CN105766726B - A kind of cross-breeding method of Chlamys nobilis (female) and Gulf of Mexico scallop (hero) - Google Patents
A kind of cross-breeding method of Chlamys nobilis (female) and Gulf of Mexico scallop (hero) Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the crossbreeding technology field of marine commercial molluscs, especially a kind of cross-breeding method of Chlamys nobilis (female) and Gulf of Mexico scallop (hero).A kind of cross-breeding method of Chlamys nobilis (female) and Gulf of Mexico scallop (hero), the following steps are included: (1) is maternal, Gulf of Mexico scallop as male parent using Chlamys nobilis, selection is carried out to Chlamys nobilis and Gulf of Mexico scallop and is temporarily supported；(2) using the method for heating of drying in the shade, to the Chlamys nobilis and Gulf of Mexico scallop progress artificial induced spawning after selecting；(3) ovum of Chlamys nobilis and the sperm of Gulf of Mexico scallop are collected, artificial insemination then is carried out to Chlamys nobilis, to obtain hybrid generation.Higher rate of fertilization (80.43%) and hatching rate (65.51%) are all had using the scallop hybrid generation that cross-breeding method of the invention obtains, hybridization larvae development is normal, and the floating larvae hybridized has apparent growth vigor.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the crossbreeding technology field of marine commercial molluscs, especially a kind of Chlamys nobilis (female) with
The cross-breeding method of Gulf of Mexico scallop (hero).
Background technique
Chlamys nobilis (Chlamys nobilis), also known as noble cockle clam, are subordinate to Mollusca, lamellibranchiata, the wing
Type subclass, pearl shell mesh, Pectenidae, Chlamys farreri category.NATURAL DISTRIBUTION in Tropical Ocean Areas such as China Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan and
The ground such as Japan, Vietnam, Indonesia are the important culturing economic shellfishes in China.Late 1970s, the kind is in China
Zhangzhou, Fujian starts to cultivate, and the middle and later periods eighties becomes the excellent variety of Southeast Coast of Fujian Province large-scale cultivation, gradually pushes away later
Extensively to Guangdong Huizhou Australia head, Shenzhen Nan'ao, Zhanjiang, Weizhou Island, Guangxi and other places.Currently, Chlamys nobilis is in Beihai Fisheries Base Guangxi Province, wide
Eastern Zhanjiang Western Guangdong Waters have formed certain cultivation scale, become the pillar industry of Gulf Area shellfish culture.
Gulf of Mexico scallop (Argopecten irradians concentricus Say) also known as bay scallop south
Subspecies are subordinate to Mollusca, lamellibranchiata, wing row subclass, pearl shell mesh, Pectenidae, bay scallop category, are U.S., Atlantic edge
Bank NATURAL DISTRIBUTION kind was introduced from Fla. by the peaceful academician of the Institute of Oceanology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences good fortune in 1991 and is moved
Plant the shellfish culture new varieties in China.The nineteen ninety-five Chinese Academy of Sciences sets up pilot in Guangxi region for the first time in ocean, which is introduced
Popularization cultivation is carried out in provinces such as Guangxi, Guangdong, Fujian, Hainan afterwards, and is promoted in Weizhou Island, Beihai, Guangxi, west of Guangdong Province Yuexi Gulf Area
It is succeeded.The kind is compared with domestic northern kind of Chlamys farreri and southern kind of Chlamys nobilis, the fast, period with growth
Short (6 months), fresh meat column rate are up to 20%, and (bay scallop only has 11%, and Chlamys farreri and Chlamys nobilis only have 12-
15%) the features such as, scallop yield is up to 6000-9000 pounds/acre, is suitble to south cultivation and large export processing.
In production practice, hybridization is the important means that animals and plants carry out genetic improvement, and effect mainly directly utilizes
Hybrid vigour has better than the superior hybrid crosses filial generation of parental trait or prepares intermediate materials for breeding.Hybrid vigour refers to two
The hybrid F that the different parents of a genetic background generate1In growth potential, viability, fecundity, resistance, yield and quality
On the phenomenon more superior than the side of parent or parents.Hybrid vigour is a kind of generally existing important biomolecule phenomenon, to improvement
The production performance of biology plays a significant role.Crossbreeding does not generate new gene, but by the gene of existing living resources and
Character is reconfigured, and will be scattered in the assortment of genes of different groups together, establish the genotype for meeting people's wish and
Phenotype.The genetic worth of hybridization is: (1) can sharp shake the conservative of heredity, the heredity of hybrid is made to be imbued with travelling
Property, there is a possibility that more plasticity, the various aspects that the oriented mankind cultivate develop；(2) it can improve rapidlyly and significantly
Hybrid viability and obtain hybrid vigour；(3) hybridization can enrich genetic structure, more extensive hereditary basis be provided, by miscellaneous
It hands over the independent assortment of genes of above individual of the different kind of more than two hereditary basis or kind, generates parent and never occur
That crosses surmounts the merit of parental generation, and then excellent individual may be selected through cultivating into new varieties in people.
