CN102499053A - Kelp deep-water composite space culture facility and method - Google Patents

Abstract

A deep-water composite space cultivation facility for giant algae, the device is composed of two parts: a surface raft culture device and a middle vertical culture device; the surface raft culture device and the middle vertical culture device are connected by a connecting rope between the upper and lower buoys, One end of the rope is fixedly connected to the buoy of the middle vertical device, and the other end is fixedly connected to the buoy of the surface raft culture device through the middle channel of the float on the surface raft culture device. The connecting rope is on the buoy and has At one end, the shellfish is suspended on the floating raft, and the floating raft on the surface raft culture device can be rotated so that the connecting rope can be wound on the floating raft. Using the facilities of the present invention and the method of the present invention to cultivate macroalgae and shellfish in the deep sea area at the same time can greatly adjust the culture water layer according to the changes of seasons and water body parameters, prolong the growth cycle, and obtain higher economic benefits. Algae farming is of great significance to improve the ecological environment of coastal waters.

Description

Facility and method for macroalgae deep water composite space cultivation

Technical field:

The invention relates to aquaculture equipment, in particular to a giant algae deep-water composite space culture facility and a culture method thereof.

Background technique:

Macroalgae resources are of great significance in ecological environment, chemical industry, energy, food, medicine and other aspects. The basic biological research, seedling cultivation and multiplication technology of macroalgae have received more and more attention. The research on macroalgae breeding technology will play an important role in enriching my country's marine aquatic resources, improving the marine environment, developing my country's seawater breeding and aquaculture, and even promoting the entire aquaculture industry.

There is no macroalgae distribution in my country. In 1978, the Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences successfully introduced a macroalgae (Macrocystis pyrifera) larvae and gametophytes from Mexico by means of low-temperature water transportation. Through the research on the biology of giant algae cultivation, combined with the characteristics of my country's sea conditions, researchers have established a system of artificial cultivation and cultivation technology of giant algae, and the cultivation of summer seedlings has reached a certain number. The main problem facing my country's macroalgae cultivation technology is the limitation of sea areas. First, there are few low-temperature waters. Second, the offshore sea areas where macroalgae can be cultured have been occupied by other species, and there is no room for development. Because macroalgae are sensitive to light, it is necessary to adjust the water layer in a timely manner during the cultivation process, so it is difficult to cultivate macroalgae in the deep sea. At present, the technology of macroalgae cultivation in deep sea is still blank.

Invention content:

The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a giant algae deep-water compound space cultivation facility and a method for cultivating by using the device, so as to solve the problem that the current giant algae cultivation is limited by environmental conditions in China's coastal waters.

The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:

A deep-water composite space cultivation facility for macroalgae, the device is composed of two parts: a surface layer raft type cultivation device and a middle layer vertical cultivation device;

The surface raft culture device includes a float, a float and a suspension rope, the float has a through hole, and the suspension rope is vertically fixedly connected to the float;

The vertical cultivation device in the middle layer comprises: a floating rope, a hanging rope, a seedling rope, a falling rock and an underwater fixing device, one end of the hanging rope is tied to the floating rope, the other end is connected to the seedling rope, and the other end of the seedling rope is tied to a falling stone. The buoy is fixed on the seabed by underwater fixtures;

The surface raft culture device and the middle vertical culture device are connected by a connecting rope between the upper and lower buoys. One end of the connection rope is fixedly connected to the buoy of the middle vertical device, and the other end passes through the center of the float on the surface raft culture device. The through hole is fixedly connected to the floating raft of the surface raft culture device, the connecting rope is on the floating raft and has a surplus end, 10-30 floats are fixedly connected in a row through the floating raft, the shellfish is suspended on the floating raft, and the surface raft is rotated The floating rope on the type culture device can make the connecting rope wound on the floating rope, thereby adjusting the depth in the seawater where the vertical culture device in the middle layer is located. The length of the sling can be adjusted.

Scallops or abalones can be raised on the slings of the surface raft culture device.

