CN1241471C - Breeding method for autumn offspring of Pinna (Atrina) pectinate - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a breeding method for an autumn offspring of a pectinate scallop. The pectinate scallop offspring starts to breed in 8 to 9 months, and a qualified parent scallop is selected at first. Parent scallop sex glands are regulated and controlled to synchronously mature after 10 to 15 days, and the parent scallop spawns and impregnates. Then, a scallop larva is bred, the scallop offspring is modified and attached into a young scallop for 13 to 18 days. The young scallop is bred on the sea after temporarily bred in a room for 10 to 15 days. The scallops are separated to be cultivated on the sea in November and are harvested in the september to November of next year until July of the third year. Compared with the breeding method of the spring offspring, the present invention has the advantages that a first optimized growth period is used for prompting the young scallop to quickly grow, the influence of disadvantage factors that the scallop which is bred by the spring offspring influences the growth of the young scallop due to early gonadal development in spring of the next year, and the scallop has weak constitution after spawning and is easy to die at a large scale when the breeding stage is coincident to the high temperature stage. Simultaneously, a commodity scallop is bred by a second optimized growth period (in autumn of next year and the autumn of the next year thereafter) The condition that the conventional harvest stage is focused before the high temperature stage is changed, and the present invention has the advantages of breeding cycle shortening, harvest season extension and economic benefit enhancement.

Description

Chlamys farreri seed breeding in autumn and form method

Technical field

The present invention relates to the seed breeding and form method in autumn of a kind of aquaculture technology, particularly chlamys farreri.

Background technology

The chlamys farreri of propagating artificially at present all is to carry out seed breeding in spring (3-5 month), generally carries out marine young shellfish 5-10 month and supports temporarily and keep a full stand of seedings, and 10-11 month or in March, second divide seedling to form, and normal condition to the second was gathered in the crops after year October.Owing to extensive disease, gathered in the crops in the past in August mostly since 96 years.The aquaculture model in spring of this chlamys farreri has a lot of drawbacks, and in yellow Bohai Sea Area, 3-5 month water temperature is very low, and the need of work of growing seedlings has boiler heat supplying to guarantee the seedling water temperature, therefore consumes a large amount of energy and increases cost; Enter the megathermal period very soon after particularly the scallop seedling is plunged into the commercial sea, be unfavorable for the growth of scallop, the individual specification of seed is less.Particularly forming the environment discomfort impels the chlamys farreri gonad development ahead of time, need 2-3 age could gonad development in the normal natural environment, and cultivating condition shellfish in next gets final product gonad maturity in age, the minimum bio type is by narrowing down to more than the 3cm about 1.5cm, gonad development not only influences the growth of scallop, and owing to exactly overlap breeding period with the megathermal period, the shellfish that lays eggs has a delicate constitution and adds hot environment and cause the scallop growing environment to worsen, as red tide and a large amount of growth of microorganism, the aufwuch growth of shellfish cage is fast, the water exchange efficiency of breeding cage is reduced or the like, usually bring out extensive disease, the frequent occurrence of large-area phenomena of mortality of spring seedling scallop in recent years, this and spring seedling aquaculture model have some relations.For example the dead area of Shandong Province scallop in 1998 reaches 16.7 ten thousand mu, and lethality is more than 70%, have in addition No kernels or seeds are gathered, as in a year of scarcity.The scallop large tracts of land phenomena of mortality have also appearred in sea area, Liaoning Province.Find in the research in addition scallop discharge smart ovum after lethality improve, not only with have a delicate constitution relevant, may be the same with other aquatile, just mortality after having finished the history of life.The raiser causes a large amount of supply the markets of short time for avoiding loss often in the assault results eight, before the megathermal period in September, influences economic benefit.

