CN106069956A - A kind of selection of the sea low temperature resistant strain of the miscellaneous scallop that backcrosses - Google Patents
A kind of selection of the sea low temperature resistant strain of the miscellaneous scallop that backcrosses Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention relates to the selection of a kind of sea low temperature resistant strain of the miscellaneous scallop that backcrosses, it is characterized in that first selecting bay scallop and fast growth in purple scallop first-filial generation family or colony, individuality that low temperature tolerance ability is strong, as kind of a shellfish；Recycle the foundation that backcrosses of individuality that in above-mentioned first-filial generation, low temperature tolerance ability is strong and bay scallop sperm to backcross family or colony；Then by the selection-breeding of at least three low temperature resistant breeding core groups, low temperature resistant strain can be cultivated.Owing to the present invention uses fast growth, the purple first-filial generation in heterosis, hybrid vigor significantly sea is maternal, again by backcrossing in the anti-cold gene pyramiding of bay scallop to extra large miscellaneous first backcross generation with bay scallop (male parent), and using the strong individuality of low temperature ability in extra large miscellaneous first backcross generation as breeding core group, experience the low temperature resistant selection-breeding in continuous 3 generations, its low temperature tolerance ability is extended to 0 DEG C, and the speed of growth improves 15% than bay scallop.Obviously the present invention is simple to operation, is widely used in the selection-breeding of the low temperature resistant strain of scallop hybrid.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the breeding technique of shellfish aquaculture, especially relate to the miscellaneous low temperature resistant strain of the scallop that backcrosses in a kind of sea
Breeding method.
Background technology
It is littoral that bay scallop (Argopecten irradians irradians) originates in U.S., Atlantic, in nineteen eighty-two
Introduce China.Owing to the growth of this scallop is fast, the culture-cycle is short, and temperature tolerance range is wide (-1-31 DEG C), becomes northern China cultivation
The main breed variety (Zhang Fusui, 2000) in district, yield was once reaching more than 80 ten thousand tons in 2005.Business yet with itself
Product specification less (about 5-6 centimetre), and the life-span short (about 13 months) (Dall., 1909；Minchin., 2003), and long after introduction
Phase only supports sterile, result in kind of matter and degenerates, causes commodity shellfish specification more and more less (Zhang Guofan etc., 2003), seedling cultivation process
Middle mortality rate is higher, and within such as 2007, bay scallop mortality rate is up to about 70%, the most seriously constrains our province bay scallop culture
The development of industry.For this phenomenon, domestic shellfish breeding scholar has carried out Genetic improvement by introducing a fine variety rejuvenation to bay scallop, has taken
Obtained some effects but failed fundamentally to solve kind of a matter degenerate problem.Therefore, scallop culture industry is badly in need of turning out a kind of individuality
Greatly, grow scallop new varieties fast, adaptable, support the sustainable health development of China's scallop culture industry.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide the selection of a kind of sea low temperature resistant strain of the miscellaneous scallop that backcrosses, to make up prior art
Deficiency.
The present invention, based on the idea that research finds, originates in the purple scallop (Argopecten of the South Pacific Ocean
Purpuratus) being a kind of medium-sized scallop of fast-growing type, broadly fall into Argopecten with bay scallop and belong to, Chromosome number is identical, and
It is all hermaphroditism, but the two is complementary in aspect character such as Individual Size, growth and thermal adaptabilitys, by bay scallop with purple
The intervarietal hybridization of scallop, although finding that hybridization first filial generation can produce bigger hybrid vigor, but wants spread to still suffer from
Two bigger difficulties: firstly, since the temperature adaptation narrow range of the purple scallop introduced, Qingdao and on the south marine site can not
Aestivate, Qingdao and to the north of marine site can not survive the winter, thus to obtain be largely used to cultivate hybridization first filial generation purple scallop kind shellfish
The most difficult.Secondly as bay scallop and purple scallop are all hermaphroditic scallops, discharge sperm and ovum, ovum simultaneously
It is easily subject to the pollution of sperm of the same race, it is difficult to a large amount of acquisition unfertilized eggs are for intervarietal hybridization, thus cause obtained commodity
The ratio of filial generation real in seed is substantially reduced, and the increase rate making yield is the most limited.
