CN102301970A - Method for cultivating hybridized and backcrossed Argopecten product fries - Google Patents
Method for cultivating hybridized and backcrossed Argopecten product fries Download PDFInfo
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- CN102301970A CN102301970A CN201110223357A CN201110223357A CN102301970A CN 102301970 A CN102301970 A CN 102301970A CN 201110223357 A CN201110223357 A CN 201110223357A CN 201110223357 A CN201110223357 A CN 201110223357A CN 102301970 A CN102301970 A CN 102301970A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
Abstract
The invention relates to a method for cultivating hybridized and backcrossed Argopecten product fries. The method is characterized by comprising the following steps of: selecting excellent individuals that only a female area grows in a hybridized first filial generation family or group of Argopecten irradians and Argopecten purpuratus; synchronously maturing the selected excellent individuals with excellent individuals of the Argopecten purpuratus; inducing the hybridized first filial generation individuals to ovulate by using a conventional shade drying and temperature stimulation method; simultaneously, stimulating the Argopecten purpuratus to spawn and discharge seminal fluid; filtering through 500-mesh bolting cloth to obtain the seminal fluid of the Argopecten purpuratus; fertilizing the seminal fluid of the Argopecten purpuratus with the hybridized first filial generation eggs; carrying out larva cultivation and fry intermediate cultivation according to a conventional method after hatching; and thus obtaining the hybridized and backcrossed Argopecten product fries having obvious heterosis. The hybridized and backcrossed marine Argopecten fries cultivated by using the method provided by the invention simultaneously have the characteristics of the Argopecten irradians and the Argopecten purpuratus; compared with the Argopecten purpuratus, the hybridized and backcrossed Argopecten product fries have obvious advantages on growth, individual size and temperature tolerance, therefore, the hybridized and backcrossed Argopecten product fries can be cultivated in sea areas in the north, such as Qingdao, Dalian and the like; and, compared with the Argopecten irradians, the yield at the same year is increased by more than 50%.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the breeding technique of shellfish aquaculture, especially relate to the assorted breeding method of commodity seed of backcrossing of a kind of purple.
Background technology
Bay scallop (Argopecten irradians irradians) originates in the U.S., Atlantic bank, introduces China in nineteen eighty-two.The bay scallop fast growth, the temperature wide accommodation, strong stress resistance is fit to the breed in northern China marine site very much, and current production rate and cultured area account for more than 50% of China's scallop culture.Owing to introduce the long-term inbreeding in back; Bay scallop germplasm in breeding process is degenerated serious; It is more and more littler to show as commodity shellfish specification; The lethality of growing seedlings in the breeding process is higher; For example bay scallop parent shellfish lethality in 2007 is up to about 70%; Therefore scallop culture already presses for bay scallop is carried out genetic improvement, and wherein crossbreeding is one of effective method.
The inventor has introduced purple scallop (Argopecten purpuratus) from Peru first from 2007.Purple scallop is that a kind of speed that originates in the South Pacific Ocean is given birth to the medium-sized scallop of type, all belongs to Argopecten with bay scallop and belongs to, and chromosome number is identical, and all is hermaphroditism, but the two is complementary in aspect proterties such as individual size, growth and thermal adaptabilities.Therefore the inventor turns out quadrature (purple scallop ovum and the fertilization of bay scallop sperm) and two kinds of hybridization first filial generations of reciprocal cross (bay scallop ovum and the fertilization of purple scallop sperm) again through purple scallop and bay scallop are carried out interspecific cross.The growth of hybridization first filial generation is very fast, and individuality is bigger, and grow in the only female district of part individuality, only discharges ovum during sexual maturity and can educate (Wang Chunde etc., the research of 2009. purple scallops and bay scallop interspecific cross.Marine Sciences, 33 (10): 84-87; Chunde Wang etc., 2011.Introduction of the Peruvian scallop and its hybridization with the bay scallop in China, Aquaculture, 2011,310:380-387).
