temperature scope is-1 DEG C-31 DEG C, Gulf of Mexico scallop is better than far away to low temperature adaptability, high-temperature adaptability is then close with it, therefore the corresponding expansion of Acclimation temperature scope of filial generation, is adapted at the marine site cultivation of China's major part; 3) because Korea S's bay scallop and Gulf of Mexico scallop are all hermaphroditism, therefore the defect individual selected from its hermaphroditic filial generation carries out continuous selfing, just can rapid purification germline, namely obtain Korea S's bay scallop and Gulf of Mexico scallop filial generation (Han Mo scallop hybrid) new lines of genetic stability.
Therefore the present invention be in view of Korea S's bay scallop and Gulf of Mexico scallop at shell high and shell roomy little, grow and in thermal adaptability etc., proterties had complementary advantages, namely the advantage of Korea S's bay scallop can make up the shortcoming of Gulf of Mexico scallop just, therefore the kind matter of Korea S's bay scallop to Gulf of Mexico scallop is selected to improve specially, and by the sperm of the ovum of Korea S's bay scallop and Gulf of Mexico scallop being carried out inter-subspecies hybrid to cultivate the Han Mo scallop hybrid new varieties of high yield and high quality.
Hybridization scheme of the present invention: First Year head selects excellent Korea S's bay scallop and Gulf of Mexico parent scallop as kind of a shellfish, stimulation of drying in the shade and heat up is carried out after cultivating and impelling scallop gonad maturity, collect the ovum of single Korea S bay scallop and the sperm of single Gulf of Mexico scallop respectively, both are mixed insemination and set up Han Mo hybridization first filial generation family, hybridize first filial generation family according to the multiple Han Mo of this method establishment, with the nursery of bay scallop routine, to keep a full stand of seedings and sea is formed method and cultivated; The phenotype of each hybridization family that Second Year obtains according to First Year selects superior hybrid crosses family, selection traits defect individual from superior hybrid crosses family again, after promoting gonad maturity, purifying is carried out in self-fertilization respectively, thus sets up the self-fertilization family (sff) of multiple Han Mo hybridization first filial generation; Within 3rd year, from above-mentioned self-fertilization family (sff), select superior families again, from superior families, then select defect individual to continue self-fertilization further carry out purifying; So in the same way more than continuous selfing five generation, namely obtain genetic stability and the Han Mo scallop hybrid new varieties that growth is fast, individual greatly, temperature tolerance range is wide.
Obvious the present invention has the good characteristics of Korea S's bay scallop and Gulf of Mexico scallop simultaneously, and growth is fast, shell is high and shell is wide all comparatively greatly, dressing percentage is high, temperature tolerance range is wide.These new varieties are suitable in the marine site cultivation of China's major part and expand culturing area, and yield per unit area can improve than the Gulf of Mexico scallop of the south China of existing a large amount of cultivation and reaches more than 30%, has great economic worth.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
The concrete operation step that family of the present invention is cultivated is as follows:
1. Han Mo hybridizes the cultivation of first filial generation family: first early January and mid-January select respectively the Gulf of Mexico scallop of Korea S's bay scallop of high more than 8.5 centimetres of shell and high more than 5 centimetres of shell each 100 as close shellfish, include in seedling rearing room water body, storing up density is 100/m
3, Korea S's bay scallop is cultivated from 8 DEG C, and Gulf of Mexico scallop is cultivated from 12 DEG C.The method of cultivating be all every natural gift concentration of throwing something and feeding for 8 times is diatom and the flat algae of 3,000,000 cells/ml, and mix in the ratio of 4:1 and throw something and feed, throw something and feed 10L/m at every turn
3, change water 1/2nd every day, every 4 days fall a pond, use air pump continuous charge.Korea S's bay scallop is cultivated after 13 days sexual glands expand gradually at 8 DEG C and is started to heat up, and Gulf of Mexico scallop starts to heat up after 12 DEG C of cultivations, 8 days sexual glands expand gradually, increasing extent of temperature is all improve 0.5 DEG C every day, in time being raised to 18 DEG C, the sexual gland of two kinds of scallops is all close to ripe, now increases the feeding volume of bait gradually until scallop reaches sexual maturity.Select Korea S's bay scallop and the Gulf of Mexico scallop of excellent gonadal maturation, dry in the shade stimulation is after 30 minutes, single scallop is placed in the 2L plastic beaker filling 23 DEG C of seawater, collect sperm and ovum respectively, collect seminal fluid with 500 object silk cover filterings to remove ovum, the ovum collected is placed and is examined under a microscope for 20 minutes later, if be fertilized growth, discards.The ovum of the Korea S's bay scallop obtained and the sperm of Gulf of Mexico scallop are inseminated, 100L white plastic bucket fertilized egg being placed in being filled 23 DEG C of seawater is hatched, then carry out larvae cultivation, seed intermediate rearing and sea according to the conventional breeding method of bay scallop to form, namely obtain Han Mo and hybridize first filial generation family.
