CN105494200B - A kind of chief blood clam and Chlamys farreri shallow sea cage mixed breed new method - Google Patents
A kind of chief blood clam and Chlamys farreri shallow sea cage mixed breed new method Download PDFInfo
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- CN105494200B CN105494200B CN201510968321.5A CN201510968321A CN105494200B CN 105494200 B CN105494200 B CN 105494200B CN 201510968321 A CN201510968321 A CN 201510968321A CN 105494200 B CN105494200 B CN 105494200B
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
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- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
Abstract
The present invention relates to ecological, intensive, healthy aquaculture methods in relation to stalwart blood clam and Chlamys farreri.A kind of new method of chief blood clam and Chlamys farreri shallow sea cage mixed breed, which is characterized in that carried out by following cultivation step：1), seed selects；2), equipment prepares：3) seedling, is thrown；4), once fall cage；5), secondary cage；6), three times fall cage；7), stalwart blood clam and Chlamys farreri grow up to.A kind of stalwart blood clam of the present invention and Chlamys farreri shallow sea cage mixed breed new method, not only by script battalion bottom dwell life stalwart blood clam carry out cage cultivation, improve the intensive level of cultivation, stalwart blood clam cage cultivation death rate height and the low problem of Chlamys farreri culture efficiency are also solved, composite culture benefit is improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to aquaculture technologies, are shellfish environmental health cultural technique, especially a kind of by stalwart blood clam and scallop
Ecological, intensive, the healthy cultivation new method of mixed breeding.
Background technology
Stalwart blood clam (Scapharca broughtonii Schrenck) is a kind of large-scale bivalve shellfish sought and bury life of dwelling, raw
It is living in 3 meters of the offshore depth of water to nearly 50 meters of the shale in off-lying sea or argillo arenaceous seabed, be distributed widely in the Pacific Northwest sea of Japan, Huang
Sea, the Bohai Sea, the East Sea, China Liaodong Peninsula, the Shandong Peninsula and East Sea coastal resources amount are abundant, still with the stalwart blood clam resource of Northern Huanghai Sea
Most concentrate, it is big with yield, good quality is famous.Stalwart blood clam meat flavour is delicious, and full of nutrition, economic value is very high, belongs to precious marine product, cold
Frozen ark shell meat is well received in international market, especially Japanese market.According to annual fishery resources statistics, due to long-term
Excessive fishing make stalwart blood clam etc. along with the fishing style (otter-trawl, inhale shellfish machine etc.) of mechanization seriously destroys bottom soil
The living environment of benthic mollusca deteriorates, and stalwart blood clam natural resources significantly declines, and can not form high-volume so far and has caught so that stalwart blood clam
Domestic market and demand for exports far can not be met.In recent years, it in Shandong, some areas in Hebei, establishes a kind of stalwart blood clam and hangs
The new model that cage is grown makes to seek the dwell mode of life of bottom originally and is changed to shallow sea hanging culture, can not only improve the intensive of stalwart blood clam cultivation
Level forms stable stock number, and plays important promotion to the recovery of protection environments such as subsea, the wild stalwart blood clam resource of promotion
Effect.But the characteristics of due to stalwart blood clam build, in the breeding process, with the increase of individual, mutual collision probability increases, makes
The death rate at cage chief blood clam is higher.
Chlamys farreri (Chlamys farreri) is a kind of coastal important traditional cultivated shellfish of northern China, in China
It is occupied an important position in culture fishery.But cultivation density is excessive, water environment degradation, germplasm degenerate etc. due to, comb hole fan
There are the phenomena of mortality successively in shellfish, 1997,1998 annual death rates be once up to 90%, part sea area even has no harvest, and is caused to fisherman
Huge economic loss, the serious blow cultivation enthusiasm of raiser.Currently, although Chlamys farreri cultivation is to a certain degree
On restored, but the phenomena of mortality still occasionally have a generation, and Chlamys farreri cultivation labor cost is high so that Chlamys farreri cultivates
Benefit is relatively low always.Therefore improve cultural technique have become Chlamys farreri cultivation sustainable development there is an urgent need to.