Further research shows, though the hybridization first filial generation can produce bigger hybrid vigour, large tracts of land to promote and still exists two bigger difficulties.At first, because the temperature accommodation of the purple scallop of introduction is very narrow, can not aestivate in the marine site on the south Qingdao reaches, and can not survive the winter in the marine site to the north of Qingdao reaches, thereby it is very difficult to obtain to be used to cultivate the purple parent scallop of hybridizing the first filial generation in a large number.Secondly; Because bay scallop and purple scallop all are hermaphroditic scallops; Discharge sperm and ovum simultaneously; Ovum receives the pollution of sperm of the same race easily; Be difficult to obtain unfertilized egg in a large number and be used for interspecific cross; Thereby the ratio of real filial generation reduces greatly in the commodity seed that causes being obtained, and makes the increase rate of output limited greatly.
Summary of the invention
The assorted breeding method of commodity seed of backcrossing of purple that the purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of practicality is to remedy the existing deficiency of utilizing purple scallop and bay scallop to produce scallop hybrid commodity seed technology.
The present invention is based on following design: 1) at first abandoning traditional bay scallop aspect the close shellfish accelerating since 4 ℃ of cultivations; And need bring up to 19 ℃ conventional method before laying eggs; Temperature adaptive character through research hybridization first filial generation scallop; Selected specially to cultivate hybridization first filial generation parent shellfish, before laying eggs, brought up to 17 ℃ gradually since 10 ℃; 2) there is the ovum of only female district growth of part individuality and discharge to educate in the hybridization first filial generation of purple scallop and bay scallop, so just can realizes obtaining to have in a large number the unfertilized egg of fertility easily; 3) can obtain a large amount of sperms with a spot of purple scallop, and, can obtain not contain the seminal fluid of ovum, need not cultivate a lot of purple scallops like this with 500 purpose silk cover filterings because sperm and ovum vary in size; 4) unfertilized egg of usefulness hybridization first filial generation and purple scallop sperm are backcrossed and can be obtained 100% the commodity seed of backcrossing, and can realize producing conveniently, efficiently hybrid seedlings; Last 5) the assorted commodity seed of backcrossing of the purple of the present invention that is obtained has significant advantage aspect growth, individual size and the temperature tolerance.
Technical scheme of the present invention is: select from the hybridization first filial generation family of purple scallop and bay scallop or the defect individual of the only female district growth in the colony, with the synchronous accelerating of hermaphroditic purple scallop defect individual; Dry in the shade and the method for thermal stimulus is induced the individual ovulation in above-mentioned hybridization first filial generation with conventional again, obtain unfertilized egg; Stimulate purple scallop to lay eggs simultaneously and arrange essence, filter with 500 mesh sieve thin,tough silk then and obtain purple scallop seminal fluid; With the ovum and the fertilization of purple scallop sperm of the hybridization first filial generation of above-mentioned acquisition, carry out larvae cultivation and seed intermediate rearing according to conventional method behind the incubating oosperm, promptly obtain to have the remarkable heterotic purple commodity seed of backcrossing of mixing; Above-mentioned synchronous accelerating is to cultivate hybridization first filial generation parent shellfish since 10 ℃, before laying eggs, brings up to 17 ℃ gradually.
The assorted commodity seed of backcrossing of the purple that the present invention cultivates has the characteristic of bay scallop and purple scallop simultaneously; Has significant advantage than purple scallop aspect growth, individual size and the temperature tolerance; Therefore can culture in marine sites such as northern sea area such as Qingdao, Dalian, and work as the comparable bay scallop of annual production and improve more than 50%.
Embodiment
Method of operating of the present invention or concrete steps are following:
1) selection of close shellfish and accelerating: from quadrature (purple scallop ovum and the fertilization of bay scallop sperm) or reciprocal cross (bay scallop ovum and the fertilization of purple scallop sperm) family or colony, select big individual hybridization first filial generation scallop; Select big individual purple parent scallop simultaneously; Including in the seedling rearing room water body at the beginning of 1 month, storing up density is 100/m
3, select to cultivate close shellfish since 10 ℃.Dividing the concentration of throwing something and feeding for 6 times every day is the unit cell algae such as Phaeodactylum tricornutum and flat algae of 200-300 ten thousand cells/ml, and 15 liters/m throws something and feeds at every turn
3, change water 1/3rd every day, fell a pond in per 6 days, use the air compressor continuous charge.After 10 days sexual glands of 10 ℃ of cultivations begin to expand, begin to heat up, improve 0.5 ℃ every day, sexual gland is near ripe when waiting to be raised to 17 ℃, and the feeding volume that increases bait gradually reaches sexual maturity up to scallop.