Research also finds, hybridization first filial generation (F1) is same with the first backcross generation of bay scallop sperm (the miscellaneous scallop BC1 that backcrosses in sea)
Sample shows significant hybrid vigor, compared with the bay scallop of the same period, carries respectively in terms of shell height, shell length, shell width and body weight
High 28.2-46.3%, 29.5-45.7%, 16.4-32.3% and 74.0-134.9%.Temperature tolerance experiment proves sea miscellaneous time
The cold tolerance (2.7 DEG C) handing over BC1 improves substantially than purple scallop (12-26 DEG C), can get at Qingdao sea area in the major part time
Winter, but the cold tolerance of the miscellaneous scallop that backcrosses in sea is still below bay scallop (-1 DEG C), and the time that temperature is relatively low in the winter time is (such as 2009
Year) phenomena of mortality also occur.
Therefore, the problem that the present invention is directed to current scallop hybrid low temperature tolerance ability difference, purple miscellaneous from the sea that low temperature tolerance ability is strong
The individuality selecting low temperature tolerance ability strong in F1 is handed over to do female parent, by backcrossing with bay scallop sperm, by the cold-resistant base of bay scallop
Because importing in scallop hybrid, to strengthen its low temperature resistant ability；It is especially considering that Qingdao sea area there will be 0 when extreme weather
Water temperature about DEG C, therefore, the present invention, according to aquaculture sea area environmental condition and the scallop hybrid adaptation ability to temperature environment, enters
Row low temperature (0 DEG C) coerces selection-breeding, reaches to screen the strong individuality of anti-seismic design as planting shellfish, then coerces cultivation extremely through continuous low temperature
More than three generations, i.e. the stable heredity of acquisition and low temperature tolerant ability is suitable for by force the low temperature resistant new varieties survived the winter in marine site, Shandong, meets
The market demand.
Technical scheme:
1, the selection of the low temperature resistant strain of the miscellaneous scallop that backcrosses in a kind of sea, it is characterised in that select from bay scallop with purple
Defect individual in the hybridization first filial generation family of scallop or colony is as female parent, and the foundation that first backcrosses with bay scallop (male parent) backcrosses
Family or colony, then select to show low temperature tolerance ability in excellent backcross family or backcross population and reach the individual conduct of 0 DEG C
Plant shellfish, cultivate at least three generations the most continuously through low temperature stress, i.e. obtain stable hereditary and that low temperature tolerant ability is strong low temperature resistant new product
Kind.
2. the selection of the sea low temperature resistant strain of the miscellaneous scallop that backcrosses, it is characterised in that it includes following operating procedure:
1) selection and the accelerating of shellfish are planted: from above-mentioned first-filial generation, select big individual scallop, select big individual sea simultaneously
Gulf scallop kind shellfish, including in seedling rearing room water body at the beginning of 1 month, storing up density is 100/m3, select to start to cultivate kind of a shellfish from 10 DEG C,
Every natural gift are thrown something and fed for 6 times the unit cell algae such as Phaeodactylum that concentration is 200-300 ten thousand cells/ml and flat algae, throw something and feed 15 every time
Liter/m3, change water 1/3rd, pond, continuous charge in every 6 days every day.Cultivate after expanding occur in 10 days gonads at 10 DEG C and open
Beginning to heat up, improve 0.5 DEG C every day, in time being raised to 17 DEG C, gonad is close to ripe, is gradually increased the feeding volume of bait until hybridization one
Sexual maturity is reached for scallop and bay scallop；
2) cultivation of the miscellaneous scallop basic population that backcrosses in sea: select at least 50 above-mentioned first-filial generation gonadal maturations, individual
Body is relatively big and gonad only has the scallop that female district grows, dry in the shade stimulation 30 minutes, is placed at once in the spawning pond of 23 DEG C of sea water so that it is
Lay eggs.Still further select the bay scallop of more than 20 gonadal maturations, be placed in the Plastic Drum being previously added 23 DEG C of sea water