The underwater fixing device includes: a cable, a heavy anchor, a force-reducing device and a falling stone. One end of the cable is tied to the buoy of the vertical culture device in the middle layer, and the other end is tied to the heavy anchor. The heavy anchor is fixed on the seabed by piling. There is a force-reducing device on the top.

The said buoy, connecting rope and sling are synthetic polyethylene ropes, and the seedling ropes are red palm ropes.

The buoy can be a floating ball, a floating bucket or other shapes.

A method for cultivating macroalgae deep-water composite space by using the above-mentioned cultivation facility, where shellfish are cultivated on the surface raft culture device of the macroalgae deep-water composite space cultivation facility, and giant algae are cultivated on the middle layer vertical culture device, and the surface layer is rotated according to the temperature change of seawater The buoy of the raft culture device makes the connecting rope wound on the buoy to adjust the depth of the vertical culture device in the middle layer. Suspension rope on layer raft farming device.

Further, during the cultivation process, the seedling ropes on the vertical cultivation device in the middle layer are controlled at 10-21 meters underwater.

The beneficial effect of the present invention compared with prior art:

(1) The seedling survival rate is high. Since the breeding is carried out in the deep sea, there are fewer pollutants, diseases and insect pests, and the seawater is clear and transparent, so that the seedlings have a healthy living environment, so the survival rate of the seedlings after entering the sea is 20-30% higher than that of ordinary methods;

(2) The biomass per unit area is large. Due to the high survival rate of seedlings, the water body per unit area makes full use of space, overcomes the disadvantages of using surface water in traditional methods, and increases the biomass of water area per unit area by more than 50%;

(3) It is less affected by wind and waves, greatly reducing the risk of breeding. Although the breeding rafts are set in relatively deep waters, since the main body of the breeding facilities and macroalgae are placed at a certain depth underwater, the influence of wind and waves can be effectively avoided, which greatly reduces the risk of breeding and can avoid waves and storms to a certain extent;

(4) Based on deep water aquaculture, effectively expand the aquaculture waters. The waters that can be used for aquaculture in my country's coastal waters (within a water depth of 20 meters) have all been exhausted. The present invention effectively expands the traditional sea aquaculture waters, expanding the aquaculture sea area beyond 20-30 meters;

(5) The breeding cost is low. Although it is cultured in deep waters, it does not need expensive anti-wind and wave facilities, because low-water culture effectively avoids the potential danger of wind and waves, which effectively reduces the cost of breeding;

(6) Easy to operate. The present invention connects 10-30 floating balls into a row, and can simultaneously adjust the water level of the cultured giant algae below the row of floating balls by rotating the floating paddles on the surface raft culture facility, and the adjustment range is 10 meters. about;

(7) High economic benefit. According to the changes of parameters such as seawater nutrients, water flow and transparency in different seasons, the present invention can adjust the water layer through manual operation, thereby changing the water level of algae culture, so that the giant algae is always in the best growth water layer, and accelerates the growth of algae. While greatly increasing the output, the quality of the product is improved and the economic benefit is increased. The experimental results show that the fresh weight of macroalgae per hectare is 100-120 tons, and the economic value is 90,000-120,000 yuan, which is more than 1.5 times that of kelp culture. In addition, the sea treasures with a certain density on the surface raft culture can be more significantly improved. The economic benefits per unit of breeding area.

Description of drawings:

Fig. 1 The mode diagram of macroalgae deep-water compound space cultivation technology: 1. The floating pad on the surface raft culture device; 1', the floating pad on the middle vertical culture device; 2. Floating ball; 3. The floating pad on the surface raft culture device Suspension rope; 3', the suspension rope on the vertical cultivation device of the middle layer; 4, seedling rope; 5, cable rope; 6, force stilling device; 7, heavy anchor; The remaining end on the float of the surface raft culture device.

Figure 2: Floating ball: 9. The center passage of the floating ball.

