CN106797899B - Method for cultivating new strain of ostrea gigas with high temperature resistance in north - Google Patents
Method for cultivating new strain of ostrea gigas with high temperature resistance in north Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for cultivating a new strain of ostrea gigas in the north. Firstly, parent collection of parent oysters of crassostrea gigas and synchronous ripening cultivation of the parent oysters are carried out, after gonads of the parent oysters of the crassostrea gigas and the crassostrea gigas are developed and matured synchronously, female and male oysters are distinguished through dissection and microscopic examination, mature ova and sperms of the crassostrea gigas are obtained, hybrid offspring of the two parent is obtained, filial generation cultivation is carried out after a hybrid group is obtained, a microsatellite molecular marker technical method is adopted, the filial generation is confirmed to be the filial generation of the crassostrea gigas and the crassostressostresson, and the filial generation is carried out self-reproduction through a truncated selection method and is. The crassostrea gigas new strain obtained by the invention has the advantages of high temperature resistance, high survival rate, rapid growth, high meat yield and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a crassostrea gigas breeding technology and a method, in particular to a new high-temperature-resistant crassostrea gigas strain which is suitable for northern growth and is obtained by utilizing high temperature to perform cross breeding.
Background
Oyster (Chang mu Li)Crassostrea gigas) The shellfish culture medium has the characteristics of high growth speed, strong adaptability, high fertility, low production cost, convenient management, high culture benefit and the like, and becomes one of the most main shellfish culture varieties in China. Since the crassostrea gigas breeds in 5-6 months, the crassostrea gigas is not suitable for eating in summer due to low glycogen content in the breeder and poor taste, so that the eating period of the crassostrea gigas bred is generally in winter.
At present, with the development of the internet and cold chain logistics, crassostrea gigas is the most suitable aquatic product for being eaten raw and transported by living bodies in winter, and in addition, the crassostrea gigas has rich nutrition, delicious taste, short supply and short demand in the market, the price rises and the culture area is also continuously expanded. However, crassostrea gigas lacks systematic and effective breeding work since artificial breeding, and all parents used for breeding are wild-type populations which are never genetically improved in source. Especially, genetic background and quality of breeding parents in most seedling raising fields are not selected, and few male parents are adopted, so that genetic diversity is reduced, germplasm is degraded, the problems of low meat yield, irregular shape, no high temperature resistance, high mortality rate and the like of the cultured crassostrea gigas are shown, and particularly, the cultivation enthusiasm and the industrial development of the crassostrea gigas are seriously influenced by mass death of the crassostrea gigas in the north in recent years. The death of crassostrea gigas mainly occurs in 8-9 months of high-temperature period in summer each year, the death rate is 30-80%, and particularly the death rate is highest when the temperature changes sharply in the middle of 9 months.
And rock oyster (Crassostrea nippona) Is one of the larger individual species of oysters and is the noble of oysters. The crassostrea gigas is mainly distributed in deep water sea areas with high salinity and high temperature in Japan, has the characteristics of large body, high meat yield, high temperature resistance, high salt resistance, strong disease resistance and the like, and is a newly developed excellent oyster cultivation variety. Since the propagation season of crassostrea gigas in Japan is in the high-temperature period of 8-9 months, the best edible period of crassostrea gigas is in summer, and the crassostrea gigas is called summer crassostrea gigas in Japan.