Lay eggs and arrange essence, then with the silk cover filtering of 500 mesh, collect the seminal fluid without bay scallop ovum, and take a small amount of this seminal fluid addition
In the ovum of above-mentioned hybridization first filial generation, stirring makes essence ovum mix homogeneously, and basis of microscopic observation makes there be 5-6 essence around each ovum
Son, then germ cell is placed under dark surrounds hatching, conventionally germ cell is cultivated to becoming the most extra large miscellaneous first backcross generation of shellfish
BC1, based on colony；
3) selection-breeding of the most low temperature resistant breeding core population:, bodily form feature purplish red with fast growth, shell color substantially and
Energetic for standard, above-mentioned plinth colony is selected by selection intensity 5% the miscellaneous scallop that backcrosses in sea of gonadal maturation, dry in the shade stimulation
Rear collection respectively hybridizes ovum and sperm, according to essence ovum ratio 5:1 insemination；Germ cell is placed under dark surrounds hatching, then
When conventionally germ cell being cultivated to 10 monthly age, then choose healthy become shellfish carry out low temperature and coerce 96h continuously, coerce temperature
Degree controls at 0 DEG C, filters out living individuals composition low temperature resistant breeding core population for the first time；
4) selection-breeding of the most low temperature resistant breeding core population: low temperature resistant for above-mentioned first time core population is continued cultivation extremely
Sexual maturity；Filtering out body weight at more than 50g by selection intensity 5%, shell is high at more than 6cm, the scallop hybrid of gonadal maturation
Shellfish is planted in individual conduct, collects its ovum and sperm after dry in the shade stimulation respectively, according to essence ovum ratio 5:1 insemination, continues to cultivate to 10
During the monthly age, then choose healthy become shellfish coerce at 0 DEG C of low temperature carrying out continuous 96h, i.e. filter out living individuals as second time
Low temperature resistant breeding core population proceeds cultivation；
5) so carrying out continuous 3 generations coerces selection-breeding, filters out the low temperature resistant breeding core population of third time as kind of a shellfish, breeding
The seed gone out can be used as the low temperature resistant strain of scallop hybrid.
Advantages of the present invention and good effect:
1) present invention uses fast growth, and the significant bay scallop of heterosis, hybrid vigor is female with the first-filial generation of purple scallop
This, then by backcrossing in the anti-cold gene pyramiding of bay scallop to extra large miscellaneous first backcross generation with bay scallop (male parent), and with sea
The individuality that in miscellaneous first backcross generation, low temperature ability is strong, as breeding core group, experiences the low temperature resistant selection-breeding in continuous 3 generations, cultivates energy
The low temperature resistant new lines survived the winter at Shandong aquaculture sea area smoothly, the low temperature tolerance ability of new lines is extended to 0 DEG C, and the speed of growth is than sea
Gulf scallop improves 15%.
2) present invention is simple to operation, is widely used in the selection-breeding of the low temperature resistant strain of scallop hybrid.
Detailed description of the invention
Operational approach or the concrete operation step of the present invention are as follows:
1) selection and the accelerating of shellfish are planted: from bay scallop ovum and purple scallop sperm fertilization family or colony, select big
Body hybridization first filial generation scallop, selects big individual bay scallop kind shellfish simultaneously, including in seedling rearing room water body at the beginning of 1 month, stores up close
Degree is 100/m3, select to start to cultivate kind of a shellfish from 10 DEG C.Every natural gift throw something and feed that concentration is 200-300 ten thousand cells/ml for 6 times three
The unit cell algae such as angle brown algae and flat algae, throw something and feed 15 liters/m every time3, change water 1/3rd every day, within every 6 days, fall a pond, with sky
Air compressor continuous charge.Cultivate after 10 days gonads start to expand at 10 DEG C and start to warm up, improve 0.5 DEG C every day, wait to be raised to 17
DEG C time gonad close to ripe, be gradually increased the feeding volume of bait until scallop reaches sexual maturity.
