CN107047402B

CN107047402B - Shallow sea raft culture method suitable for healthy and efficient growth of shellfish

Info

Publication number: CN107047402B
Application number: CN201710224156.1A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 苑春亭; 刘强; 郭文; 刘艳春; 张秀珍; 许家磊
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2017-04-07
Filing date: 2017-04-07
Publication date: 2020-05-29
Anticipated expiration: 2037-04-07
Also published as: CN107047402A

Abstract

The invention provides a shallow sea raft culture method suitable for healthy and efficient growth of shellfish. The technical scheme is as follows: mainly comprises an iron anchor fixing ring (1), a buoy (2), a lifting rope (3), a clamping protrusion (4), a cross rod (5), a buoy fixing ring (6), a vertical rod (7), a mooring rope (8), an iron anchor (9), a culture cage (10), a rope sleeve (11), a valve rod (12), a lower-layer valve rod (13) and a vertical rod (14). The method is characterized in that raft culture is carried out in different sea areas from the near shore and the far shore to the near shore at each time period, the cultured shellfish is always ensured to grow in a proper water environment, and the water environment is regularly monitored by planning the distribution of culture sea areas, so that the quality and the yield of the shellfish are ensured.

Description

Shallow sea raft culture method suitable for healthy and efficient growth of shellfish

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of shallow sea culture, in particular to a shallow sea raft culture method suitable for healthy and efficient growth of shellfish.

Background

In shallow sea raft culture of shellfish, with the continuous expansion of culture scale, the safety problem of shellfish culture becomes more and more prominent, and the problems of deterioration of culture environment, quality reduction of cultured shellfish, outbreak of diseases and the like seriously hinder the healthy sustainable development of shellfish culture industry. The shellfish culture area is located in a bay close to the offshore area, the storm wave is small, the seawater exchange capacity is poor, the influence of land source sewage discharge is large, the raft culture pile foundation of the shellfish is fixed, and the shellfish culture cage is tied on a pile cable, so that when the culture environment changes or is polluted, the shellfish culture cannot be avoided, the serious pollution often causes diseases, the quality and the yield of cultured shellfish are reduced, and the serious economic loss is caused to the production of farmers. In one year, different sea areas are influenced by factors such as water temperature, illumination, water depth, nutritive salt and the like, the types, time and quantity of plankton appearing in seawater are different, and the culture environments of different areas in the same sea area are different, so that the growth, quality and yield of shellfish can be influenced. Some water quality indexes of the environment of a culture area are changed frequently, such as the heavy metal content of some shellfish, the heavy metal content in the shellfish can meet the standard in the early stage of culture, after the shellfish is cultured for a period of time, the heavy metal is enriched in the shellfish body, and the heavy metal content in the shellfish body exceeds the standard, so that the culture environment needs to be changed in the shellfish culture, the shellfish product can meet the food safety requirement, and otherwise, the shellfish product cannot enter the market. In summer, red tide often occurs in some sea areas, if shellfish are still cultured in the culture environment, the shellfish can die in a large amount, or algae containing toxins are ingested, the shellfish carry the shellfish toxins, and people can die after eating the shellfish, so that the shellfish product is extremely harmful, and the shellfish product needs to be destroyed.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a shallow sea raft culture method suitable for healthy and efficient growth of shellfish, which always ensures that the cultured shellfish grows in a suitable water environment. The technical scheme is as follows: the method comprises five cultivation steps: the method comprises the steps of firstly, monitoring environmental data of a culture sea area, distributing points of the planned culture sea area, monitoring water quality environmental change conditions of all stations at different periods in a shellfish culture period, wherein the water quality environmental change conditions comprise water temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen and other water quality indexes and plankton content and other biological indexes, grasping the water quality change of the sea area at different periods in detail, providing data support for later shellfish culture, and selecting an optimal growth environment for shellfish culture as a raft culture point of shellfish; and in the second step of near-shore production in the earlier stage of cultivation, the water temperature in the near-shore sea area rises quickly before July, the water temperature and nutrient salt are higher than those in the deep-water sea area, the bait organisms are sufficient, the shellfish growth is suitable, and the near-shore sea area can be selected as a cultivation area in the earlier stage of cultivation. Because the stormy waves of the offshore area are small and the water level is shallow, the cage can be directly hung on the offshore production device, the spacing between the cages is large, the cage is prevented from being wound, the cage floats on the sea surface by virtue of the floating ball, and the lower part of the cage is fixed by an anchor; the third step is production in a deep water area far from the shore in the middle period of cultivation, seven to September, in the middle period of cultivation, a suspension cage is fixed on a valve rod and a lower layer valve rod, the suspension cage is small in interval and not wound, ocean current is large, water environment is good, a cultivation raft rod is transported to the deep water area and then is lifted up, a raft type cultivation area suitable for shellfish is selected according to the environment monitoring condition of the cultivation area, upper and lower ends of the cultivation cage are fixedly connected with raft rods and the lower layer valve rod in parallel, the raft rods and the lower layer valve rod are only required to be pulled out when the cage is dismounted, the cage is convenient to dismount, a floating ball floats on the sea surface, the lower layer valve rod is connected with a cable, the lower side of the lower layer valve rod is fixed by an anchor; fourthly, near-shore production in the later stage of cultivation is carried out, after September, the environment of the cultivation area is monitored, the water temperature and nutrient salt of the near-shore sea area are higher than those of the deep-water sea area, sufficient bait organisms exist, the water quality condition meets the requirement of shellfish growth, the cultivation cage is transferred to the near-shore for cultivation, the near-shore is slightly influenced due to large offshore wind in autumn, the cage can be directly hung on the raft rod, the spacing between the cages is large, winding is prevented, the raft rod floats on the sea surface by virtue of the floating ball, the lower side of the raft rod is fixed by anchoring, and the risk that cultivation facilities are washed down by storms is avoided as in the earlier stage; and fifthly, harvesting, namely pulling up the anchor at one end of the cable, and then taking up the cable, so that the cage is folded, and the operation is simple and the harvesting is convenient.