Chlamys nobilis is gonochorism, is Chlamys farreri category (Mimachlamys) scallop；Gulf of Mexico scallop is female
It is male androgynous, it is bay scallop category (Argopecten) scallop, but the chromosome item number of two kinds of scallops is all the same.Chlamys nobilis
Individual is larger, longer at the shellfish culture-cycle, and generally 18 months, fresh meat column rate was 12-15%；Gulf of Mexico scallop individual is opposite
Smaller, the speed of growth is very fast, and the culture-cycle is short, and generally 6 months, fresh meat column rate was up to 20%.Therefore, each according to two kinds of scallops
From the biological superiority and deficiency (table 1) having, the complementary advantage character of two kinds of scallops is utilized, it is intended that pass through crossbreeding
Chlamys nobilis (female) is polymerize with the respective advantage character gene of Gulf of Mexico scallop (hero), hybrid generation is enable to produce
The raw merit for being better than parents' sheet, for carrying out the research of Gulf of Mexico scallop genetic improvement, with good new lines substitution
The old kind degenerated, makes scallop industry healthy and sustainable development, has great theory significance and realistic meaning.
The main biological property of 1 Chlamys nobilis of table and Gulf of Mexico scallop compares
The information disclosed in the background technology section is intended only to increase the understanding to general background of the invention, without answering
When being considered as recognizing or imply that the information constitutes the prior art already known to those of ordinary skill in the art in any form.
Summary of the invention
For the germplasm degenerate problem and the deficiencies in the prior art occurred in Gulf of Mexico scallop culture in recent years, this hair
Bright to provide the cross-breeding method of a kind of Chlamys nobilis (female) and Gulf of Mexico scallop (hero), this method can be such that hybridization group obtains
Higher fertility rate and hatchability is obtained, hybridization larvae development is normal, and the floating larvae hybridized has obvious growth vigor.
The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
A kind of cross-breeding method of Chlamys nobilis (female) and Gulf of Mexico scallop (hero), comprising the following steps:
(1) it is maternal, Gulf of Mexico scallop as male parent using Chlamys nobilis, Chlamys nobilis and the Gulf of Mexico is fanned
Shellfish carries out Juvenile stage and temporarily supports；
(2) using the method for heating of drying in the shade, Chlamys nobilis and Gulf of Mexico scallop to gonadal maturation are carried out
Artificial induced spawning；
(3) ovum of Chlamys nobilis and the sperm of Gulf of Mexico scallop are collected, then Chlamys nobilis is carried out
Artificial insemination, to obtain hybrid generation.
Preferably, the Juvenile stage and temporarily feeding concrete operations are as follows: selection Chlamys nobilis and the Gulf of Mexico
Scallop 27-28 DEG C of water temperature, salinity 24-25 seawater storage pond, holding pond in temporarily support 5 days after, select energetic, individual healthy and strong and
Reach complete sexually matured Chlamys nobilis and Gulf of Mexico scallop as parent.
Preferably, the male and female quantity ratio of the Chlamys nobilis and Gulf of Mexico scallop is 1:3.
Preferably, the concrete operations of the heating of drying in the shade are as follows: in fine day by Chlamys nobilis and the Gulf of Mexico
Scallop takes out from 27-28 DEG C of water temperature of storage pond, holding pond, is placed in cemented platform and dry in the shade after 30min, by Chlamys nobilis
In the fresh seawater container to be produced for being respectively put into 29-30 DEG C of water temperature with Gulf of Mexico scallop.
Preferably, the artificial induced spawning is manually to be urged Chlamys nobilis and Gulf of Mexico scallop simultaneously
It produces, makes Chlamys nobilis discharge ovum and Gulf of Mexico scallop discharge sperm basic synchronization.
Preferably, the collection method of the Chlamys nobilis ovum, concrete operations are as follows: observation is put into be held wait produce
The female shellfish of the Chlamys nobilis of device, when the ovum of the female shellfish discharge of Chlamys nobilis full of entirely container to be produced and makes entirely wait produce
When seawater in container takes on a red color, by the female shellfish of the Chlamys nobilis laid eggs move on to it is new continue to ovulate in container wait produce,
Water body is gently agitated for clean glass bar until Chlamys nobilis is no longer laid eggs, and every 10min.