2. Han Mo hybridizes the selfing purifying of first filial generation: hybridize the family of first filial generation from some Han Mo of above-mentioned cultivation and select superior families according to the average phenotypic of family, then the scallop that selection 100 individualities are large from superior families includes seedling rearing room in January, can carry out selfing purifying after cultivating gonad maturity.Choose ripe Han Mo and hybridize first filial generation parent shellfish, single scallop, after 30 minutes, is placed in the 2L plastic beaker adding 23 DEG C of seawater in advance and makes its ejaculation of laying eggs by dry in the shade stimulation.Stirring after obtaining smart ovum makes the smart ovum from same scallop mix, then carries out larvae cultivation, seed intermediate rearing and sea according to the conventional breeding method of bay scallop and form, and namely obtains the self-fertilization family (sff) that multiple Han Mo hybridizes first filial generation scallop.
3. the Han Mo hybrid new breed of inheritance stability is cultivated: superior families is selected in the performance according to all individualities of each family, the scallop that selection 100 individualities are excellent from the superior families selected is as the close shellfish of next year selfed breeding, for breed of variety, more than the method for above-mentioned selfing purifying continuous selfing five generation, until the individual performance of major part is excellent and consistent, namely obtain the Han Mo hybrid new breed of inheritance stability.
Embodiment 2
Choose excellent Korea S's bay scallop and each 200 of Gulf of Mexico scallop through cultivating gonad maturity in February, 2014, through dry in the shade and heat up stimulate after obtain the sperm of Korea S's bay scallop ovum and Gulf of Mexico scallop, with obtaining Korea S's bay scallop (ovum) and Gulf of Mexico scallop (essence) hybridization first filial generation after the sperm insemination of Gulf of Mexico scallop, 20 Han Mo hybridization first filial generation familys are obtained altogether through cultivating, each family has about 700, obtain the juvenile mollusk of a large amount of normal development, it grows fine, and hybrid vigour is remarkable.
Claims (5)
1. the breeding method of a Han Mo scallop hybrid, it is characterized in that the scheme of cultivating is: First Year head selects excellent Korea S's bay scallop and Gulf of Mexico parent scallop as close shellfish, include seedling rearing room in January to throw something and feed every day Micro Algae, stimulation of drying in the shade and heat up is carried out after cultivating gonad maturity, collect the ovum of single Korea S bay scallop and the sperm of single Gulf of Mexico scallop respectively, both are mixed insemination and set up Han Mo hybridization first filial generation family, first filial generation family is hybridized according to the multiple Han Mo of this method establishment, with the larvae cultivation of bay scallop routine, seed intermediate rearing and sea are formed method and are cultivated, the phenotype of each hybridization family that Second Year obtains according to First Year selects superior hybrid crosses family, selection traits defect individual from superior hybrid crosses family again, after promoting gonad maturity, purifying is carried out in self-fertilization respectively, thus sets up the self-fertilization family (sff) of multiple Han Mo hybridization first filial generation, within 3rd year, from above-mentioned self-fertilization family (sff), select superior families again, from superior families, then select defect individual to continue self-fertilization further carry out purifying, so in the same way more than continuous selfing five generation, namely obtain genetic stability and the Han Mo scallop hybrid new varieties that growth is fast, individual greatly, temperature tolerance range is wide.