A cross rod and a vertical rod of the near-shore production device are spliced into a square by a corner plug, an iron anchor fixing ring is welded in the middle of the vertical rod, the iron anchor fixing ring fixes an iron anchor through a cable, a socket is prefabricated on the vertical rod at equal intervals, a valve rod is spliced on the socket, a floating fixing ring is welded on the cross rod at equal intervals, the floating fixing ring is connected with a floating body through a lifting rope, a plurality of clamping protrusions are welded and prefabricated on the cross rod and the valve rod at equal intervals, and the clamping protrusions are beneficial to fixing a culture cage through a rope; horizontal pole, montant and the pole setting of distant bank apparatus for producing are pegged graft into the tetragonal body by the triangle plug, and the solid fixed ring of iron anchor is not established to the montant on upper strata, and other are the same, and the solid fixed ring of iron anchor is established to the montant of lower floor, and the solid fixed ring of cursory is not established on the horizontal pole of the solid fixed ring of iron anchor through hawser fixed iron anchor lower floor, breeds the cage and hangs respectively on the card of valve rod and lower floor valve rod is protruding through last lower.

The valve rod and the lower layer valve rod are arranged into hardened plastic pipes, and the cross rod, the vertical rod and the vertical rod are arranged into metal rods.

The method is characterized in that raft culture is carried out in different sea areas from the near shore and the far shore to the near shore at each time period, the cultured shellfish is always ensured to grow in a proper water environment, and the water environment is regularly monitored by planning the distribution of culture sea areas, so that the quality and the yield of the shellfish are ensured.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the near shore production configuration of the present invention;

fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the far shore production configuration of the present invention.