Summary of the invention

The objective of the invention is to make scallop grow seedlings in the fall and form by Artificial Control, a kind of chlamys farreri seed breeding in autumn promptly is provided and forms pattern, this method makes chlamys farreri begin seed breeding mid-August-September in the fall, choose qualified close shellfish earlier, regulated and control close shellfish sexual gland through 10-15 days synchronously ripe and lay eggs, fertilization, carry out the scallop larval culture then, adhere to into juvenile mollusk through the metamorphosis of 13-18 days scallop seedling, juvenile mollusk carried out the sea and keeps a full stand of seedings after indoor foster 10-15 days temporarily, carry out the mariculture of branch cage November, spend first megathermal period, culture and begin results 1 year 9-11 month, all can gather in the crops until the seawater in the 3rd year before the megathermal period (July approximately).

Thisly breed and form pattern and have many good qualities, because grow seedlings in 8-9 month, water temperature and temperature are suitable to the chlamys farreri larvae cultivation when growing seedlings, and therefore do not need or seldom need adjustment, have saved energy resource consumption and seedling cost.Autumn Miao Youbei enters scallop and forms the time of cage after October, can make scallop form two continuous suitable growth seasons of experience and a megathermal period, avoid that the spring seedling of conventional seedbed system divides the very fast experience megathermal period behind the seedling, aufwuch breeds in a large number with environment in the adverse environments of a large amount of propagation of microorganism, form big specification shellfish and need experience two megathermal periods and have only a continuous suitable growth phase.Autumn, winter, the attached biomass of cultivation equipment reduced, can the normal water exchange of assurance carry out, worked as spring seedling scallop because breeding period and megathermal period overlap 1 year summer, usually occur between extensive death phase, this moment, autumn seedling chlamys farreri was because shellfish is little age, also do not enter the sexual gland developmental stage, and its shellfish body physique is good, can spend megathermal period and disease high-incidence season smoothly, thereby prevent the chlamys farreri mortality, enter second continuous suitable growth phase, provide condition for forming big standard commodities shellfish.The chlamys farreri autumn seedling culturing time of forming same size shortens 3-6 month than spring seedling culturing time, and output is higher than the spring seedling and forms, simultaneously owing to reduce its disease that may exist of culturing time and other risks also significantly reduce.And need not concentrate on 8 harvest time, September, and the prolongation of its harvest time is beneficial to market sale greatly, can keep the higher market price, improves the economic benefit of forming.

Embodiment

Concrete grammar of the present invention and step:

1) grow seedlings in the selection of time of chlamys farreri seed breeding and autumn and prepare to select to begin to carry out mid-August in autumn to September usually the seed breeding of chlamys farreri, perform in advance and breed preparation, prepare and cleaning sterilization and personnel's division of labor, the breeding of algae kind etc. as seedling equipment.

2) the chlamys farreri seed breeding cleans up with the screening of close shellfish with to support temporarily be to choose individual health, close shellfish that gonad development is good in mid or late August, selects male and female and separates into the pond and support temporarily.Stocking density will be controlled at below every cube of water body 30-50, can adopt cylinder mould to hang to support or buoyant raft is supported temporarily, an amount of qi of chong channel ascending adversely, flowing water or every day need be changed water 1-2 time entirely, and the flat algae of in batches throwing something and feeding, chrysophyceae or other particulate artitificial food, the nurturing period needs often to remove close shellfish excreta, rejects dead sick shellfish.Use air conditioner and refrigeration machine regulation and control water temperature, generally raising under 17.5-21 ℃ of condition of water temperature, wait to produce close shellfish,, can support temporarily at 19-20 ℃ for increasing the gonad development synchronism of close shellfish through what 10-15 days raising just can be bred the gonad development basic synchronization;

3) close shellfish to hasten parturition and be fertilized then be to select the good male and female of gonad development parent shellfish respectively, dry in the shade about 30 minutes, female shellfish is put into spawning pond and hastens parturition, an amount of qi of chong channel ascending adversely, water temperature 22-23 ℃; Surplus bucket or small-sized tank row essence, an amount of qi of chong channel ascending adversely, about 20 ℃ of the water temperatures put into only of male shellfish 30-50.Treat can inseminate after the smart ovulation peak period, sperm quantity is controlled at each ovum and adheres to 5-7 sperm and be advisable.

