CN100444725C - Breeding method of high-yield reversible-resisting hybrid ctenoid variety - Google Patents
Breeding method of high-yield reversible-resisting hybrid ctenoid variety Download PDFInfo
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- CN100444725C CN100444725C CNB2006100769457A CN200610076945A CN100444725C CN 100444725 C CN100444725 C CN 100444725C CN B2006100769457 A CNB2006100769457 A CN B2006100769457A CN 200610076945 A CN200610076945 A CN 200610076945A CN 100444725 C CN100444725 C CN 100444725C
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract
A method for culturing the hybrid scallop with high growth speed and stress resistance includes such steps as distant hybridization between Jiekong scallop and Huagui Jiekong scallop, hybridizing with Jiekong scallop JNR to obtain the male parent ZHJ, hybridizing with the female Jiekong scallop CDS5, and culturing the hybrid filial generation.
Description
Technical field:
The invention belongs to the marine biotechnology field, is to be the compound breeding system of one in conjunction with selecting breeding and distant hybridization breeding technology in the shellfish genetic improvement research, specifically is the method for breeding of the degeneration-resistant scallop hybrid kind of a kind of high yield
Background technology:
Scallop is to be one of main kind of China's mariculture industry always, and for many years, China's scallop culture scale and output all occupy first place in the world.But since breaking out the extensive death of chlamys farreri summer in 1997, great variation has taken place in the species structure of China's scallop culture, at present bay scallop has replaced in the past chlamys farreri to occupy the leading position of scallop culture output, cultured output one in line the whirling about 100,000 tons of China's chlamys farreri in recent years.Chlamys farreri is the local scallop kind of China's coastal waters natural distribution, than the bay scallop of introducing fine and tender taste, delicious flavour, advantage such as nutritious are arranged, meeting China people's eating habit and local flavor, also receive an acclaim very much in the international market, once is China's important export aquatic products.The rejuvenation work of chlamys farreri aquaculture industry demands urgently carrying out, and this is for the trophic structure of improving China people diet, and improving China people's living standard and increasing foreign exchange earnings from exports all has significance.
In the chlamys farreri breeding process, have two big outstanding problems perplexing the raiser, serious contusion the masses' breed enthusiasm, also just suppressed the development and the recovery of China's chlamys farreri aquaculture.First outstanding problem is a lethality height in summer, and the extensive phenomena of mortality take place year after year.Spring and summer season, the sea area seed of collecting seedling is naturally aestivated lethality then more than 70%, and next year is formed the lethality of aestivating especially more than 90%.The genetic stability that second outstanding problem is proterties is poor, the unified operation and the management that are not easy to produce.Commodity seed growth is slow, poor, the little individual ratio of regularity is greatly that it works as annual death rate up to 70% major reason, the small individual seed for the tolerance of high temperature very a little less than, the following scallop of 5mm all is difficult to cross the summer before the summer has set in.
Strong request has quick, the high and resistant to elevated temperatures breed chlamys farreri of the consistent degree of proterties of growing in the production.
Summary of the invention:
The method of breeding that the purpose of this invention is to provide the degeneration-resistant scallop hybrid kind of a kind of high yield, cultivate growth fast, the scallop hybrid seed of the consistent degree height of proterties, high-output stress-resistance, with effective outstanding problem and contradiction that exists in China's scallop production that solves, promote development and industry recovery that China's advantage scallop kind is cultured.
The present invention finishes according to following method of operating:
At first cultivate maternal system of CDS5 and ZHJ male parent system, regulate and control parents' sexual gland growth synchronously and ripe again, carry out exomixis, terminal crossing generation seed rearing.
The maternal system, method of described cultivation CDS5 is to chlamys farreri Long Island colony, with the shell high target, chooses growth rate and selects to breed to obtain for 4-7cm/ carries out continuous multi-generation.
Cultivating ZHJ male parent system, method is female parent for chlamys farreri and the female shellfish in the Chlamys nobilis distant hybrid progeny with CDS5 system, again with the seed selection group of chlamys farreri Jiangnan colony in male shellfish reestablish diplomatic relations and obtain the degeneration-resistant ZHJ of high yield and be.
Maternal system of CDS5 and ZHJ male parent are in the exomixis production of hybrid seeds process, and the ZHJ male parent is that individual number guarantees more than 100.