In order to solve the death problem of crassostrea gigas in summer in recent years in the north, the technical bottleneck of how to solve the development synchronism of crassostrea gigas in spring and summer is solved by utilizing the biological characteristics that the crassostrea gigas and the crassostrea gigas belong to the genus crassostrea, and the crassostrea gigas are resistant to low temperature and not resistant to high temperature, and the crassostrea gigas are resistant to high temperature and not resistant to low temperature, and the breeding of the crassostrea gigas is in two different seasons in spring and summer.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for cultivating high-temperature-resistant crassostrea gigas by utilizing hybridization among different temperature-resistant varieties, and the obtained new strain of the crassostrea gigas is high-temperature-resistant and high in meat yield, so as to solve the problems of poor quality and high death rate of the crassostrea gigas in the north at present.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following specific technical scheme:
a method for cultivating a new strain of great oyster with high temperature resistance in north comprises the following steps:
a. parent collection: collecting and determining northern crassostrea gigas and Japanese crassostrea gigas as pure parents by molecular markers; selecting 2-3-year-old crassostrea gigas with shell height of 10-15cm as parent oysters according to the biological characteristics of the crassostrea gigas, and selecting 1-2-year-old crassostrea gigas with shell height of 8-12cm as parent oysters;
b. synchronous ripening and cultivation: heating up and ripening cultivation is carried out in an indoor cultivation pool, in order to synchronize the gonad development of the crassostrea gigas and the crassostrea gigas, the crassostrea gigas is put into the pool for cultivation 30-45 days ahead of the crassostrea gigas, the temperature of the water put into the pool is above 15 ℃ which is the lowest biological temperature of the gonad development of the crassostrea gigas, after the parent shellfish stably grows for 2-3 days, the temperature is raised by 1 ℃ every day, the temperature is kept at 26-28 ℃ for cultivation, the parent shellfish is ripe and ready to produce, and when the effective accumulated temperature above 15 ℃ reaches 400 ℃, spawning and; the crassostrea gigas is put into a pool for ripening cultivation at proper time according to the temperature rise and ripening gonad development condition of the crassostrea gigas, the crassostrea gigas is cultivated at constant temperature when the temperature rises to 22-23 ℃ for spawning, and the synchronous development, ripening and spawning of the crassostrea gigas and the crassostrea gigas are realized by controlling different temperature cultivation;
c. and (3) dissecting and taking sperms and eggs: after the gonads of parent oysters of the crassostrea gigas and the crassostrea gigas are synchronously developed and matured, the parent oysters of the crassostrea gigas and the parent oysters of the crassostrea gigas are distinguished through dissection and microscopic examination, strictly separated to obtain mature ova of the crassostrea gigas and sperms of the crassostrea gigas, and hybridized and fertilized between the two species to obtain hybridized fili;
d. breeding hybrid filial generation: after obtaining the hybrid group, carrying out hybrid offspring cultivation, carrying out cultivation management according to a conventional oyster breeding method, obtaining hybrid young shellfish through larva cultivation, and obtaining a first filial generation F through intermediate breeding and cultivation of the young shellfish1An adult;
e. genetic identification: measuring the genetic linkage map of the hybrid of the cultivated crassostrea gigas and crassostrea gigas by adopting a microsatellite molecular marker technical method, and confirming that the first filial generation is the first filial generation of the crassostrea gigas and the crassostrea gigas according to the measured genetic linkage map of the crassostrea gigas and the crassostrea gigas;
f. strain purification: first filial generation F bred in step d1The adult is used as a parent, 5-10% crassostrea gigas hybrid individuals which can resist the high temperature of 30-35 ℃ are screened as the parent by a truncation selection method, and then filial generation self-propagation is carried out, and a crassostrea gigas new strain which can resist the high temperature is obtained by continuous breeding for a plurality of generations.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: practices prove that the hybrid crassostrea gigas offspring seeds bred by hybridizing the crassostrea gigas female shellfish bred in the north and the high-temperature-resistant crassostrea gigas male shellfish have the outstanding advantages of high temperature resistance, high survival rate, rapid growth and high meat yield in breeding; compared with the crassostrea gigas of common varieties, the new strain of the crassostrea gigas obtained by the invention has the advantages that the growth speed can be improved by more than 20%, the survival rate is improved by more than 50%, the tolerance temperature is improved by 3-4 ℃, and the meat yield is improved by more than 35%, thus the new hybrid crassostrea gigas variety has obvious heterosis. The novel crassostrea gigas variety obtained by the invention is suitable for domestic popularization and cultivation, and improves the current situation of domestic oyster cultivation.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated and described below by means of specific examples.