2) cultivation of the miscellaneous scallop basic population that backcrosses in sea: select that more than 50 gonadal maturations, individualities are relatively big and gonad
Only have the first filial generation scallop that female district grows, dry in the shade stimulation 40 minutes, these scallops are placed in the cement being previously added 23 DEG C of sea water
Chi Zhong so that it is lay eggs.The bay scallop of more than 30 gonadal maturations of reselection, is placed in the plastics being previously added 23 DEG C of sea water
In Tong, with the silk cover filtering of 500 mesh after row's essence of laying eggs, collect the seminal fluid without bay scallop ovum, then to hybridization first filial generation
Adding a small amount of bay scallop seminal fluid in ovum, stirring makes essence ovum mix homogeneously, and basis of microscopic observation makes to be had around each ovum
5-6 sperm, is placed in germ cell under dark surrounds hatching, conventionally cultivates germ cell to becoming shellfish, based on
Colony.
3) selection-breeding of the most low temperature resistant breeding core population:, bodily form feature purplish red with fast growth, shell color substantially and
Energetic grade is standard, by selection intensity 5%, selects the miscellaneous scallop that backcrosses in sea of gonadal maturation, receives respectively after dry in the shade stimulation
Collection hybridization ovum and sperm, according to essence ovum ratio 5:1 insemination；Germ cell is placed under dark surrounds hatching, then according to conventional
When germ cell is cultivated to 10 monthly age by method, pick out healthy become shellfish carry out low temperature and coerce, coerce temperature and control at 0 DEG C, even
Continue and coerce 96h, filter out living individuals composition low temperature resistant breeding core population for the first time.
4) selection-breeding of the most low temperature resistant breeding core population: low temperature resistant for described first time core population is continued cultivation extremely
Sexual maturity；Filtering out body weight at more than 50g by selection intensity 5%, shell is high at more than 6cm, the scallop hybrid of gonadal maturation
Shellfish is planted in individual conduct, collects its ovum and sperm after dry in the shade stimulation respectively, according to essence ovum ratio 5:1 insemination, continues to cultivate.Growth
During to 10 monthly age, choose healthy become shellfish proceed low temperature and coerce, coerce temperature and control, at half 0 DEG C, to coerce 96h continuously, sieve
Select living individuals and proceed cultivation as the low temperature resistant breeding core population of second time；
5) coercing selection-breeding through continuous 3 generations, the third time low temperature resistant breeding core population filtered out breeds as kind of shellfish
Seed can be used as the low temperature resistant strain of scallop hybrid；
Embodiment 1
1) take ripe purple scallop in by the end of March, 2010, after thermal stimulus, obtain purple scallop sperm, with the ovum of bay scallop
Purple scallop (smart) and bay scallop (ovum) hybridization first filial generation Seedling is obtained, it is thus achieved that become shellfish after insemination.
2) individual great Qie Jinci district will be therefrom selected to grow after the scallop accelerating of above-mentioned hybridization first filial generation spring in 2011
Scallop, through drying in the shade and obtaining ovum after thermal stimulus, inseminates with the sperm of bay scallop, has turned out hybridization first filial generation (ovum)
Backcross (BC miscellaneous with the sea that bay scallop (sperm) backcrosses1) basic population.
3) in by the end of January, 2012, BC1When growing to for 10 monthly age, choose healthy become shellfish proceed low temperature and coerce, coerce
Temperature controls, at half 0 DEG C, to coerce 96h continuously, filter out living individuals as low temperature resistant breeding core population for the first time continue into
Row cultivation.