4) scallop embryo hatching, select excellent, larval culture and spring seedling standard basic identical, scallop larval culture density 8/more than the ml, coolant-temperature gage remains on 17-21 ℃ or natural temperature and all can, cultivated through 12-15 days, when the ratio of eyespot larva reaches more than 70%, general embryophore length at this moment can be thrown in adherance about the 180-200 micron.Management routinely after metamorphosis is adhered to.

5) to form then be the juvenile mollusk that chlamys farreri autumn seedling is bred to chlamys farreri autumn seedling, after young shellfish is formed at the sea temporarily, can carry out the branch seedling in mid-November and form, this moment young shellfish the shell height generally at the 0.5-1.5 centimetre.Every cage is put seedling by every layer of 35-45 grain, specifically determines that according to cultivating condition and technology other daily managements are identical with the scallop culture of growing seedlings spring.

6) results generally all can be gathered in the crops before in the July, 3 in September to the in 1 year, and harvest time is longer, determines harvest time according to the size and the market demand of scallop, and the scallop specification can reach 5-9cm during results.

The present invention since in the fall (the annual 8-11 month) carry out the chlamys farreri seed breeding, divide seedling to form after autumn, need in culturing through two summer high temperatures optimum periods not to avoid present chlamys farreri spring seedling, the extensive dead problem of special second megathermal period scallop, and shorten the culture-cycle.Autumn seedling raising technology comprise support temporarily the autumn of chlamys farreri parent shellfish and grow seedlings autumn before the gonad development control technique, autumn seedling larvae cultivation technology, the supporting temporarily and form technology of autumn seedling juvenile mollusk.With existing spring offspring breeding method compare, it is short that the present invention has the time of forming, utilize the first suitable growth stage (autumn and 1 year spring then) to impel young shellfish to grow fast, and avoid the spring seedling to form scallop gonad development in 1 year spring influencing the growth of young shellfish too early, and lay eggs the back physique a little less than, overlap the influence that extensive dead unfavorable factor easily takes place breeding period with the megathermal period, make and form scallop safety and cross the summer.Utilize second suitable growth stage (1 year autumn and winter-spring season subsequently) to carry out forming of big standard commodities shellfish simultaneously, and can change the problem before concentrate on the megathermal period present harvest time, prolong the harvest season, increase economic efficiency.

Claims (1)

1, chlamys farreri seed breeding in autumn and form method is characterized in that concrete grammar and step:

1) preparation of growing seedlings in the selection of time of chlamys farreri seed breeding and autumn selects to begin to carry out mid-August in autumn to September the seed breeding of chlamys farreri;

2) the chlamys farreri seed breeding is supported with temporary with the screening of close shellfish, be choose mid or late August individual health, gonad development good close shellfish, stocking density will be controlled at every cube of water body 30-50, can adopt cylinder mould to hang and support or the temporary foster and inflation of buoyant raft, flowing water or every day need be changed water 1-2 time entirely, and the flat algae of in batches throwing something and feeding, chrysophyceae or other particulate artitificial food, nurturing period needs often to remove close shellfish excreta and reject dead sick shellfish, raise under 17.5-21 ℃ of condition of water temperature, just breed gonad development close shellfish essentially identical to be produced through 10-15 days raising;

3) close shellfish to hasten parturition and be fertilized then be to select the good male and female of gonad development parent shellfish respectively, dry in the shade about 30 minutes, female shellfish is put into spawning pond and hastens parturition and inflate water temperature 22-23 ℃; Male shellfish 30-50 only puts into bucket or small-sized tank row is smart, an amount of qi of chong channel ascending adversely, and about 20 ℃ of water temperatures are treated promptly to inseminate after the smart ovulation peak period, and sperm quantity is controlled at each ovum and adheres to 5-7 sperm;

4) the scallop larval culture is with conventional basic identical, but should guarantee technically to cultivate density 8/more than the ml, and coolant-temperature gage remain on 17-21 ℃ or natural temperature all can, cultivated through 12-15 days and promptly to throw in adherance;

5) to form then be the juvenile mollusk that chlamys farreri autumn seedling is bred to chlamys farreri autumn seedling, carries out the branch seedling in mid-November and form, and daily management is identical with the scallop culture of growing seedlings spring;

6) results were in the July, 3 in September to the in 1 year.