Example 1:
a method for cultivating a new strain of great oyster with high temperature resistance in north comprises the following steps:
a. parent collection: collecting and determining northern crassostrea gigas and Japanese crassostrea gigas as pure parents by molecular markers; selecting 2-3-year-old crassostrea gigas with shell height of 10-15cm as parent oysters according to the biological characteristics of the crassostrea gigas, and selecting 1-2-year-old crassostrea gigas with shell height of 8-12cm as parent oysters;
b. synchronous ripening and cultivation: heating up and ripening cultivation is carried out in an indoor cultivation pool, in order to synchronize the gonad development of the crassostrea gigas and the crassostrea gigas, the crassostrea gigas is put into the pool for cultivation 30-45 days ahead of the crassostrea gigas, the temperature of the water put into the pool is above 15 ℃ which is the lowest biological temperature of the gonad development of the crassostrea gigas, after the parent shellfish stably grows for 2-3 days, the temperature is raised by 1 ℃ every day, the temperature is kept at 26-28 ℃ for cultivation, the parent shellfish is ripe and ready to produce, and when the effective accumulated temperature above 15 ℃ reaches 400 ℃, spawning and; the crassostrea gigas is put into a pool for ripening cultivation at proper time according to the temperature rise and ripening gonad development condition of the crassostrea gigas, the crassostrea gigas is cultivated at constant temperature when the temperature rises to 22-23 ℃ for spawning, and the synchronous development, ripening and spawning of the crassostrea gigas and the crassostrea gigas are realized by controlling different temperature cultivation;
c. and (3) dissecting and taking sperms and eggs: after the gonads of parent oysters of the crassostrea gigas and the crassostrea gigas are synchronously developed and matured, the parent oysters of the crassostrea gigas and the parent oysters of the crassostrea gigas are distinguished through dissection and microscopic examination, strictly separated to obtain mature ova of the crassostrea gigas and sperms of the crassostrea gigas, and hybridized and fertilized between the two species to obtain hybridized fili;
d. breeding hybrid filial generation: after obtaining the hybrid group, carrying out hybrid offspring cultivation, carrying out cultivation management according to the conventional oyster breeding method, obtaining hybrid young shellfish through larva cultivation, and carrying out intermediate breeding on the young shellfishBreeding and cultivating to obtain first filial generation F1；
e. Genetic identification: measuring the genetic linkage map of the hybrid of the cultivated crassostrea gigas and crassostrea gigas by adopting a microsatellite molecular marker technical method, and confirming that the first filial generation is the first filial generation of the crassostrea gigas and the crassostrea gigas according to the measured genetic linkage map of the crassostrea gigas and the crassostrea gigas;
f. strain purification: first filial generation F bred in step d1As a parent, 5-10% crassostrea gigas hybrid individuals which can resist the high temperature of 30-35 ℃ are screened by a truncation selection method to be used as the parent, and then filial generation self-propagation is carried out for a plurality of generations of continuous breeding, so that a new crassostrea gigas strain which can resist the high temperature, has high survival rate, high growth speed and high meat yield can be obtained, and the stable inheritance can be realized.
Example 2: the novel crassostrea gigas strain obtained in example 1 is used for cultivation
Taiwan cheese 32600
The oyster is cultured in a shallow sea raft type rope-clamping and hanging mode, 12-15 thousands of oyster seedlings are cultured per mu, and the oyster seedlings can reach the commodity specification for sale and processing after 1-2 years.
Example 3: the novel crassostrea gigas strain obtained in example 1 is used for cultivation
Weihai mammary gulf culture sea area
The oyster is cultured in a shallow sea raft type rope-clamping and hanging mode, 12-15 thousands of oyster seedlings are cultured per mu, and the oyster seedlings can reach the commodity specification for sale and processing after 1-2 years.
The method can be obtained by the embodiments 1 and 3, compared with the crassostrea gigas of common varieties, the growth speed of the new crassostrea gigas strain provided by the invention can be improved by more than 20 percent, the survival rate is improved by more than 50 percent, the high temperature resistance is improved by 3-4 ℃, the meat yield is improved by 35 percent, and the new hybrid crassostrea gigas variety has obvious heterosis; the method proves that the hybrid crassostrea gigas offspring seeds bred by hybridizing the crassostrea gigas bred in the north and the high-temperature-resistant crassostrea gigas bred in the north have the outstanding advantages of high temperature resistance, high survival rate, rapid growth and high meat yield.