Detailed Description

As shown in figures 1 and 2, the shallow sea raft culture method suitable for healthy and efficient growth of shellfish mainly comprises an iron anchor fixing ring 1, a buoy 2, a lifting rope 3, a clamping protrusion 4, a cross rod 5, a buoy fixing ring 6, a vertical rod 7, a mooring rope 8, an iron anchor 9, a culture cage 10, a rope sleeve 11, a valve rod 12, a lower layer valve rod 13 and a vertical rod 14. The method comprises the steps of firstly, monitoring environmental data of a culture sea area, distributing points of the planned culture sea area, monitoring water quality environmental change conditions of all stations at different periods in a shellfish culture period, wherein the water quality environmental change conditions comprise water temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen and other water quality indexes and plankton content and other biological indexes, grasping the water quality change of the sea area at different periods in detail, providing data support for later shellfish culture, and selecting an optimal growth environment for shellfish culture as a raft culture point of shellfish; and in the second step of near-shore production in the earlier stage of cultivation, the water temperature in the near-shore sea area rises quickly before July, the water temperature and nutrient salt are higher than those in the deep-water sea area, the bait organisms are sufficient, the shellfish growth is suitable, and the near-shore sea area can be selected as a cultivation area in the earlier stage of cultivation. Because the stormy waves of the offshore area are small and the water level is shallow, the cage can be directly hung on the offshore production device, the spacing between the cages is large, the cage is prevented from being wound, the cage floats on the sea surface by virtue of the floating ball, and the lower part of the cage is fixed by an anchor; the third step is production in a deep water area far from the shore in the middle period of cultivation, seven to September, the suspension cage is fixed on the valve rod 12 and the lower layer valve rod 13 in the middle period of cultivation, the suspension cage is small in interval and not wound, the ocean current is large, the water environment is good, the raft rod for cultivation is transported to the deep water area and then is lifted up, a raft type cultivation area suitable for shellfish is selected according to the environment monitoring condition of the cultivation area, the upper end and the lower end sleeve ropes 11 of the cultivation cage 10 are fixed and connected in parallel on the raft rod 12 and the lower layer valve rod 13, when the cage is dismounted, the raft rod 12 and the lower layer valve rod 13 are only needed to be pulled out, the cage is dismounted conveniently, the cage floats on the sea surface by virtue of the floating ball, the lower layer valve rod (13) is connected with the cable (8), the lower side is; fourthly, near-shore production in the later stage of cultivation, after September, by monitoring the environment of the cultivation area, the water temperature and nutrient salt of the near-shore sea area are higher than those of the deep-water sea area, the bait organisms are sufficient, the water quality condition meets the requirement of shellfish growth, the cultivation cage 10 is transferred to the near-shore for cultivation, the near-shore is slightly influenced due to large offshore wind in autumn, the raft rod 12 can be directly hung with a suspension cage, the suspension cage has large interval to prevent winding, the floating ball floats on the sea surface, the lower side of the raft rod is fixed by anchoring, the raft rod is the same as the earlier stage of cultivation, and the risk that cultivation facilities are washed down by wind waves is avoided; and fifthly, harvesting, namely pulling up the anchor at one end of the mooring rope (8), then retracting the mooring rope (8), and then collecting the suspension cage, so that the operation is simple and the harvesting is convenient. A cross rod 5 and a vertical rod 7 of the near-shore production device are spliced into a square by a corner plug, an iron anchor fixing ring 1 is welded in the middle of the vertical rod 7, an iron anchor 9 is fixed by the iron anchor fixing ring 1 through a cable 8, a socket is prefabricated on the vertical rod 7 at equal distance, a valve rod 12 is spliced in the socket, a floating fixing ring 6 is welded on the cross rod 5 at equal distance, the floating fixing ring 6 is connected with a floating body 2 through a lifting rope 3, a plurality of clamping bulges 4 are welded and prefabricated on the cross rod 5 and the valve rod 12 at equal distance, and the clamping bulges 4 are beneficial to fixing a culture cage 10 through a rope sleeve 11 on; horizontal pole 5, montant 7 and the pole setting 14 of distant bank apparatus for producing are pegged graft into the tetragonal body by the triangle plug, and the solid fixed ring of iron anchor 1 is not established to the montant 7 on upper strata, and other are the same, and the solid fixed ring of iron anchor 1 is established to the montant 7 on lower floor, and solid fixed ring 6 of cursory is not established on the horizontal pole 5 of the solid fixed ring of iron anchor 1 through 8 fixed iron anchors 9 lower floors of hawser, breeds cage 10 and hangs respectively on the card of valve rod 12 and lower floor valve rod 13 is protruding 4 through last lower rope sling. The valve rod 12 and the lower valve rod 13 are made of hardened plastic pipes, and the cross rod 5, the vertical rod 7 and the vertical rod 14 are made of metal rods.

Operation process

The shellfish culture area is located in a bay close to the offshore area, the storm wave is small, the seawater exchange capacity is poor, the influence of land source sewage discharge is large, the raft culture pile foundation of the shellfish is fixed, and the shellfish culture cage is tied on a pile cable, so that when the culture environment changes or is polluted, the shellfish culture cannot be avoided, the serious pollution often causes diseases, the quality and the yield of cultured shellfish are reduced, and the serious economic loss is caused to the production of farmers. Some water quality indexes of the environment of a culture area are changed frequently, such as the heavy metal content of some shellfish, the heavy metal content in the shellfish can meet the standard in the early stage of culture, after the shellfish is cultured for a period of time, the heavy metal is enriched in the shellfish body, and the heavy metal content in the shellfish body exceeds the standard, so that the culture environment needs to be changed in the shellfish culture, the shellfish product can meet the food safety requirement, and otherwise, the shellfish product cannot enter the market. In summer, red tide often occurs in some sea areas, if shellfish are still cultured in the culture environment, the shellfish can die in a large amount, or algae containing toxins are ingested, the shellfish carry the shellfish toxins, and people can die after eating the shellfish, so that the shellfish product is extremely harmful, and the shellfish product needs to be destroyed.