Preferably, the collection method of the Gulf of Mexico scallop sperm, concrete operations are as follows: examine be put into
Close shellfish is taken out rapidly when there is Gulf of Mexico scallop to start to discharge sperm, uses filtering sea by the Gulf of Mexico scallop for producing container
Be put into after 3 times after flushing fill fresh seawater wait produce in container, to obtain Gulf of Mexico scallop sperm；Until the Gulf of Mexico is fanned
Shellfish starts after discharging red ovum, does not just regather Gulf of Mexico scallop sperm.
Preferably, collecting has the container to be produced of Gulf of Mexico scallop sperm that should be kept in dark place.
Preferably, the artificial insemination method, concrete operations are as follows: the Chlamys nobilis ovum and ink that will be collected into
Western brother gulf scallop sperm simultaneously be put into 28 ± 0.5 DEG C of water temperature, salinity 24-25 hatchery in make its fertilization, with obtain hybridization son
Generation.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the scallop hybrid generation that cross-breeding method of the invention obtains all has higher fertility rate and hatchability,
Hybrid generation larvae development is normal, and the floating larvae hybridized has apparent growth vigor.
(2) Chlamys nobilis individual used in cross-breeding method of the invention is larger, grows slower, Cheng Beiyang
It is longer to grow the period, and generally 18 months；And Gulf of Mexico scallop individual is smaller, the speed of growth is very fast, and the culture-cycle is short, generally
6 months.Two kinds of scallops respectively have complementary advantage character and deficiency.
(3) cross-breeding method of the invention can be Gulf of Mexico scallop genetic improvement and Gulf of Mexico scallop in recent years
The germplasm degenerate problem occurred in breeding process provides a kind of effective solution approach.
Specific embodiment
Below with reference to embodiment, specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail, it is to be understood that guarantor of the invention
Shield range is not limited by the specific implementation.
Unless otherwise explicitly stated, otherwise in entire disclosure and claims, term " includes " or its change
Changing such as "comprising" or " including " etc. will be understood to comprise stated element or component, and not exclude other members
Part or other component parts.
Embodiment 1:
A kind of cross-breeding method of Chlamys nobilis (female) and Gulf of Mexico scallop (hero), comprising the following steps: choose
Select plentiful sexual gland, individual healthy and strong, energetic, the complete Chlamys nobilis of shell (female) and Gulf of Mexico parent scallop.By
It is a to be cleaned, the attachments such as oyster, barnacle, the lime worm of shell surface attachment are removed with iron knife, remove shell surface mud,
Shell surface is rinsed with clean filtering sea again.Then to be no more than 50/m2Even density launch at culture pond bottom
(cultivating in a female, male point pond), slowly plus at filtering sea to cultivation pool water level 40cm, micro- inflation, the same day not bait throwing in, to prevent close shellfish
Discharge sperm and ovum.Next day reduces water level, chooses dead shellfish, and at slow plus filtering sea to 80cm, early daily, evening is twice to feeding
It grows and feeds chrysophyceae and flat algae in pond, based on evening, feeding volume is depending on the circumstances, by chartreuse of breeding water body for most
It is good, miniflow water air-charging incubation.
After temporarily supporting 5 days, the maturity of observation Chlamys nobilis (female) and Gulf of Mexico scallop (hero) close shellfish sexual gland, if
Its maturity is high, and sexual gland is full and color is deep, and ovum grain is in clear apparent graininess, then can carry out artificial induced spawning work.
The fine day morning is selected, Chlamys nobilis (female) and Gulf of Mexico scallop (hero) is 27-28 DEG C from water temperature and is temporarily supported
It is taken out in pond, is placed in cemented platform and dry in the shade after 30min, by Chlamys nobilis (female) and Gulf of Mexico scallop (hero)
Being respectively put into water temperature is 29-30 DEG C wait produce in container.It examines, it is fast when there is Gulf of Mexico scallop to start to discharge sperm
Speed takes out close shellfish, be put into after three times after filtering seawater flushing fill fresh seawater wait produce in container, to obtain Mexico
Gulf scallop sperm；When scallop starts discharge red ovum until the Gulf of Mexico, Gulf of Mexico scallop sperm is not just regathered.Together
When observation be put into the container to be produced of Chlamys nobilis, when the ovum of the female shellfish discharge of Chlamys nobilis is full of entirely container to be produced
And when the seawater entirely wait produce in container being made to take on a red color, the female shellfish of the Chlamys nobilis laid eggs is moved on into new container to be produced
In, until the female shellfish of Chlamys nobilis is no longer laid eggs, and water is gently agitated for clean glass bar every 10min
Body avoids ovum from being sunken to water-bed for a long time and the case where dead ovum occur.Container to be produced equipped with sperm, which should be noted that, to be protected from light, in order to avoid drop
The vigor of low sperm.