The above embodiments are merely illustrative of the technical ideas and features of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. All equivalent changes and modifications made according to the spirit of the present invention should be covered within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. A method for cultivating a new strain of ostrea gigas with high temperature resistance in the north is characterized by comprising the following steps:
a. parent collection: collecting and determining northern crassostrea gigas and Japanese crassostrea gigas as pure parents by molecular markers; selecting 2-3-year-old crassostrea gigas with shell height of 10-15cm as parent oysters according to the biological characteristics of the crassostrea gigas, and selecting 1-2-year-old crassostrea gigas with shell height of 8-12cm as parent oysters;
b. synchronous ripening and cultivation of the crassostrea gigas and crassostrea gigas parents: heating up and ripening cultivation is carried out in an indoor cultivation pool, in order to synchronize the gonad development of the crassostrea gigas and the crassostrea gigas, the crassostrea gigas is put into the pool for cultivation 30-45 days earlier than the crassostrea gigas, the temperature of the water put into the pool is above 15 ℃ which is the biological lowest temperature of the gonad development of the crassostrea gigas, after the parent bivalves grow stably, the temperature is raised by 1 ℃ every day, the temperature is kept at 26-28 ℃ for cultivation, the parent shells are ripe and ready to produce, and when the effective accumulated temperature above 15 ℃ reaches 350-400 ℃; the crassostrea gigas is put into a pool for ripening cultivation at proper time according to the temperature rise ripening gonad development condition of the crassostrea gigas, the crassostrea gigas is cultivated at constant temperature when the temperature rises to 22-23 ℃ for later spawning, and the synchronous development, ripening, spawning of the crassostrea gigas and the crassostrea gigas are realized by controlling different temperature cultivation;
c. and (3) dissecting and taking sperms and eggs: after the gonads of parent oysters of the crassostrea gigas and the crassostrea gigas are synchronously developed and matured, the parent oysters of the crassostrea gigas are distinguished by dissection and microscopic examination, the male and female oysters are strictly separated, mature ova of the crassostrea gigas and sperms of the crassostrea gigas are obtained, and hybrid fertilization is carried out to obtain hybrid offspring of two parents;
d. breeding hybrid filial generation: after obtaining the hybrid group, carrying out hybrid offspring cultivation, carrying out cultivation management according to a conventional oyster breeding method, obtaining hybrid young shellfish through larva cultivation, and obtaining a first filial generation F through intermediate breeding and cultivation of the young shellfish1An adult;
e. genetic identification: measuring the genetic linkage map of the hybrid of the cultivated crassostrea gigas and crassostrea gigas by adopting a microsatellite molecular marker technical method, and confirming that the first filial generation is the first filial generation of the crassostrea gigas and the crassostrea gigas according to the measured genetic linkage map of the crassostrea gigas and the crassostrea gigas;
f. strain purification: first filial generation F bred in step d1The adult is used as a parent, 5-10% crassostrea gigas hybrid individuals which can resist the high temperature of 30-35 ℃ are screened as the parent by a truncation selection method, and then filial generation self-propagation is carried out, and a crassostrea gigas new strain which can resist the high temperature is obtained by continuous breeding for a plurality of generations.
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| CN108077134A (en) * | 2017-12-07 | 2018-05-29 | 重庆凌丰科技有限公司 | A kind of producing method for seed of fast-growth oyster strain |
| CN109122439A (en) * | 2018-09-07 | 2019-01-04 | 中国海洋大学 | A kind of north Crassostrea rivularis shell is convex, the thin new lines of shell breeding methods |
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| CN1895035A (en) * | 2005-10-09 | 2007-01-17 | 中国海洋大学 | Hybrid breeding method for high-yield reversible-resisting ctenoid pectinid and luxurious ctenoid pectinid |
| CN103814848A (en) * | 2014-02-28 | 2014-05-28 | 中国科学院南海海洋研究所 | Breeding method for new line of hybrid Crassostrea hongkongensis and Crassostrea gigas |
| CN105875453A (en) * | 2016-04-28 | 2016-08-24 | 大连海洋大学 | Crossbreeding method for improving high-temperature tolerance of patinopecten yesoensis |
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| CN105165686B (en) * | 2015-10-13 | 2018-02-23 | 中国科学院南海海洋研究所 | A kind of producing method for seed of double black shell Kumamoto oyster strains |
| CN106172126B (en) * | 2016-07-20 | 2018-11-20 | 鲁东大学 | A kind of selection with the high long oyster of soft body dry weight |
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| CN1895035A (en) * | 2005-10-09 | 2007-01-17 | 中国海洋大学 | Hybrid breeding method for high-yield reversible-resisting ctenoid pectinid and luxurious ctenoid pectinid |
| CN103814848A (en) * | 2014-02-28 | 2014-05-28 | 中国科学院南海海洋研究所 | Breeding method for new line of hybrid Crassostrea hongkongensis and Crassostrea gigas |
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| CN105875453A (en) * | 2016-04-28 | 2016-08-24 | 大连海洋大学 | Crossbreeding method for improving high-temperature tolerance of patinopecten yesoensis |
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