Example 1: the method comprises the steps of firstly, monitoring environmental data of a culture sea area, distributing points of the planned culture sea area, monitoring water quality environmental change conditions of all stations at different periods in a shellfish culture period, wherein the water quality environmental change conditions comprise water temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen and other water quality indexes and plankton content and other biological indexes, grasping the water quality change of the sea area at different periods in detail, providing data support for later shellfish culture, and selecting an optimal growth environment for shellfish culture as a raft culture point of shellfish; and in the second step of near-shore production in the earlier stage of cultivation, the water temperature in the near-shore sea area rises quickly before July, the water temperature and nutrient salt are higher than those in the deep-water sea area, the bait organisms are sufficient, the shellfish growth is suitable, and the near-shore sea area can be selected as a cultivation area in the earlier stage of cultivation. Because the stormy waves of the offshore area are small and the water level is shallow, the cage can be directly hung on the offshore production device, the spacing between the cages is large, the cage is prevented from being wound, the cage floats on the sea surface by virtue of the floating ball, and the lower part of the cage is fixed by an anchor; the third step is production in a deep water area far from the shore in the middle period of cultivation, seven to September, the suspension cage is fixed on the valve rod 12 and the lower layer valve rod 13 in the middle period of cultivation, the suspension cage is small in interval and not wound, ocean current is large, water environment is good, the raft rods for cultivation are transported to the deep water area and then are lifted up, a suitable raft type cultivation area for shellfish is selected according to the environment monitoring condition of the cultivation area, the upper end and the lower end sleeve ropes 11 of the cultivation cage 10 are fixed and connected in parallel on the valve rod 12 and the lower layer valve rod 13, the raft rod 12 and the lower layer valve rod 13 are only needed to be pulled out when the cage is dismounted, the cage is conveniently dismounted, the cage floats on the sea surface by virtue of the floating ball, the lower layer valve rod 13 is connected with the cable 8, the lower side of the cage; fourthly, near-shore production in the later stage of cultivation, after September, by monitoring the environment of the cultivation area, the water temperature and nutrient salt of the near-shore sea area are higher than those of the deep-water sea area, the bait organisms are sufficient, the water quality condition meets the requirement of shellfish growth, the cultivation cage 10 is transferred to the near-shore for cultivation, the near-shore is slightly influenced due to large offshore wind in autumn, the raft rod 12 can be directly hung with a suspension cage, the suspension cage has large interval to prevent winding, the floating ball floats on the sea surface, the lower side of the raft rod is fixed by anchoring, the raft rod is the same as the earlier stage of cultivation, and the risk that cultivation facilities are washed down by wind waves is avoided; and fifthly, harvesting, namely pulling up the anchor at one end of the mooring rope 8, and then retracting the mooring rope 8, so that the suspension cage is retracted, the operation is simple, and the harvesting is convenient.

Before the method is used, the quality of the shellfish can not be ensured and the yield is low. In the embodiment 1 of the invention, raft culture is carried out in different sea areas from the near shore and the far shore to the near shore at each time period, the cultured shellfish is always ensured to grow in a proper water environment, the water environment is monitored regularly by planning the distribution of the culture sea area, the culture area is changed when the water environment of the culture sea area is not suitable for shellfish culture, and the culture production is preferentially determined in different sea areas and different seasons in the culture period. The upper end and the lower end of the culture cage 10 are fixedly connected in parallel at sea, and the culture cage 10 can be fixed at sea by anchors, so that the transfer arrangement of the culture cage 10 far from the shore is completed, the implementation is convenient, the cultured shellfish can grow well and quickly all the time, the shellfish can mature in advance by one month, most of the shellfish quality is superior, and the shellfish yield is improved by 40%. Meanwhile, the culture method expands the space of the sea area far from the shore for raft culture, so that the sea areas near the shore and far from the shore are alternately used, the sea area near the shore is rested, and sustainable utilization is realized.