Although it is larger compared with long and area that Chlamys farreri cultivates history, aquaculture model is more single and culture efficiency is less than stalwart blood clam
Cultivation；Battalion bottom is dwelt life originally for stalwart blood clam, and cage aquaculture model is just begun setting up in recent years.Stalwart blood clam and Chlamys farreri raise together there is not yet
Report, the two mixed breeding can not only solve the problems, such as that the stalwart blood clam cage cultivation death rate is larger, moreover it is possible to whole culture efficiency is improved, it is suitable
It is widely applied.
Invention content
When purpose of the present invention is to be raised together with Chlamys farreri by establishing stalwart blood clam enter cage specification and enter the cage time, both arrange in pairs or groups
Ratio, the technical essentials such as cage and harvest time of falling, establish the aquaculture model for stablizing ripe stalwart blood clam and Chlamys farreri mixed breeding, a side
Face solves the problems, such as that the intensive level of stalwart blood clam bottom sowing culture is low, survival rate is low, it is big to environmental disruption to fish naturally, while can carry again
The survival rate of high chief's blood clam cage；On the other hand solve the problems, such as that Chlamys farreri aquaculture model is single, culture efficiency is unstable and low,
The whole benefit for improving shellfish culture, promotes the development of shellfish industry.
To solve the above problems, the technical solution adopted in the present invention is：
A kind of chief blood clam and Chlamys farreri shallow sea cage mixed breed new method, is characterized in that, by following cultivation step
It is rapid to carry out：
1), seed selects：Stalwart blood clam seedling reaches the seed of 0.8cm or more using current year artificial breeding and shell length；Chlamys farreri
Seedling is using current year artificial breeding or the seed collected seedling naturally, the long 0.6cm or more of shell；
2), equipment prepares：Cultivation equipment includes temporarily foster cage and forming the breeding cages of two kinds of specifications of cage, be all made of scallop cage or
Again the new cage similar with scallop basket structure is customized；Breeding cage be built-in with 10-15 layers, interlamellar spacing 12-18cm, a diameter of 30-
The polyethylene disc of 34cm is temporarily provided with the eyelet of aperture 0.5-0.8cm, forms and be provided with aperture on the disk of cage on the disk of foster cage
The eyelet of 1-1.5cm；Culture raft frame is scallop culture raft frame, and breeding cage is hung on parallel raft frame, and raft frame is equipped with float,
It is connected with buoyant rope between float and raft frame, 8-10 meters of raft frame spacing.
3) seedling, is thrown：By the end of October at the beginning of 11 months, when water temperature is down to 15 DEG C or less, stalwart blood clam seedling and Chlamys farreri seedling are distinguished
It is put into temporarily foster cage, separates temporary support and carry out overwintering, 800-1000 pieces of layer loading amount, temporary cage of supporting is put in a suitable place to breed in the seawater of 6-8m depths,
And it is hung on buoyant raft according to 70-90cm spacing distances；
4), once fall cage：April in next year, water temperature carry out down cage when rising to 10 DEG C or more.By stalwart blood clam seedling and Chlamys farreri seedling
It is cleared from former temporarily foster cage, filters out the tall and big stalwart blood clam seedling and Chlamys farreri seedling in 1cm of shell, by it down to forming in cage,
Layer 400-500 pieces of total amount of dress, Chlamys farreri are (0.5-1.5) forming the quantity blend proportion in cage with stalwart blood clam:1, it will form
Cage is put in a suitable place to breed in the seawater of 4-5m depths；Breeding cage is down to 10 meters or less by the setting stage；
5), secondary cage：When water temperature is down to 12 DEG C or less, stalwart blood clam seedling and Chlamys farreri seedling are supported from original October in next year
It grows in cage and clears, filter out the tall and big tall and big Chlamys farreri seedling in 3cm of stalwart blood clam seedling and shell in 2.5cm of shell, spread again
In in breeding cage, the blend proportion of 200-250 pieces of layer loading amount, Chlamys farreri and stalwart blood clam is (0.8-1.2):1；Clear up stalwart blood clam simultaneously
With the aufwuch on Chlamys farreri individual and breeding cage；
6), three times fall cage：When water temperature rises to 10 DEG C or more, the shell tall and big stalwart blood clam seedling in 3cm is filtered out April in third year
With the tall and big Chlamys farreri seedling in 3.5cm of shell into cage, the blend proportion of 100 pieces of layer loading amount, Chlamys farreri and stalwart blood clam is 1:1；
7), stalwart blood clam and Chlamys farreri grow up to：Third year August part, stalwart blood clam shell is tall and big in 5cm or more and when accounting for 95% or more,
Chlamys farreri shell is tall and big in 6.5cm and when accounting for 90% or more, starts to harvest.