Regulation and control parents sexual gland is grown synchronously and maturation method is should go into the pond week than the maternal system of CDS5 to cultivate for the ZHJ male parent in advance, successively go into the pond the first tenday period of a month in three months, gonad maturity accelerating adopts to heat up and cultivates, it is consistent with close shellfish habitat water temperature to go into the pond water temperature, heat up 0.5-1 ℃ every day after stablizing 2-3, finally be stabilized in 14-16 ℃ and cultivate close shellfish, cultivate and often to observe the gonad development progress mid-term, take to reconcile temperature, measures such as the illumination and the bait of throwing something and feeding realize that parents are ripe synchronously, treat in 0.5 ℃ of the water temperature diurnal variation in antenatal 2-3 days, forbid down that Chi Heda changes water, bait feeding is light and slow, remaining bait and ight soil at the bottom of the diligent suction pond; The water temperature of hastening parturition is 20-22 ℃, should treat that more ZHJ male parent is after arranging essence, gives adding sperm in spawning pond again, and sperm quantity is there to be visible sperm 3-5 to be advisable around each ovum of microscope inspection;
When the first-filial generation offspring seed cultivation method is grown D shape larva for hybridization back fertilized egg through about 28h, select excellent transferring in the larva culture pond to cultivate, the larvae cultivation water temperature should be stabilized in 20-22 ℃, with chrysophyceae as its open-mouthed bait, cultivate the middle and later periods unit cell algaes such as chrysophyceae, diatom and flat algae of throwing something and feeding of can arranging in pairs or groups, scallop hybrid other between larval phase are managed same chlamys farreri.
Facts have proved, adopt the maternal system of the CDS5 that for many generations selects breeding to cultivate for many years, with through chlamys farreri and Chlamys nobilis distant hybridization in the ZHJ male parent system hybridization of reestablishing diplomatic relations and obtaining with chlamys farreri, select the breeding strategy by adopting, in conjunction with distant hybridization and multiple cross technology, scallop hybrid form that obtains and nutrient component are similar to the wild chlamys farreri of natural waters kind, outstanding advantage is that the shell look scarlet, growth fast, the consistent degree height of proterties, high temperature resistant breed.Have following characteristics:
With the prior art contrast, the scallop that the technology of the present invention is bred combines growth hormone gene accumulation and the heterotic one that is used in; Rely on selection breeding, obtained the female parent system that the shell look scarlet, growth is quick, fertility is strong, the consistent degree of proterties is high chlamys farreri Long Island colony continuous multi-generation; Selecting on the basis of breeding, by chlamys farreri and Chlamys nobilis distant hybridization and multiple cross technology, cultivate the shell look red gorgeous, resistance against disadvantage strong, growth fast, male parent system that genetic identity is high; With the female parent system and the hybridization of duplicate system that obtain, the commodity seed that can carry out scallop hybrid easily produces, the cultivation through about 70 days (from the fertilization beginning), and gained commodity seed minimum gauge can reach 5mm, more than the average 7mm.
The present invention forms convenient management in the process, and the survival rate of aestivating then (to the spring seedling) is (conventional seed≤30%) more than 70%, next year the survival rate of aestivating can reach 30-40% (conventional seed≤10%); More than the 14 monthly age scallop shell Gao Keda 6.5cm, the part sea area can reach 7cm above (conventional seed is in the variation of 3～6cm scope, average≤5cm).
Embodiment
Most preferred embodiment concrete operations technical process: crucial operating procedure process comprises close shellfish cultivation, exomixis, larva cultivation.
Maternal CDS5 is, the close Becquerel of male parent ZHJ system is bought from country " 863 " project scallop breading protospecies base (Yantai and Qingdao).
1 close shellfish is cultivated
The parent shellfish should lay eggs in plan and go into the pond cultivation in preceding 15 to 25 days, because of the ZHJ male parent is that gonad development is slower, so should a week go into the pond in the maternal system of CDS5 in advance.
1) condition of culture:
(1) cultivates the pond: cement pit or fiberglass tank, 10～30m
3, the depth of water 1.1～1.5m; (2) water quality: the water source meets the regulation of GB 11607, cultivates the regulation that water meets NY 5052; (3) water temperature: progressively be promoted to 14～16 ℃ of cultivations from the habitat water temperature at its place; (4) salinity: 25～32; (5) illumination: 500～10001x; (6) cultivate density: 100～120/m
3, adopt multilayer cylinder mould or individual layer floating cage for cultivating container.