Collect Chlamys nobilis ovum and Gulf of Mexico scallop sperm.Chlamys nobilis ovum to hybridization is static
It is deposited to after producing container bottom, falls off upper ocean water, then pour into ovum and sperm in plastics hatching barrel together, it is micro-
Inflation, microscopy, which is observed around general 1 ovum, has 2-3 sperm to be advisable.
After Chlamys nobilis ovum and the insemination of Gulf of Mexico scallop sperm, fertilized eggs can be moved to mutually synthermal and salinity
Culture pond in continue to cultivate, to obtain hybrid generation.
Embodiment 2:
At the beginning of 5 months 2015, respectively in the unrestrained nursery of the Zhanjiang, Guangdong Province Suixi County town Cao Tan silver and Zhanjiang, Guangdong Province thunder
State city, scallop culture area, drift sand port buys Gulf of Mexico scallop and Chlamys nobilis parent shellfish, according to the hybridization in above-mentioned implementation 1
Producing method for seed is selected close shellfish, cleaned and is temporarily supported.After temporarily supporting 5 days, hybridization scallop is selected according to above-mentioned implementation method,
And Chlamys nobilis (female) is hybridized with Gulf of Mexico scallop (hero) by the above process, it observes under an optical microscope miscellaneous
The embryo development procedure (being shown in Table 2) in jiao zi generation, respectively in after fertilization 25min and statistical average rate of fertilization and average hatching rate for 24 hours
The case where (be shown in Table 3).After development of fertilized ova to 2 age in days D-shaped larvas, the floating larvae of daily timing sampling three combinations is taken
Sample measures that its shell is long and shell is high to 11 ages in days under an optical microscope.2nd, 3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11 ages in days totally 10 times
The measurement result of floating larvae is shown in Table 4.
2 Chlamys nobilis of table (female) and Gulf of Mexico scallop (hero) hybrid generation embryo development procedure (water temperature 28 ±
0.5 DEG C, salinity 24-25)
Note: hybridization group HM (Chlamys nobilis ♀ × Gulf of Mexico scallop ♂)；Selfing group MM (Gulf of Mexico scallop ♀ ×
Gulf of Mexico scallop ♂)；Selfing group HH (Chlamys nobilis ♀ × Chlamys nobilis ♂)
As shown in Table 2, hybridization group and selfing group are available normotrophic in 28 ± 0.5 DEG C of breeding water bodies of water temperature
Filial generation.In terms of embryonic development situation, HM hybridization group development to time required for D-shaped larva is respectively less than MM selfing group and HH selfing
Group (HM 19h, HM 21h, MM 22h).
Average fertility rate and hatchability (the water of 3 Chlamys nobilis of table (female) and Gulf of Mexico scallop (hero) hybrid generation
Warm 28 ± 0.5 DEG C, salinity 24-25)
Note: hybridization group HM (Chlamys nobilis ♀ × Gulf of Mexico scallop ♂)；Selfing group MM (Gulf of Mexico scallop ♀ ×
Gulf of Mexico scallop ♂)；Selfing group HH (Chlamys nobilis ♀ × Chlamys nobilis ♂)
As can be seen from Table 3, the average rate of fertilization of than two selfing groups (MM and HH) of the average rate of fertilization of hybridization group HM is low
The average percentage hatch rate of 11.1%, hybridization group HM are lower by 24.9% than the average percentage hatch rate of two selfing groups.
4 Chlamys nobilis of table (female) and Gulf of Mexico scallop (hero) hybrid generation floating larvae growth data (unit:
μm)
(28 ± 0.5 DEG C of water temperature, salinity 24-25)
Note: hybridization group HM (Chlamys nobilis ♀ × Gulf of Mexico scallop ♂)；Selfing group MM (Gulf of Mexico scallop ♀ ×
Gulf of Mexico scallop ♂)；Selfing group HH (Chlamys nobilis ♀ × Chlamys nobilis ♂)
As can be seen from Table 4, the shell of the floating larvae of hybridization group HM is long and shell height is above selfing group MM and HH, shows HM
Hybrid generation larva has obvious heterosis, hybrid vigor compared with two selfing groups.