Other points for attention in the breeding process：During Summer High-Temperature Times and winter low temperature, actuating is reduced；Juvenile mollusk
When seedling separation operation, juvenile mollusk will avoid solarization, and using morning and evening time operation, promotion at sea operates, with point, with extension；By land into
Row juvenile mollusk is divided into seedlings, and need to temporarily be supported with the seawater of flowing, not collected together seedling, is dispensed in time, and action is soft；The juvenile mollusk transported is needed to utilize every
Its early, late weather nice and cool time carries out, and windproof, anti-dry, anti-solarization, anti-rain.
Compared with existing stalwart blood clam and Chlamys farreri cultural technique, the present invention has following features：
1, the culture efficiency of unit of water body is improved.Compared to bottom sowing culture, the Gao Shui on upper layer can be utilized by carrying out cage cultivation
Mild abundant bait improves the survival rate and growth speed of stalwart blood clam；Mixed breed is carried out, also reduces comb hole to a certain extent
The cultivation density of scallop to improve the survival rate of Chlamys farreri, and then improves whole culture efficiency.
2, the survival rate of stalwart blood clam cage is improved.Chlamys farreri by secrete byssus be fixed in scallop cage, between each other every
Go out several spaces, stalwart blood clam can also be randomly dispersed in each space, greatly reduce mutual collision probability, to reduce
The death rate.
Specific implementation mode
Stalwart blood clam a kind of to the present invention and Chlamys farreri shallow sea cage mixed breed new method are described in detail below below, with
Keep the method that the present invention describes more clear specific.
Embodiment 1
A kind of chief blood clam and Chlamys farreri shallow sea cage mixed breed new method, by the progress of following cultivation step：
1), seed selects：Stalwart blood clam seedling reaches the seed of 0.8cm or more using current year artificial breeding and shell length；Chlamys farreri
Seedling is using current year artificial breeding or the seed collected seedling naturally, the long 0.6cm or more of shell；
2), equipment prepares：Cage and cage is formed including temporarily supporting, customized using scallop cage or again similar with scallop basket structure
New cage；
3) seedling, is thrown：By the end of October at the beginning of 11 months, when water temperature is down to 15 DEG C or less, stalwart blood clam seedling and Chlamys farreri seedling are distinguished
It is put into temporarily foster cage and carries out overwintering, 800 pieces of layer loading amount, temporary cage of supporting is put in a suitable place to breed in the seawater of 6m depths, and according to the intervals 70-90cm
Distance is hung on buoyant raft；
4), once fall cage：April in next year, water temperature carry out down cage when rising to 10 DEG C or more.By stalwart blood clam seedling and Chlamys farreri seedling
It is cleared from former temporarily foster cage, filters out the tall and big stalwart blood clam seedling and Chlamys farreri seedling in 1cm of shell, by it down to forming in cage,
The blend proportion of layer 400 pieces of total amount of dress, Chlamys farreri and stalwart blood clam is 0.5:1, cage will be formed and put in a suitable place to breed in the seawater of 4m depths；Attachment
Breeding cage is down to 10 meters or less by the phase；
5), secondary cage：October in next year, when water temperature is dropped to 12 DEG C or less, by stalwart blood clam seedling and Chlamys farreri seedling from original
It is cleared in breeding cage, filters out the tall and big stalwart blood clam seedling in 3cm of the tall and big stalwart blood clam seedling and shell in 2.5cm of shell, intersperse among again
In breeding cage, the blend proportion of 200 pieces of layer loading amount, Chlamys farreri and stalwart blood clam is 0.8:1；Stalwart blood clam and Chlamys farreri are cleared up simultaneously
Aufwuch on body and breeding cage；
6), three times fall cage：When water temperature rises to 10 DEG C or more, the shell tall and big stalwart blood clam seedling in 3cm is filtered out April in third year
With the tall and big Chlamys farreri seedling in 3.5cm of shell into cage, the blend proportion of 100 pieces of layer loading amount, Chlamys farreri and stalwart blood clam is 1:1；
7), stalwart blood clam and Chlamys farreri grow up to：Third year August part, stalwart blood clam shell is tall and big in 5cm or more and when accounting for 95% or more,
Chlamys farreri shell is tall and big in 6.5cm and when accounting for 90% or more, starts to harvest.