Figure 3: The connecting rope passes through the middle channel of the floating ball and is connected to the floating rope: 1. The floating rope on the surface raft culture device; 10. The connecting rope; 11. The connecting rope on the floating rope of the surface raft culture device Yu Duan.

Detailed ways:

The technical solution of the present invention will be further explained below in conjunction with the examples.

A deep-water composite space cultivation facility for macroalgae, the device is composed of two parts: a surface layer raft type cultivation device and a middle layer vertical cultivation device;

The surface raft culture device includes a floating rope 1, a float 2 and a suspension rope 3, the float has a middle passage 9, and the suspension rope 3 is vertically fixedly connected to the floating rope 1;

The middle layer vertical cultivation device includes: floating rope 1', hanging rope 3', seedling rope 4, falling stone 8 and underwater fixing device, one end of hanging rope 3' is tied to floating rope 1', and the other end is connected to seedling rope 4. The other end of the seedling rope is tied with a falling stone 8, and the floating rope 1' is fixed on the seabed through an underwater fixing device;

The surface raft culture device and the middle vertical culture device are connected by a connecting rope 10 between the upper and lower buoys. One end of the connection rope 10 is fixedly connected to the buoy 1' of the middle vertical device, and the other end passes through the surface raft culture device. The middle channel 9 of the upper float is fixedly connected to the floating rope 1 of the surface raft culture device, and the connecting rope is on the floating rope 1 and has a surplus end 11. Fixedly connected in a row, the floating rope 1 is suspended to raise shellfish, and the floating rope 1 on the surface raft culture device can be rotated so that the connecting rope 10 can be wound on the floating rope 1, thereby adjusting the depth in the seawater where the middle vertical culture device is located. Tie up connecting rope and prevent the floating rope 1 of winding connecting rope from rotating reversely, and a floating rope 1 only fixes two ends or both ends and middle surplus end 11 and gets final product, and the suspension rope length of hanging shellfish can be adjusted.

Scallops or abalones can be raised on the slings of the surface raft culture device.

The underwater fixing device includes: a cable 5, a heavy anchor 7, a force-reducing device 6 and a falling stone 8. One end of the cable 5 is tied to the buoy 1′ of the vertical culture device in the middle layer, and the other end is tied to the heavy anchor 7. The anchor 7 is fixed on the seabed by piling, and the cable 5 is tied with a force-reducing device 6 .

The said buoy, connecting rope and sling are synthetic polyethylene ropes, and the seedling ropes are red palm ropes.

The buoy can be a floating ball, a floating bucket or other shapes.

A method for cultivating macroalgae deep-water composite space by using the above-mentioned cultivation facility, where shellfish are cultivated on the surface raft culture device of the macroalgae deep-water composite space cultivation facility, and giant algae are cultivated on the middle layer vertical culture device, and the surface layer is rotated according to the temperature change of seawater The floating rope of the raft type cultivation device makes the connecting rope wind up on the floating rope, thereby adjusting the depth of the vertical cultivation device in the middle layer. Hold the buoy 1 that connects the rope and prevents from winding the connection rope from rotating reversely. Generally, only the two ends or the two ends and the middle are fixed, and the length of the suspension rope can be adjusted according to the needs of shellfish farming.

