CN101103709A - Method for breeding double white shell Japanese scallop - Google Patents
Method for breeding double white shell Japanese scallop Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a double white shells patinopecten yessoensis cultivation method. The patinopecten yessoensis individual, in which the upper shell whitening region area is more than 30% and the gonad development is plump, is firstly selected as a parent scallop. In the particular conditions such as density, temperature and so on, the accelerated ripening, the induced spawning, the artificial insemination, the hatching, the cultivation, the attachment seedling collection, the ex-storage, the intermediate seedling protection and growth, as well as the mariculture are implemented, so that the patinopecten yessoensis in which the whitening area is increased further is cultivated. Moreover the patinopecten yessoensis obtained is taken as a parent scallop to repeat the above steps. The steps are repeated for several times until a scallop seedling in which the upper and lower shells colours are entire pure white is obtained. The double white shells patinopecten yessoensis not only has the bright colour, at the same time the stress resistance enhancement is in favour of the inhibition of disease occurrence, and the perforation of parasites and other microorganisms can be reduced. With a nice appearance, the scallop is well received among consumers, and with the heat-resisting ability, the scallop can tolerant the high temperature up to 25 DEG C. With a low mortality rate which is less than 10%, the growth rate of the scallop is stronger than the general patinopecten yessoensis. Therefore, the economic benefits of farmers can be effectively increased.
Description
Technical field:
The present invention relates to a kind of breeding method of Patinopecten yessoensis, especially a kind of breeding method of double white shell Japanese scallop.
Background technology:
Patinopecten yessoensis (Patinopecten yessoensis Jay) belongs to Mollusca (Mollusca), lamellibranchiata (Lamellibranchia), Pectenidae (Pectinidae) shellfish, belonging to the cold water marine shellfish, is most important economic one of kind of culturing in the Pectenidae kind.Be distributed in mainly that the Russian Far East is coastal, the birch of Thousand Islands, Japan too, the ground such as Japanese marine site of Hokkaido, this north, continent and NORTHERN KOREA.
The Patinopecten yessoensis natural distribution depth of water 6~60m, substrate is a gravel, 5~20 ℃ of growth comfort zones, gonochorism has the only a few hermaphroditism, cross fertilization, breeding season female reproduction gland is a salmon pink, male is milky.Age at sexual maturity was generally for 2 ages, and China Huanghai Sea and Bohai Sea is generally by the end of March to mid-April breeding, cultured the marine sites such as Yantai, Weihai in the Daliang City that mainly concentrates on Liaoning, Shandong.Propagate 17~23 months artificially, individual average shell length can reach 10cm, and live body weighs 100~150g, the high 20cm that surpasses of maximum shell, and body weight can reach 450g, Patinopecten yessoensis meat exquisiteness, the meat flavour deliciousness is of high nutritive value, and the dried scallop that its closed shell flesh is made is one of marine products eight delicacies.
Patinopecten yessoensis originates in Japan, and shell is fan-shaped, and right shell is more outstanding, is yellow-white or milky, below being positioned at during life; Left side shell is flat slightly, and is slightly littler than right shell, is lividus, is upper casing, and the phenomenon of partial shell albefaction appears in the only a few upper casing because of genetic mutation.The brown shell is subject to microorganisms such as parasite and gives a farfetched interpretation, and image appearance is not attractive in appearance, has directly influenced the economic benefit of the sales volume and the breeding enterprise of product.
Summary of the invention:
The present invention is in order to solve existing in prior technology the problems referred to above, a kind of two-sided breeding method that is the double white shell Japanese scallop of white to be provided.