Embodiment 2
1), seed selects：Stalwart blood clam seedling reaches the seed of 0.8cm or more using current year artificial breeding and shell length；Chlamys farreri
Seedling is using current year artificial breeding or the seed collected seedling naturally, the long 0.6cm or more of shell；
2), equipment prepares：Cage and cage is formed including temporarily supporting, customized using scallop cage or again similar with scallop basket structure
New cage；
3) seedling, is thrown：By the end of October at the beginning of 11 months, when water temperature is down to 15 DEG C or less, stalwart blood clam seedling and Chlamys farreri seedling are distinguished
It is put into temporarily foster cage, separates temporary support and carry out overwintering, 1000 pieces of layer loading amount, temporary cage of supporting is put in a suitable place to breed in the seawater of 8m depths, and according to
70-90cm spacing distances are hung on buoyant raft；
4), once fall cage：April in next year, water temperature carry out down cage when rising to 10 DEG C or more.By stalwart blood clam seedling and Chlamys farreri seedling
It is cleared from former temporarily foster cage, filters out the tall and big stalwart blood clam seedling and Chlamys farreri seedling in 1cm of shell, by it down to forming in cage,
Layer 500 pieces of total amount of dress, Chlamys farreri are 1.5 forming the quantity blend proportion in cage with stalwart blood clam:1, cage will be formed and put in a suitable place to breed in 4-
In the seawater of 5m depths；Breeding cage is down to 10 meters or less by the setting stage；
5), secondary cage：When water temperature is down to 12 DEG C or less, stalwart blood clam seedling and Chlamys farreri seedling are supported from original October in next year
It grows in cage and clears, filter out the tall and big stalwart blood clam seedling in 3cm of the tall and big stalwart blood clam seedling and shell in 2.5cm of shell, intersperse among again foster
It grows in cage, 250 pieces of layer loading amount, the blend proportion of Chlamys farreri and stalwart blood clam is 1.2:1；Stalwart blood clam and Chlamys farreri individual are cleared up simultaneously
With the aufwuch on breeding cage；
6), three times fall cage：When water temperature rises to 10 DEG C or more, the shell tall and big stalwart blood clam seedling in 3cm is filtered out April in third year
With the tall and big Chlamys farreri seedling in 3.5cm of shell into cage, the blend proportion of 100 pieces of layer loading amount, Chlamys farreri and stalwart blood clam is 1:1；
7), stalwart blood clam and Chlamys farreri grow up to：Third year August part, stalwart blood clam shell is tall and big in 5cm or more and when accounting for 95% or more,
Chlamys farreri shell is tall and big in 6.5cm and when accounting for 90% or more, starts to harvest.