In conclusion all having higher rate of fertilization using the scallop hybrid generation that cross breeding method of the invention obtains
And hatching rate, hybridization larvae development is normal, and the floating larvae hybridized has obvious growth vigor.This method can be Mo Xi
The germplasm degenerate problem occurred during brother gulf scallop genetic improvement and in recent years Gulf of Mexico scallop culture, which provides one kind, to be had
The solution route of effect.
The aforementioned description to specific exemplary embodiment of the invention is in order to illustrate and illustration purpose.These descriptions
It is not wishing to limit the invention to disclosed precise forms, and it will be apparent that according to the above instruction, can much be changed
And variation.The purpose of selecting and describing the exemplary embodiment is that explaining specific principle of the invention and its actually answering
With so that those skilled in the art can be realized and utilize a variety of different exemplary implementation schemes of the invention and
Various chooses and changes.The scope of the present invention is intended to be limited by claims and its equivalents.
Claims (4)
1. the cross-breeding method of a kind of Chlamys nobilis and Gulf of Mexico scallop, which comprises the following steps:
(1) be maternal, Gulf of Mexico scallop as male parent using Chlamys nobilis, to Chlamys nobilis and Gulf of Mexico scallop into
Row Juvenile stage is supported with temporary；
(2) using the method for heating of drying in the shade, Chlamys nobilis and Gulf of Mexico scallop to gonadal maturation carry out artificial
It hastens parturition；
(3) ovum of Chlamys nobilis and the sperm of Gulf of Mexico scallop are collected, then Chlamys nobilis is carried out artificial
Insemination, to obtain hybrid generation；
Juvenile stage described in step (1) and temporarily feeding concrete operations are as follows: select Chlamys nobilis and Gulf of Mexico scallop
27-28 DEG C of water temperature, salinity 24-25 seawater storage pond, holding pond in temporarily support 5 days after, select energetic, individual healthy and strong and have reached
Complete sexually matured Chlamys nobilis and Gulf of Mexico scallop are as parent；The Chlamys nobilis and the Gulf of Mexico is fanned
The male and female quantity ratio of shellfish is 1:3；
Dry in the shade described in step (2) heating concrete operations it is as follows: in fine day by Chlamys nobilis and Gulf of Mexico scallop
It is taken out from 27-28 DEG C of water temperature of storage pond, holding pond, is placed in cemented platform and dry in the shade after 30min, by Chlamys nobilis and ink
Western brother gulf scallop is respectively put into 29-30 DEG C of water temperature of fresh seawater container to be produced；
Artificial induced spawning described in step (2) is to carry out artificial induced spawning to Chlamys nobilis and Gulf of Mexico scallop simultaneously, is made
It is synchronous with Gulf of Mexico scallop discharge sperm that Chlamys nobilis discharges ovum；
The collection method of Chlamys nobilis ovum described in step (3), concrete operations are as follows: observation is put into container to be produced
The female shellfish of Chlamys nobilis, when the ovum of the female shellfish discharge of Chlamys nobilis full of entirely container to be produced and makes entirely container to be produced
In seawater when taking on a red color, by the female shellfish of the Chlamys nobilis laid eggs move on to it is new continue to ovulate in container wait produce, until
Until Chlamys nobilis is no longer laid eggs, and water body is gently agitated for clean glass bar every 10min.
2. the cross-breeding method of Chlamys nobilis according to claim 1 and Gulf of Mexico scallop, which is characterized in that
The collection method of the Gulf of Mexico scallop sperm, concrete operations are as follows: examining the Gulf of Mexico for being put into container to be produced
Scallop rapidly takes out close shellfish when there is Gulf of Mexico scallop to start to discharge sperm, with being put into after 3 times after filtering seawater flushing
Fill fresh seawater wait produce in container, to obtain Gulf of Mexico scallop sperm；Until the Gulf of Mexico, it is red to start discharge for scallop
After ovum, Gulf of Mexico scallop sperm is not just regathered.
3. the cross-breeding method of Chlamys nobilis according to claim 2 and Gulf of Mexico scallop, which is characterized in that
Collection has the container to be produced of Gulf of Mexico scallop sperm that should be kept in dark place.
4. the cross-breeding method of Chlamys nobilis according to claim 1 and Gulf of Mexico scallop, which is characterized in that
The artificial insemination method, concrete operations are as follows: Chlamys nobilis ovum and Gulf of Mexico scallop sperm will be collected into simultaneously
Be put into 28 ± 0.5 DEG C of water temperature, salinity 24-25 hatchery in make its fertilization, to obtain hybrid generation.
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