Claims

1. A shallow sea raft culture method suitable for healthy and efficient growth of shellfish is characterized in that: the cross rod (5) and the vertical rod (7) of the near-shore production device are spliced into a square by a corner plug, an iron anchor fixing ring (1) is welded in the middle of the vertical rod (7), an iron anchor (9) is fixed on the iron anchor fixing ring (1) through a cable (8), an equidistant prefabricated socket is arranged on the vertical rod (7), a raft rod (12) is spliced in the socket, a floating fixing ring (6) is welded on the cross rod (5) equidistantly, the floating fixing ring (6) is connected with a buoy (2) through a lifting rope (3), a plurality of clamping protrusions (4) are welded and prefabricated equidistantly on the cross rod (5) and the raft rod (12), and the clamping protrusions (4) are beneficial to fixing the breeding cage (10) through a rope sleeve (11) on the breeding cage (10); the cross rods (5), the vertical rods (7) and the vertical rods (14) of the far-shore production device are connected into a square body through triangular plugs in an inserted mode, the vertical rods (7) on the upper layer are not provided with iron anchor fixing rings (1), other things are the same, the vertical rods (7) on the lower layer are provided with the iron anchor fixing rings (1), the iron anchor fixing rings (1) fix iron anchors (9) through cables (8), the cross rods (5) on the lower layer are not provided with floating fixing rings (6), and the breeding cage (10) is hung on clamping bulges (4) of raft rods (12) and raft rods (13) on the lower layer through upper and lower rope sleeves (11); the culture method comprises five steps: the method comprises the steps of firstly, monitoring environmental data of a culture sea area, distributing points of the planned culture sea area, monitoring water quality environmental change conditions of all stations at different periods in a shellfish culture period, wherein the water quality environmental change conditions comprise water temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen and other water quality indexes and plankton content and other biological indexes, grasping the water quality change of the sea area at different periods in detail, providing data support for later shellfish culture, and selecting an optimal growth environment for shellfish culture as a raft culture point of shellfish; in the second step of near-shore production in the earlier stage of cultivation, the water temperature in the near-shore sea area rises quickly before July, the water temperature and nutrient salt are higher than those in the deep-water sea area, the bait organisms are sufficient and are suitable for the growth of shellfish, the near-shore sea area can be selected as a cultivation area in the earlier stage of cultivation, and because the wind waves in the near-shore sea area are small and the water level is shallow, a suspension cage can be directly hung on a near-shore production device, the spacing of the suspension cage is large, the suspension cage is prevented from winding, floats on the sea surface by virtue of; the third step, production in a deep water area far from the shore in the middle period of cultivation, seven to nine months, wherein in the middle period of cultivation, suspension cages are fixed on raft rods (12) and lower raft rods (13), the suspension cages are small in interval and not wound, ocean current is large, water environment is good, the raft rods for cultivation are transported to the deep water area and then are lifted up, a suitable shellfish raft type cultivation area is selected according to the environment monitoring condition of the cultivation area, rope sleeves (11) at the upper end and the lower end of the cultivation cage (10) are fixed and connected in parallel on the raft rods (12) and the lower raft rods (13), when the cages are unloaded, the raft rods (12) and the lower raft rods (13) are only needed to be pulled out, the cages are convenient to unload, the lower raft rods (13) are connected with cables (8) by floating balls, the anchors are fixed below, the raft rods (12) are placed along the ocean current, and the influence of wind waves on the raft rods; fourthly, near-shore production in the later stage of cultivation is carried out, after September, the environment of the cultivation area is monitored, the water temperature and nutrient salt of the near-shore sea area are higher than those of the deep-water sea area, sufficient bait organisms exist, the water quality condition meets the requirement of shellfish growth, the cultivation cage (10) is transferred to the near-shore for cultivation, the near-shore is affected little due to large wind on the sea in autumn, the raft rod (12) can be directly hung with a suspension cage, the suspension cage is large in interval and prevented from being wound, the floating ball floats on the sea surface, the lower side of the suspension cage is fixed by anchoring, the same as the earlier stage of cultivation, and the risk that cultivation facilities are washed down by wind waves; and fifthly, harvesting, namely pulling up the anchor at one end of the mooring rope (8), and then retracting the mooring rope (8), so that the cage is retracted, the operation is simple, and the harvesting is convenient.

2. The shallow sea raft culture method suitable for healthy and efficient growth of shellfish according to claim 1, characterized by: the raft rods (12) and the lower raft rods (13) are made of hardened plastic pipes, and the cross rods (5), the vertical rods (7) and the vertical rods (14) are made of metal rods.