Embodiment 3：
1), seed selects：Stalwart blood clam seed is Long Island proliferation experiment station from numerous seed, oviposition on June 20th, 2013, August 10
Number going out pond temporarily supports, and terminates November 15 temporarily to support, average size 0.9cm amounts to 10,000,000；Chlamys farreri seed is proliferated for Long Island
Experiment centre is from numerous seed, and oviposition, went out pond and temporarily supported on June 15 on May 11st, 2013, terminates October 15 temporarily to support, average size
1.1cm amounts to 10,000,000；
2), breeding facility：Breeding cage is Chlamys farreri breeding cage, point 2 kinds of specifications：It temporarily supports cage, form cage；
3) seedling, is thrown：On November 8th, 2013 when water temperature is down to 15 DEG C or less, stalwart blood clam seedling and Chlamys farreri seedling are put into respectively
The temporarily overwintering cultivation of foster cage, it is 900 that every layer, which puts seedling all, keeps hanging water layer 7m, spacing 0.8m；
4), once fall cage：When water temperature rises to 10 DEG C or more, cage, seedling separation are carried out down on April 20th, 2014, temporary cage of supporting is changed
At cage is formed, it is 4.5m to keep hanging water layer, and every layer puts seedling 450, and the blend proportion of Chlamys farreri and stalwart blood clam is 1.35:1；
5), secondary cage：When water temperature is down to 12 DEG C or less, the tall and big chief in 2.5cm of shell is filtered out on October 27th, 2014
Blood clam seedling and the tall and big Chlamys farreri seedling in 3cm of shell fall cage again, and every layer puts seedling 230, the blend proportion of Chlamys farreri and stalwart blood clam
It is 1.18:1, keep hanging water layer 6m；
6), three times fall cage：When water temperature rises to 10 DEG C or more, the tall and big stalwart blood clam in 3cm of shell is filtered out on April 28th, 2015
Seedling and the tall and big Chlamys farreri seedling seedling separation of falling cage in 3.5cm of shell, every layer puts seedling 100, and the two blend proportion is 1:1, keep hanging water
Layer 4.5m；
7), stalwart blood clam and Chlamys farreri grow up to：August 25 in 2015, harvest are sold, statistics yield, input-output ratio.
As a result
Compared with existing breeding way, input-output ratio is significantly improved and (be see the table below).
Other points for attention in the breeding process：During Summer High-Temperature Times and winter low temperature, actuating is reduced；Juvenile mollusk
When seedling separation operation, juvenile mollusk will avoid solarization, and using morning and evening time operation, promotion at sea operates, with point, with extension；By land into
Row juvenile mollusk is divided into seedlings, and need to temporarily be supported with the seawater of flowing, not collected together seedling, is dispensed in time, and action is soft；The juvenile mollusk transported is needed to utilize every
Its early, late weather nice and cool time carries out, and windproof, anti-dry, anti-solarization, anti-rain.
Claims (3)
1. a kind of chief blood clam and Chlamys farreri shallow sea cage mixed cultivation method, which is characterized in that carried out by following cultivation step：
1), seed selects：Stalwart blood clam seedling reaches the seed of 0.8cm or more using current year artificial breeding and shell length；Chlamys farreri seedling is adopted
With current year artificial breeding or the seed collected seedling naturally, the long 0.6cm or more of shell；
2), equipment prepares：Cage and cage is formed including temporarily supporting, customized using scallop cage or again similar with scallop basket structure new
Cage；
3) seedling, is thrown：By the end of October at the beginning of 11 months, when water temperature is down to 15 DEG C or less, stalwart blood clam seedling and Chlamys farreri seedling is put into and temporarily supported
It in cage, separates and temporarily supports overwintering, 800-1000 pieces of the layer loading amount of progress, temporary cage of supporting is put in a suitable place to breed in the seawater of 6-8m depths, and according to 70-
90cm spacing distances are hung on buoyant raft；