4) low temperature resistant for described first time core population is continued cultivation to sexual maturity；Body weight is filtered out by selection intensity 5%
At more than 50g, shell is high at more than 6cm, and the scallop hybrid individuality of gonadal maturation, as planting shellfish, is collected after dry in the shade stimulation respectively
Its ovum and sperm, according to essence ovum ratio 5:1 insemination, continue to cultivate in January, 2013, when becoming shellfish to reach for 10 monthly age, choose strong
Kang Chengbei proceeds low temperature and coerces, and coerces temperature and controls, at half 0 DEG C, to coerce 96h continuously, filters out living individuals as the
Secondary low temperature resistant breeding core population proceeds cultivation；
5) through continuous 3 generations low temperature stress selection-breeding to 2014, the third time low temperature resistant breeding core population filtered out, as
The seed that kind shellfish breeds can be used as the low temperature resistant strain of scallop hybrid；To the end of the year 2014, compare low temperature resistant product with bay scallop
Being body weight not only output increased 38.6%, low temperature tolerance ability has also widened 0-29.7 DEG C.
Obviously, the present invention utilizes the intervarietal hybridization of bay scallop and Peru's purple scallop (Argopecten purpuratus)
Cultivating a kind of specification greatly with backcrossing, the life-span is up to 2-3, is suitable at the bottom of marine site, Shandong broadcasting the low temperature resistant scallop new product of cultivation of surviving the winter
System, this strain not only fast growth, thermal adaptability is wide, and is suitable for raising in cages, therefore can be rapidly at original bay scallop
Mariculture area is promoted, it is possible to substituting existing bay scallop becomes the breed variety that northern China is main.Secondly as these product
It is perennial kind, the cultivation phase commodity shellfish with the bigger individuality of cultivation can be extended, be suitable for the top-grade consumptions such as hotel, therefore city
Field prospect is the most wide, it is contemplated that the popularization of this strain does not has the blank of large-scale scallop by filling up marine site on the south Qingdao, promotes
The outlet of China's scallop product.
Claims (5)
1. the selection of the sea low temperature resistant strain of the miscellaneous scallop that backcrosses, it is characterised in that: first plant the selection of shellfish, accelerating and miscellaneous
A friendship generation builds, by selecting from bay scallop and fast growth in the purple hybridization first filial generation family of scallop or colony, resistance to
The individuality that low temperature ability is strong, as kind of a shellfish；2) cultivation of the miscellaneous scallop basic population that backcrosses in sea, by utilizing in above-mentioned first-filial generation
The foundation that backcrosses of the strong individuality of low temperature tolerance ability and bay scallop sperm backcrosses family or colony；3) the most low temperature resistant breeding core
The selection-breeding of colony, the selection intensity according to 5% selects the strong hermaphroditism of low temperature tolerance ability from the miscellaneous scallop that backcrosses in above-mentioned sea
Body is as core population；4) selection-breeding of the most low temperature resistant breeding core population, the selection intensity according still further to 5% is from above-mentioned colony
In select parent shellfish, and the hermaphroditism individuality conduct strong by the low-temperature stress experiment of its self progeny being selected low temperature tolerance ability
Core population；5) so carry out coercing selection-breeding through continuous 3 generations, filter out the low temperature resistant breeding core population of third time as kind of shellfish
The seed bred can be used as the low temperature resistant strain of scallop hybrid.
2. the selection of the miscellaneous low temperature resistant strain of the scallop that backcrosses in sea as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that above-mentioned kind of shellfish
Select, accelerating and first-filial generation construction method: from bay scallop ovum and purple scallop sperm colony, select big individual hybridization
Generation scallop, selects big individual Bay Scallop Parent shellfish simultaneously, and including in seedling rearing room water body at the beginning of 1 month, storing up density is 100
Individual/m3, selects to start to cultivate parent shellfish from 10 DEG C, and every natural gift phaeodactylum tricornutum that concentration is 200-300 ten thousand cells/ml of throwing something and feeding for 6 times refers to
The unit cell algae such as algae and flat algae, throw something and feed 15 liters/m3 every time, changes water 1/3rd every day, within every 6 days, falls a pond, compresses with air
Machine continuous charge.Cultivate after expanding occur in 10 days gonads at 10 DEG C and start to warm up, improve 0.5 DEG C every day, wait being raised to 17 DEG C of time property
Gland, close to ripe, is gradually increased the feeding volume of bait until first-filial generation scallop reaches sexual maturity.