2) daily management
(1) close shellfish goes into the pond processing: before close shellfish goes into the pond, should remove aufwuch and mud scum on the shell.Go into before the pond reply sex and do tentatively and select, reject male shellfish in the maternal system of the SDS5 that clearly can distinguish and the female shellfish in the ZHJ male parent system.Incubation should be concentrated male shellfish of male shellfish and the female shellfish in the ZHJ male parent system in the maternal system of SDS5 of picking again and give rejecting mid-term.(2) bait throwing in: unit cell algae such as the diatom of throwing something and feeding, chrysophyceae or flat algae or starch, spirulina powder, yolk etc. substitute bait.When water temperature is lower than 10 ℃, day feeding volume (12-15) * 10
4Cell/ml; More than 10 ℃, progressively increase feeding volume, be (35-40) * 10 every day during to 14 ℃
4Cell/ml.Divide every day and throw something and feed for 6-12 time.Cultivate the middle and later periods close shellfish, this is ripe synchronously to reach father and mother should suitably to regulate feeding volume according to parents' development progress.(3) change water: early and middle portion every day 2-3 time, day quantity of exchanged water 100%; Change water 1-2 every day in late period, and day quantity of exchanged water 1/3 will be had ready conditions and be advanced draining as far as possible at the bottom of the pond, and it is constant that water temperature keeps.(4) fall the pond: early and middle portion falls the clear end, pond once every other day; Close on and adopt not fall before the ovum pond.(5) inhale the end: early and middle portion every day early, respectively inhale the end once evening; Suitably increase late period and inhale end number of times.(6) heat up: after close shellfish goes into the pond, near close shellfish habitat water temperature, stablize 2-3d, then raise 0.5～1.0 ℃ to 14-16 ℃ every day, be stabilized under this temperature and cultivate.(7) inflation: trace inflation continuously.(8) effective accumulated temperature: stablize 150-200 ℃ of day of cultivation stage effective accumulated temperature scope.
2 exomixises
The level of genetic diversity that be to keep scallop, participate in the scale hybridization production process breeding fertilization the quantity of ZHJ male parent system should guarantee more than 100. A week should be gone into the pond cultivation than the maternal system of CDS5 in advance by ZHJ male parent system, generally should be in three months last month successively go into pond (can guarantee that scallop gets ovum in April); Gonad maturity accelerating adopts to heat up and cultivates, it is suitable with close shellfish habitat water temperature to go into the pond water temperature, heat up 0.5-1 ℃ every day after stablizing 2-3, finally be stabilized in 14-16 ℃ and cultivate close shellfish, cultivate and often to observe the gonad development progress mid-term, take to reconcile measures such as temperature, illumination and the bait of throwing something and feeding and realize that parents are ripe synchronously, treat in 0.5 ℃ of the water temperature diurnal variation in antenatal 2-3 days, forbid down that Chi Heda changes water, bait feeding is light and slow, remaining bait and ight soil at the bottom of the diligent suction pond; The water temperature of hastening parturition is 20-22 ℃, should treat that more ZHJ male parent is after arranging essence, gives adding sperm in spawning pond again, and sperm quantity is there to be visible sperm 3-5 to be advisable around each ovum of microscope inspection.Laid eggs the same day, and when drying in the shade, can remake once and accurately select, gave up male shellfish in the maternal system of SDS5 or female shellfish or the suspicious male shellfish in suspicious female shellfish and the ZHJ male parent system close shellfish sex.
3. larva is cultivated
The hybridization embryo grows D shape larva through about 28h, should in time select excellent transferring in the larva culture pond to cultivate, the larvae cultivation water temperature should be stabilized in 20-22 ℃, as its open-mouthed bait, cultivates the middle and later periods unit cell algaes such as chrysophyceae, diatom and flat algae of throwing something and feeding of can arranging in pairs or groups with chrysophyceae.The same chlamys farreri of other management methods.
The cultivation and the scallop hybrid mill trial results of maternal system of CDS5 and ZHJ male parent system
The CDS5 female parent is the seed selection process: chlamys farreri Long Island wild population is carried out the selection breeding of scallop high yield and degeneration-resistant proterties, form possess high yield, the scallop group system of degeneration-resistant, proterties such as the shell look red and basicly stable heritability.
The ZHJ male parent is a cultivating process: the distant hybrid progeny to part chlamys farreri seed selection group system and luxurious comb hole shellfish selects the performance growth fast, strong stress resistance, and the individuality of the special production traits that the shell look red.Select the group to carry out complexity with the Jiangnan again,, set up multiple cross male parent colony (the complicated male parent of ZHJ system) by to the filial generation seed selection.
With maternal system of CDS5 and the hybridization of ZHJ male parent system, the hybrid filial generation has growth fast again, and anti-adversity is outstanding, shell look scarlet characteristics, and genetic stability reaches more than 95%.The maternal system of CDS5 is more than 90% with the exomixis rate of ZHJ system, and incubation rate is more than 85%.The hybrid generation proterties is good, and the shell look scarlet, and this hybridization shellfish is called the red scallop in big Peng Lai, sea by the raiser.The 2003-2004 result of the test sees Table 1, table 2.