2) cultivation of the purple assorted commodity seed of backcrossing: select 50 above gonadal maturations, the individual first filial generation scallop that only has female district to grow than big and sexual gland, dry in the shade stimulation 30 minutes places the cement pit that adds 23 ℃ of seawater in advance with these scallops, and it is laid eggs.Select the purple scallop of 20 above gonadal maturations again; Place the Plastic Drum that adds 23 ℃ of seawater in advance; The row of laying eggs is smart back with 500 purpose silk cover filterings; Collect the seminal fluid that does not contain purple scallop ovum; In the ovum of hybridization first filial generation, add a spot of purple scallop seminal fluid then; Stirring mixes smart ovum; Microscopically has 5-6 sperm around observing and making each ovum; Embryonated egg is placed hatching under the dark surrounds; Carry out larvae cultivation and seed intermediate rearing according to conventional method; Promptly can obtain shell up to the assorted commodity seed of backcrossing of the purple more than 1.5 centimetres, be used for commercialization and culture.
Embodiment 1
Get ripe purple scallop in by the end of March, 2008, after thermal stimulus, obtain purple scallop ovum, sperm insemination back acquisition purple scallop (ovum) and bay scallop (essence) hybridization first filial generation seedling with bay scallop obtain into shellfish.To therefrom select individual big and the scallop that grows in only female district behind the scallop accelerating of above-mentioned hybridization first filial generation in spring in 2009, through dry in the shade with thermal stimulus after obtain ovum, with the sperm insemination of purple scallop, turned out the seed of backcrossing of hybridization first filial generation and purple scallop.To in by the end of November, 2009, the bay scallop inbreeding population that the shell of the seed of backcrossing is high, shell is long, shell is wide and body weight is cultivated than the same period respectively is big by 45.8%, 46.5%, 31.0% and 162.9% (table 1).
Table 1 is purple assorted backcross seed and the same period bay scallop colony phenotype comparison (n=30)
Claims (2)
1. the assorted breeding method of commodity seed of backcrossing of purple is characterized in that selecting from the hybridization first filial generation family of purple scallop and bay scallop or the defect individual of the only female district growth in the colony, with the synchronous accelerating of hermaphroditic purple scallop defect individual; Dry in the shade and the method for thermal stimulus is induced the individual ovulation in above-mentioned hybridization first filial generation with conventional again, obtain unfertilized egg; Stimulate purple scallop to lay eggs simultaneously and arrange essence, filter with 500 mesh sieve thin,tough silk then and obtain purple scallop seminal fluid; With the ovum and the fertilization of purple scallop sperm of the hybridization first filial generation of above-mentioned acquisition, carry out larvae cultivation and seed intermediate rearing according to conventional method behind the incubating oosperm, promptly obtain to have the remarkable heterotic purple commodity seed of backcrossing of mixing; Above-mentioned synchronous accelerating is to cultivate hybridization first filial generation parent shellfish since 10 ℃, before laying eggs, brings up to 17 ℃ gradually.