3. the selection of the miscellaneous low temperature resistant strain of the scallop that backcrosses in sea as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that miscellaneous time of above-mentioned sea
Hand over the cultivation of scallop basic population: select that at least 50 above-mentioned seas purple first-filial generation gonadal maturation, individualities are relatively big and gonad
Only have the scallop that female district grows, dry in the shade stimulation 30 minutes, be placed at once in the spawning pond of 23 DEG C of sea water so that it is lay eggs.Still further
Select the bay scallop of more than 20 gonadal maturations, be placed in the Plastic Drum being previously added 23 DEG C of sea water row's essence of laying eggs, so
Afterwards with the silk cover filtering of 500 mesh, collect the seminal fluid without bay scallop ovum, and take a small amount of this seminal fluid above-mentioned hybridization one of addition
For in ovum, stirring makes essence ovum mix homogeneously, and basis of microscopic observation makes to have around each ovum 5-6 sperm, then by germ cell
Be placed under dark surrounds hatching, conventionally germ cell cultivated to becoming the shellfish i.e. miscellaneous scallop BC1 that backcrosses in sea, based on group
Body.
4. the selection of the miscellaneous low temperature resistant strain of the scallop that backcrosses in sea as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that above-mentioned first time
The selection-breeding of low temperature resistant breeding core population: with fast growth, shell color is purplish red, bodily form feature is obvious and energetic as standard, will
Above-mentioned plinth colony selects the miscellaneous scallop that backcrosses in sea of gonadal maturation by selection intensity 5%, collects hybridization after dry in the shade stimulation respectively
Ovum and sperm, according to essence ovum ratio 5:1 insemination；Germ cell is placed under dark surrounds hatching, then according to conventional method will
When germ cell was cultivated to 10 monthly age, then choose healthy become shellfish carry out low temperature and coerce 96h continuously, coerce temperature and control at 0 DEG C, sieve
Select living individuals composition low temperature resistant breeding core population for the first time.
5. the selection of the miscellaneous low temperature resistant strain of the scallop that backcrosses in sea as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that above-mentioned second time
The selection-breeding of low temperature resistant breeding core population: low temperature resistant for above-mentioned first time core population is continued cultivation to sexual maturity；Strong by selecting
Degree 5% filters out body weight at more than 50g, and shell is high at more than 6cm, and the scallop hybrid individuality of gonadal maturation is as parent shellfish, cloudy
Collect its ovum and sperm respectively after dry stimulation, according to essence ovum ratio 5:1 insemination, when continuing cultivation to 10 monthly age, then choose strong
Kang Chengbei coerces at 0 DEG C of low temperature carrying out continuous 96h, i.e. filters out living individuals as the low temperature resistant breeding core group of second time
Body proceeds cultivation；
So carrying out continuous 3 generations coerces selection-breeding, filters out the low temperature resistant breeding core population of third time as kind of a shellfish, the Seedling bred
Plant and can be used as the low temperature resistant strain of scallop hybrid.
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| CN107637551A (en) * | 2017-11-15 | 2018-01-30 | 中国海洋大学 | A kind of breeding method of the low temperature resistant Kumamoto oyster new lines in the north |
| CN107637551B (en) * | 2017-11-15 | 2020-09-29 | 中国海洋大学 | Method for breeding new strain of northern low-temperature-resistant crassostrea sikamea |
| CN114793969A (en) * | 2022-05-11 | 2022-07-29 | 中国科学院烟台海岸带研究所 | Method for backcrossing and producing seeds of hybrid scallop and purple scallop |
| CN114793969B (en) * | 2022-05-11 | 2023-04-07 | 中国科学院烟台海岸带研究所 | Method for backcrossing and producing seeds of hybrid scallop and purple scallop |
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