The production of table 1 scallop hybrid is grown seedlings and is adhered to check experiment result comparison (2003) in 60 days
The seed that contrast is collected seedling naturally and obtained for Tao Zi sea area, Yantai, the shell look is 1000 individual results, the shell height is that test observation result relatively (2003-2004) is formed in the statistics table 2 scallop hybrid production contrast of 100 individualities of random observation
Seed forms for collecting seedling naturally in Tao Zi sea area, Yantai in contrast, and the shell look is 1000 individual results, and shell height, live body heavily are 100 individual averages of random observation, be 14 monthly ages record results.Ten scallops of lethality random observation are formed cage
Claims (6)
1, the method for breeding of the degeneration-resistant scallop hybrid kind of a kind of high yield is characterized in that at first cultivating maternal system of CDS5 and ZHJ male parent system, regulates and control parents' sexual gland growth synchronously and ripe again, carries out exomixis, terminal crossing generation seed rearing.
2, the method for breeding of the degeneration-resistant scallop hybrid kind of high yield according to claim 1, it is characterized in that cultivating the maternal system, method of CDS5 is to chlamys farreri Long Island colony, with the shell high target, choosing growth rate is 4-7cm/, carries out continuous multi-generation and selects to breed to obtain.
3, the method for breeding of the degeneration-resistant scallop hybrid kind of high yield according to claim 1, it is characterized in that cultivating ZHJ male parent system, method is female parent for chlamys farreri and the female shellfish in the Chlamys nobilis distant hybrid progeny with CDS5 system, again with the seed selection group of chlamys farreri Jiangnan colony in male shellfish reestablish diplomatic relations and obtain the degeneration-resistant ZHJ of high yield and be.
4, the method for breeding of the degeneration-resistant scallop hybrid kind of high yield according to claim 1 is characterized in that maternal system of CDS5 and ZHJ male parent are in the exomixis production of hybrid seeds process, and the ZHJ male parent is that individual number guarantees more than 100.
5, the method of breeding of the degeneration-resistant scallop hybrid kind of high yield according to claim 1, it is characterized in that regulating and control that parents' sexual gland is grown synchronously and maturation method should be go into the pond week to cultivate than the CDS5 female parent for ZHJ male parent system in advance, successively go into the pond the first tenday period of a month in three months, gonad maturity accelerating adopts to heat up and cultivates, it is consistent with close shellfish habitat water temperature to go into the pond water temperature, stablize after 2-3 days and to heat up 0.5-1 ℃ every day, finally be stabilized in 14-16 ℃ and cultivate close shellfish, cultivate and often to observe the gonad development progress mid-term, take to regulate temperature, the conventional measure of the illumination and the bait of throwing something and feeding realizes that parents are ripe synchronously, treat in 0.5 ℃ of the water temperature diurnal variation in antenatal 2-3 days, forbid down that Chi Heda changes water, bait feeding is light and slow, remaining bait and ight soil at the bottom of the diligent suction pond; The water temperature of hastening parturition is 20-22 ℃, should treat that more ZHJ male parent is after arranging essence, gives adding sperm in spawning pond again, and sperm quantity is there to be visible sperm 3-5 around each ovum of microscope inspection.
6, the method for breeding of the degeneration-resistant scallop hybrid kind of high yield according to claim 1, when it is characterized in that the first-filial generation offspring seed cultivation method is grown D shape larva for hybridization back fertilized egg through about 28h, select excellent transferring in the larva culture pond to cultivate, the larvae cultivation water temperature should be stabilized in 20-22 ℃, with chrysophyceae as its open-mouthed bait, cultivate middle and later periods chrysophyceae, diatom or the flat algae in the unit cell algae of throwing something and feeding of can arranging in pairs or groups, scallop hybrid other between larval phase are managed same chlamys farreri.
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Families Citing this family (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN102499151B (en) * | 2011-11-04 | 2015-06-17 | 獐子岛集团股份有限公司 | Breeding method of new high-yield stress-resistant red shell color scallop line |
| CN102960276B (en) * | 2012-11-20 | 2014-02-12 | 汕头大学 | Cultivation method of Chlamys nobilis new strain enriched with DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid) and application thereof |
| CN103719000B (en) * | 2013-12-20 | 2015-09-02 | 中国科学院南海海洋研究所 | The fertility restorer method that one seed oyster distant hybrid is sterile |
| CN104206333A (en) * | 2014-09-19 | 2014-12-17 | 青岛海弘达生物科技有限公司 | Cultivation method for hybrid gold-yellow adductor muscle scallop variety of argopecten irradians |
| CN104719669B (en) * | 2015-03-24 | 2018-09-21 | 临沂大学 | A kind of making of Chlamys farreri young bait and feeding method |
| CN104823889B (en) * | 2015-05-20 | 2017-08-25 | 莱州市曙光渔业有限公司 | A kind of breeding method of scallop hybrid breeding |
| CN106508760B (en) * | 2016-11-23 | 2019-03-12 | 中国科学院海洋研究所 | A kind of selection of bay scallop high temperature resistant new lines |
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