2. the purple assorted breeding method of commodity seed of backcrossing is characterized in that concrete steps are following:
1) selection of close shellfish and accelerating: from the family that obtained with the fertilization of purple scallop ovum and bay scallop sperm or with bay scallop ovum and the fertilization of purple scallop sperm or colony, select the big individual first filial generation scallop of hybridizing; Select big individual purple parent scallop simultaneously; Including in the seedling rearing room water body at the beginning of 1 month, storing up density is 100/m
3, select to cultivate close shellfish since 10 ℃; Dividing the concentration of throwing something and feeding for 6 times every day is the unit cell algae such as Phaeodactylum tricornutum and flat algae of 200-300 ten thousand cells/ml, and 15 liters/m throws something and feeds at every turn
3, change water 1/3rd every day, fell a pond in per 6 days, use the air compressor continuous charge; After 10 days sexual glands of 10 ℃ of cultivations begin to expand, begin to heat up, improve 0.5 ℃ every day, sexual gland is near ripe when waiting to be raised to 17 ℃, and the feeding volume that increases bait gradually reaches sexual maturity up to scallop;
2) cultivation of the purple assorted commodity seed of backcrossing: select 50 above gonadal maturations, the individual first filial generation scallop that only has female district to grow than big and sexual gland, dry in the shade stimulation 30 minutes places the cement pit that adds 23 ℃ of seawater in advance with these scallops, and it is laid eggs; Select the purple scallop of 20 above gonadal maturations again; Place the Plastic Drum that adds 23 ℃ of seawater in advance; The smart back of the row of laying eggs is with 500 purpose silk cover filterings; Collect the seminal fluid that does not contain purple scallop ovum; In the ovum of hybridization first filial generation, add a spot of purple scallop seminal fluid then; Stirring mixes smart ovum; Microscopically has 5-6 sperm around observing and making each ovum; Fertilized egg is placed hatching under the dark surrounds; Carry out larvae cultivation and seed intermediate rearing by conventional method, promptly can obtain to be used for the assorted commodity seed of backcrossing of purple that commercialization is cultured.
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| CN104186388A (en) * | 2014-08-27 | 2014-12-10 | 青岛农业大学 | Construction method and application of argopecten irradians-argopecten purpuratus hybrid scallop three-line matching breeding system |
| CN104206327A (en) * | 2014-08-27 | 2014-12-17 | 青岛海弘达生物科技有限公司 | Purple scallop ovum and bay scallop sperm hybrid scallop maintainer line construction method and application |
| CN104273073A (en) * | 2014-10-28 | 2015-01-14 | 青岛农业大学 | Breeding method for bay purple hybrid golden yellow adductor muscle scallops |
| CN106069956A (en) * | 2016-07-29 | 2016-11-09 | 青岛农业大学 | A kind of selection of the sea low temperature resistant strain of the miscellaneous scallop that backcrosses |
| CN106234267A (en) * | 2016-07-29 | 2016-12-21 | 青岛农业大学 | A kind of miscellaneous sea backcrosses the selection of the low temperature resistant strain of scallop |
| CN109275602A (en) * | 2018-10-24 | 2019-01-29 | 海南广顺泰普海洋育种有限公司 | A kind of litopenaeus vannamei backcross breeding breeding method |
| CN114793970A (en) * | 2022-05-11 | 2022-07-29 | 中国科学院烟台海岸带研究所 | Preparation method of interspecific hybrid seedlings of Argopecten irradians and Argopecten purpuratus |
| CN114793969A (en) * | 2022-05-11 | 2022-07-29 | 中国科学院烟台海岸带研究所 | Method for backcrossing and producing seeds of hybrid scallop and purple scallop |
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| CN104206327A (en) * | 2014-08-27 | 2014-12-17 | 青岛海弘达生物科技有限公司 | Purple scallop ovum and bay scallop sperm hybrid scallop maintainer line construction method and application |
| CN104273073A (en) * | 2014-10-28 | 2015-01-14 | 青岛农业大学 | Breeding method for bay purple hybrid golden yellow adductor muscle scallops |
| CN106069956A (en) * | 2016-07-29 | 2016-11-09 | 青岛农业大学 | A kind of selection of the sea low temperature resistant strain of the miscellaneous scallop that backcrosses |
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| CN114793969B (en) * | 2022-05-11 | 2023-04-07 | 中国科学院烟台海岸带研究所 | Method for backcrossing and producing seeds of hybrid scallop and purple scallop |
| CN114793970B (en) * | 2022-05-11 | 2023-05-12 | 中国科学院烟台海岸带研究所 | Preparation method of interspecific hybrid seeds of Argopecten irradias and Argopecten irradias |
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