2. a breeding method for Han Mo scallop hybrid, is characterized in that adopting the detailed concrete operation step of family breeding method as follows:
1) Han Mo hybridizes the cultivation of first filial generation family: first early January and mid-January select respectively the Gulf of Mexico scallop of Korea S's bay scallop of high more than 8.5 centimetres of shell and high more than 5 centimetres of shell each 100 as close shellfish, include in seedling rearing room water body, storing up density is 100/m
3, Korea S's bay scallop is cultivated from 8 DEG C, and Gulf of Mexico scallop is cultivated from 12 DEG C, and the method for cultivation is all every natural gift concentration of throwing something and feeding for 8 times is diatom and the flat algae of 3,000,000 cells/ml, and throw something and feed in the ratio mixing of 4:1, throw something and feed 10L/m at every turn
3change water 1/2nd every day, every 4 days fall a pond, use air pump continuous charge, Korea S's bay scallop is cultivated after 13 days sexual glands expand gradually at 8 DEG C and is started to heat up, and Gulf of Mexico scallop starts to heat up after 12 DEG C of cultivations, 8 days sexual glands expand gradually, and increasing extent of temperature is all improve 0.5 DEG C every day, in time being raised to 18 DEG C, the sexual gland of two kinds of scallops is all close to ripe, now increases the feeding volume of bait gradually until scallop reaches sexual maturity, select Korea S's bay scallop and the Gulf of Mexico scallop of excellent gonadal maturation, dry in the shade stimulation is after 30 minutes, single scallop is placed in the 2L plastic beaker filling 23 DEG C of seawater, collect sperm and ovum respectively, collect seminal fluid with 500 object silk cover filterings to remove ovum, the ovum collected is placed and is examined under a microscope for 20 minutes later, if be fertilized growth, discard, the ovum of the Korea S's bay scallop obtained and the sperm of Gulf of Mexico scallop are inseminated, 100L white plastic bucket fertilized egg being placed in being filled 23 DEG C of seawater is hatched, then larvae cultivation is carried out according to the conventional breeding method of bay scallop, seed intermediate rearing and sea are formed, namely obtain Han Mo and hybridize first filial generation family,
2) Han Mo hybridizes the selfing purifying of first filial generation: hybridize the family of first filial generation from some Han Mo of above-mentioned cultivation and select superior families according to the average phenotypic of family, then the scallop that selection 100 individualities are large from superior families includes seedling rearing room as close shellfish in January, selfing purifying can be carried out after cultivating gonad maturity, choose ripe Han Mo and hybridize first filial generation parent shellfish, dry in the shade stimulation is after 30 minutes, single scallop is placed in the 2L plastic beaker adding 23 DEG C of seawater in advance and makes its ejaculation of laying eggs, stirring after obtaining smart ovum makes the smart ovum from same scallop mix, larvae cultivation is carried out again according to the conventional breeding method of bay scallop, seed intermediate rearing and sea are formed, namely the self-fertilization family (sff) that multiple Han Mo hybridizes first filial generation scallop is obtained,
3) the Han Mo hybrid new breed of inheritance stability is cultivated: superior families is selected in the performance according to all individualities of each family, the scallop that selection 100 individualities are excellent from the superior families selected is as the close shellfish of next year selfed breeding, for breed of variety, more than the method for above-mentioned selfing purifying continuous selfing five generation, namely obtain the Han Mo hybrid new breed of inheritance stability.
3. the breeding method of Han Mo scallop hybrid as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that above-mentioned Micro Algae is diatom and flat algae.
4. the breeding method of Han Mo scallop hybrid as claimed in claim 3, is characterized in that the ratio of diatom in above-mentioned Micro Algae and flat algae is 4:1.
5. the breeding method of Han Mo scallop hybrid as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that the temperature of the above-mentioned scallop to gonad maturity being carried out to intensification stimulation is 23 DEG C.
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN104770319A (en) * | 2015-04-28 | 2015-07-15 | 大连长海振禄水产有限公司 | Interspecific hybridization and propagation method for deep sea scallops and chlamys farreri |
| CN104823889A (en) * | 2015-05-20 | 2015-08-12 | 莱州市曙光渔业有限公司 | Breeding method for scallop hybridization breeding |
| CN108244007A (en) * | 2018-01-21 | 2018-07-06 | 青岛海弘达生物科技有限公司 | The breeding method of female Patinopecten yessoensis and male Alaska scallop hybrid new breed |
| CN108541636A (en) * | 2018-01-21 | 2018-09-18 | 青岛农业大学 | The breeding method of female Alaska scallop and male Yessoensis new varieties |
| CN114451335A (en) * | 2021-09-16 | 2022-05-10 | 中国科学院烟台海岸带研究所 | Method for cultivating three-way hybrid scallop commercial seedlings |
| CN114451336A (en) * | 2021-09-16 | 2022-05-10 | 中国科学院烟台海岸带研究所 | Breeding method based on three-way hybridization of purple scallops, bay scallops and gulf scallops |
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| CN102318571A (en) * | 2011-08-05 | 2012-01-18 | 青岛农业大学 | The breeding method of the purple scallop hybrid new varieties in sea |
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Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104770319A (en) * | 2015-04-28 | 2015-07-15 | 大连长海振禄水产有限公司 | Interspecific hybridization and propagation method for deep sea scallops and chlamys farreri |
| CN104770319B (en) * | 2015-04-28 | 2017-07-11 | 大连长海振禄水产有限公司 | The interspecific hybridization of deep-sea scallop and Chlamys farreri and aquaculture method |
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| CN108541636A (en) * | 2018-01-21 | 2018-09-18 | 青岛农业大学 | The breeding method of female Alaska scallop and male Yessoensis new varieties |
| CN114451335A (en) * | 2021-09-16 | 2022-05-10 | 中国科学院烟台海岸带研究所 | Method for cultivating three-way hybrid scallop commercial seedlings |
| CN114451336A (en) * | 2021-09-16 | 2022-05-10 | 中国科学院烟台海岸带研究所 | Breeding method based on three-way hybridization of purple scallops, bay scallops and gulf scallops |
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