Example 1

The experiment period was from October 23, 2010 to July 30, 2011. The test site is the sea area of Li Island, Rongcheng City. The water depth of the breeding sea area is 25m, the transparency is 10m, the maximum flow rate is 50cm/s, no industrial and domestic sewage is injected, the annual surface water temperature ranges from 3 to 23°C, the salinity is 28.5 to 32.1, and pH=7.01 to 9.74, which belongs to the national fishery water quality standard ( I) category. Utilize above-mentioned giant algae deep-water compound space cultivation facility and method to cultivate, as shown in Figure 1, surface layer raft type culture device and middle layer vertical culture device are respectively provided with 50 rows of floats, and the distance between row and row is 4m, and each row is 10 A plastic floating ball 2, the floating ball spacing is 3-5m, and the floating ball 2 has a through hole 9, as shown in Figure 2, the long 5-7m of the hanging rope on the surface layer raft type cultivation device, the scallop that hangs and raises in Adjustment at 3-4m underwater, the middle layer vertical culture device is fixed on the seabed through a cable connection with heavy anchor piling, the cable is tied with a force-reducing device, one end of the suspension rope 3′ on the middle layer vertical culture device is fixedly connected to the floating rope 1′, and the other end Connect the seedling rope 4, the length of the seedling rope is 10 meters, and the distance between the seedling ropes is 8 meters. The seedling rope is clamped with giant algae, and the floating rope 1 telescopic connection rope on the surface culture device is often rotated by manpower so that the macroalgae is always at the highest point of cultivation. A good water layer promotes the growth of giant algae. The remaining end 11 is tied to the connecting rope 10 to prevent the floating rope 1 from winding the connecting rope from rotating in reverse. Only the remaining ends 11 at both ends can be fixed. The length of the sling is to meet the growth environment of scallops. According to the growth needs of macroalgae and seasonal transparency changes, the depth of the seedling rope is usually controlled between 10-21 meters underwater, of which the depth is between 15-21 meters in summer and 10-19 meters in winter.

According to statistics on March 22, 2011, the survival rate of giant algae cultured seedlings was 85.78%, and the output per hectare reached 120.32 tons; the survival rate of hanging scallops was 83.45%, which was 15.66% higher than that in the control area (no algae culture), and the single cage yield Increased by more than 34% compared with the control.

In the present invention, the buoy, connecting rope and suspension rope are synthetic polyethylene ropes, and the seedling ropes are red palm ropes; the stilling devices are building stones.

Example 2

The experiment period was from October 24, 2010 to July 30, 2011. The test site is the sea area of Zhangzi Island, Dalian. The water depth of the breeding sea area is 30m, the transparency is 11m, the maximum flow rate is 55cm/s, no industrial and domestic sewage is injected, the annual surface water temperature ranges from -1.0 to 24°C, the salinity is 29.5 to 33, and the pH is 7.30 to 8.30. It belongs to the national fishery water quality standard (I) class. The culture method adopts the above-mentioned giant algae deep-water composite space culture technology. The surface raft culture device and the middle vertical culture device are each equipped with 100 rows of floating pads. The distance between rows is 3.5m. Each row has 30 plastic floating buckets. The distance between the barrels is 3-5m, the floating barrel has a central passage, the sling 3 on the surface raft culture device is 5-7m long, so that the abalone can be adjusted at 3-4m underwater, and the middle vertical culture device is connected by a cable Heavy anchor piling is fixed on the bottom of the sea, and there is a force-reducing device on the cable. The vertical cultivation device in the middle layer is connected to the seedling rope 4 through the hanging rope 3′. The length of the seedling rope is 8 meters, and the distance between the seedling ropes 4 is 7 meters. For giant algae, the floating rope 1 telescopic connecting rope 10 on the surface cultivation device is frequently rotated by manpower so that the giant algae is always in the best water layer for cultivation and promotes the growth of the giant algae. The floating rope 1 on the raft culture device, three people turn towards the same direction, so that the connecting rope is wound on the floating rope, when the seedling rope is adjusted to a certain depth, tie the connecting rope 10 with the remaining end 11 to prevent the floating rope from winding the connecting rope 1. Rotate in reverse, only fix the remaining end 11 in the two ends and the middle, and adjust the length of the suspension rope on the surface raft culture device as required to meet the growth environment of abalone. According to the growth needs of macroalgae and seasonal transparency changes, the depth of the seedling rope is usually controlled between 10-21 meters underwater, of which the depth is between 15-21 meters in summer and 10-19 meters in winter.

According to statistics on March 22, 2011, the survival rate of macroalgae cultured seedlings was 87.6%, and the output per hectare reached 125.45 tons; the survival rate of hanging abalone was 80.45%, which was 20.16% higher than that of the control area (no algae culture). 35% more than the control.