4), once fall cage：April in next year, water temperature carry out down cage when rising to 10 DEG C or more；By stalwart blood clam seedling and Chlamys farreri seedling from original
It is temporarily cleared in foster cage, filters out the tall and big stalwart blood clam seedling and Chlamys farreri seedling in 1cm of shell, by it down to forming in cage, layer fills
400-500 pieces of total amount, Chlamys farreri are (0.5-1.5) forming the quantity blend proportion in cage with stalwart blood clam:1, cage will be formed and put
It supports in the seawater of 4-5m depths；Setting stage will form cage and be down to 10 meters or less；
5), secondary cage：When water temperature is down to 12 DEG C or less, stalwart blood clam seedling and Chlamys farreri seedling are formed into cage from original October in next year
In clear, filter out the tall and big tall and big Chlamys farreri seedling in 3cm of stalwart blood clam seedling and shell in 2.5cm of shell, intersperse among again foster
At in cage, the blend proportion of 200-250 pieces of layer loading amount, Chlamys farreri and stalwart blood clam is (0.8-1.2):1；Clear up stalwart blood clam and comb simultaneously
Hole scallop individual and form the aufwuch on cage；
6), three times fall cage：When water temperature rises to 10 DEG C or more, shell tall and big stalwart blood clam seedling and shell in 3cm is filtered out April in third year
The tall and big Chlamys farreri seedling in 3.5cm is into cage, 100 pieces of layer loading amount, and the blend proportion of Chlamys farreri and stalwart blood clam is 1:1；
7), stalwart blood clam and Chlamys farreri grow up to：Third year August part, stalwart blood clam shell is tall and big in 5cm and when accounting for 95% or more, Chlamys farreri
Shell is tall and big in 6.5cm and when accounting for 90% or more, starts to harvest.
2. a kind of stalwart blood clam and Chlamys farreri shallow sea cage mixed cultivation method as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that temporarily support cage
It is built-in with 10-15 layers, the polyethylene disc of interlamellar spacing 12-18cm, a diameter of 30-34cm with cage is formed, temporarily the disk of foster cage
On be provided with the eyelet of aperture 0.5-0.8cm, form the eyelet that aperture 1-1.5cm is provided on the disk of cage；Culture raft frame is scallop
Cultivation raft frame, forms cage and hangs on parallel raft frame, and raft frame is equipped with float, is connected with buoyant rope between float and raft frame, raft
8-10 meters of frame spacing.
3. a kind of stalwart blood clam and Chlamys farreri shallow sea cage mixed cultivation method as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that in summer
During megathermal period and winter low temperature, actuating is reduced；When juvenile mollusk seedling separation operation, juvenile mollusk will avoid solarization, be existed using time morning and evening
Offshore operations, with point, with extension；Juvenile mollusk seedling separation is carried out by land, need to temporarily be supported with the seawater of flowing, not collect together seedling, is dispensed in time, action
Softly；It needs the juvenile mollusk transported to be carried out using daily time early, that late weather is nice and cool, windproof, anti-dry, anti-solarization, rain-proof
Leaching.
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| CN106508759A (en) * | 2016-11-04 | 2017-03-22 | 中国水产科学研究院长岛增殖实验站 | Method for synchronous development control of scapharca broughtonii in different geographical populations |
| CN106857354A (en) * | 2016-12-27 | 2017-06-20 | 中国水产科学研究院长岛增殖实验站 | A kind of method of Patinopecten yessoensis sea seedling separation |
| CN107047402B (en) * | 2017-04-07 | 2020-05-29 | 苑春亭 | Shallow sea raft culture method suitable for healthy and efficient growth of shellfish |
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| CN102100199A (en) * | 2010-12-14 | 2011-06-22 | 大连獐子岛渔业集团股份有限公司 | Method for culturing one-year patinopecten yesoensis |
| CN102578011A (en) * | 2012-03-09 | 2012-07-18 | 中国科学院南海海洋研究所 | Culture method for promoting growth of marine product shellfish |
| CN104996333B (en) * | 2015-06-30 | 2017-09-29 | 中国水产科学研究院长岛增殖实验站 | A kind of stalwart blood clam shallow sea suspension cage cultivation method |
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