The buoy, connecting rope and hanging rope in the present invention are synthetic polyethylene ropes, and the seedling ropes are red palm ropes; the stilling devices are cement stones.

The above only enumerates several preferred embodiments, and is not intended to limit the present invention in any form. Any skilled person who is familiar with this field may use the disclosed technical content to change or transform into an equivalent embodiment with equivalent changes, but Any simple modifications, equivalent changes and modifications made to the above embodiments according to the technical essence of the present invention without departing from the content of the technical solution of the present invention still belong to the protection scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims (7)

1. bulk kelp deep water composite space cultivation facility, this device is made up of the vertical cultivator two parts with the middle level of top layer raft culture device;

Described top layer raft culture device comprises floating well rope (1), float (2) and lifting rope (3), and float has through hole road (9) in one, and lifting rope (3) vertical fixing is connected on the floating well rope (1);

The vertical cultivator in described middle level comprises: floating well rope (1 '), lifting rope (3 '), seedling rope (4), dropstone (8) and fixture under water; Lifting rope (3 ') end ties up on the floating well rope (1 '); The other end connects seedling rope (4); The other end of seedling rope is fastened dropstone (8), and floating well rope (1 ') is fixed on the seabed through fixture under water;

The vertical cultivator in top layer raft culture device and middle level is through connection cord (10) connection between the two floating well ropes up and down; One end of connection cord (10) is fixedly connected on the floating well rope (1 ') of middle level vertical means; The middle through hole road (9) that the other end passes float on the top layer raft culture device is fixedly connected on the floating well rope (1) of top layer raft culture device; Connection cord is end (11) on floating well rope (1) and surplus having one, and 10-30 ball float is fixedly connected into a row through floating well rope (1), and floating well rope (1) is hung oneself and supported shellfish; The floating well rope (1) that rotates on the top layer raft culture device can make connection cord (10) be wrapped on the floating well rope (1); Thereby regulate the degree of depth in the seawater of vertical cultivator place, middle level, surplus end hitches connection cord prevent to be intertwined and connected floating well rope (1) backward rotation of rope, hangs the lifting rope length of supporting shellfish and can regulate.

2. a kind of bulk kelp deep water composite space cultivation facility according to claim 1 is characterized in that can hanging on the lifting rope of described top layer raft culture device and supports scallop or abalone.

3. a kind of bulk kelp deep water composite space cultivation facility according to claim 1 and 2; It is characterized in that described fixture under water comprises: hawser (5), weight anchor (7), the power apparatus that disappears (6) and dropstone (8); Hawser (5) one ends tie up to the floating well rope (1 ') of the vertical cultivator in middle level; The other end ties up on the weight anchor (7), and weight anchor (7) is fixed on the seabed through piling, and hawser (5) is gone up system has the power apparatus of disappearing (6).

4. a kind of bulk kelp deep water composite space cultivation facility according to claim 1 is characterized in that described floating well rope, connection cord and lifting rope for closing polyethylene rope, and the seedling rope is reddish brown rope.

5. a kind of bulk kelp deep water composite space cultivation facility according to claim 4 is characterized in that described float can be ball float, keg float or other shape.

6. method of utilizing the described breeding facility of claim 1 to carry out bulk kelp deep water composite space cultivation; It is characterized in that cultivated shellfish on the top layer raft culture device of bulk kelp deep water composite space cultivation facility; The vertical cultivator in middle level is cultured bulk kelp; And connection cord is wrapped on the floating well rope according to the floating well rope that the variations in temperature of seawater is rotated top layer raft culture device; Thereby regulate the degree of depth of the vertical cultivator in middle level, surplus end hitches connection cord prevent to be intertwined and connected floating well rope (1) backward rotation of rope, regulates lifting rope length according to the needs of shellfish culture simultaneously.

7. method according to claim 6 is characterized in that in the bulk kelp breeding process, and the seedling rope on the vertical cultivator in middle level is controlled at 10～21 meters under water.

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