Technology of the present invention and solution are: a kind of breeding method of double white shell Japanese scallop has the following steps:
A. choose upper casing albefaction region area more than 30% and the full Patinopecten yessoensis individuality of gonad development as close shellfish, be 15~18/m with density
3Carry out temporarily supporting, full dose is changed water 1~2 time every day during supporting temporarily; Described supporting temporarily is: store up in 1~3 ℃ of water temperature and stablize 2~3 days, day intensification is 0.3~0.5 ℃ then, stablizes when water temperature is raised to 4~5 ℃ 3~4 days, divide hero, dam shellfish pool cultivated, day intensification is 0.3~0.5 ℃ again, and constant temperature was cultivated to sexual maturity when water temperature was raised to 6~7 ℃, waited to produce;
B. when a small amount of close shellfish is discharged, continue the constant temperature breed again and carried out artificial induced spawning in 3~5 days, described induced spawning method is: earlier close shellfish is washed down, dried in the shade 0.5 hour, put into then than the high 2 ℃ water of former pond water temperature, when treating that the parent discharges in a large number, collect sperm and ovum respectively;
C. get sperm and ovum and carry out artificial insemination, the sperm consumption is that 2~3 sperms are arranged around the ovum;
D. fertilized egg is hatched, 30~50/ml of hatching density, 11~12 ℃ of water temperatures of hatching, the pond was stirred once in 1 hour in every interval, hatch to development of fertilized ova be D type larva;
E. after D type larva all floats, select cultivation with 260 mesh sieve thin,tough silk, 8~9/ml of cloth pond density, cultivation pond water temperature is consistent with the hatchery water temperature, throws open-mouthed bait 6000--10000cell/ml chrysophyceae, increases bait later on gradually, day bait throwing in 4 times; Change water every day 2 times, change water 1/2~2/3 at every turn, fell the pond once, cultivate to larva and eyespot occurs every 4~5 days;
F. the cultivation density with larva is adjusted into 6~7/ml, and cultivating temperature is to heat up 0.4~0.6 ℃ every day, rise to 16 ℃ after constant temperature culture;
G. when eyespot appears in 30%~40% larva, throw in adherance and adhere to for larva, during every day change water 2 times, change water more than 70% at every turn, after this increase daily ration, feeding quantity to 5 ten thousand/ml, day change water 3 times, each 1/2-2/3;
H. after throwing adherance, when continuing to cultivate, be hung on buoyant raft with 60 order mesh bags or interior mesh bag 40 orders, outer mesh bag 60 purpose Double-level Reticulated bagged seedlings and carry out breeding in the middle of the sea, the indoor culture water temperature should be reduced to gradually consistent before the outbound with ocean temperature to the high 600 μ m of juvenile mollusk shell; When juvenile mollusk shell during, assign in the 30 order mesh bags up to 0.2~0.3cm;
I. when juvenile mollusk shell height is 0.5cm, the juvenile mollusk of same mesh bag is assigned to evacuation density cultivation in the different mesh bags, when young shell height is 3.5~4.0cm, young shellfish is put into cylinder mould culture or sow bottom culture;
J. when the scallop gonad development is full, choose its big scallop individuality in mesochite look albefaction zone, and repeat repeatedly a step support temporarily and b~i step is bred cultivation, until obtaining all pure white kind shellfishes of upper and lower shell color.
The present invention does not need to import foreign gene by complex technologys such as transgenosiss, under to biological and the preceding topic of Environmental security without any influence, all pure white kind shellfishes of upper and lower shell color promptly are provided, and the offspring who breeds with this kind shellfish goes up the double white shell Japanese scallop that lower house is white.This double white shell Japanese scallop not only has the shell look of light, fast growth, resistance are strengthened simultaneously, help suppressing the generation of disease, can reduce microorganisms such as parasite and give a farfetched interpretation, good looking appearance is well received by consumers, heat-resisting ability is strong, can tolerate 25 ℃ of high temperature, lethality low (being lower than 10%) has increased raiser's economic benefit effectively.
Embodiment:
A. choose in the wild or cultured population upper casing albefaction region area more than 30% and the full Patinopecten yessoensis individuality of gonad development as close shellfish, be white as growing up to the shell district in one four scallop its 3rd age in age, the 4th age, grow up to the shell district preceding two ages is lividus, albefaction zone more than 30% is arranged on the perhaps fan-shaped shell, but, be 15~18/m with density not according to the line differentiation etc. of growing
3Carry out temporarily supporting, full dose is changed water 1~2 time every day during supporting temporarily; Described supporting temporarily is: store up in 1~3 ℃ of water temperature and stablize 2~3 days, day intensification is 0.3~0.5 ℃ then, stablizes when water temperature is raised to 4~5 ℃ 3~4 days, divide hero, dam shellfish pool cultivated, day intensification is 0.3~0.5 ℃ again, and constant temperature was cultivated to sexual maturity when water temperature was raised to 6~7 ℃, waited to produce;
About 1 ℃ close shellfish that goes into the pond of general nature water temperature is supported temporarily and can reach sexual maturity in 20~30 days, the shellfish of checkmating when changing water sort out and the Ex-all pond at the bottom of dirt; The capacity of throwing something and feeding unit cell algae based on little diatom, is aided with spirulina powder, mouse tail algae grinds liquid, yeast, yolk, starch etc. and substitutes bait; And trace inflation.
B. when normally changing after water or the discovery of falling the pond have a small amount of close shellfish discharging, continue the constant temperature breed and carried out artificial induced spawning in 3~5 days, described induced spawning method is: earlier close shellfish is washed down, dried in the shade 0.5 hour, put into then than the high 2 ℃ water of former pond water temperature, when treating that the parent discharges in a large number, collect sperm and ovum respectively;
C. extracting extract (sperm) carries out artificial insemination with ovum, and the sperm consumption is to have 2~3 sperms to get final product around ovum of microscopic examination;
D. fertilized egg is hatched, 30~50/ml of hatching density, 11~12 ℃ of water temperatures of hatching, every interval 1h stirs the pond once, hatch to development of fertilized ova be D type larva;
E. after D type larva all floats, select cultivation with 260 mesh sieve thin,tough silk, 8~9/ml of cloth pond density, cultivation pond water temperature is consistent with the hatchery water temperature, throws open-mouthed bait 6000--10000cell/ml chrysophyceae, increases bait later on gradually, day bait throwing in 4 times; Change water every day 2 times, change water 1/2~2/3 at every turn, fell the pond once, cultivate to larva and eyespot occurs every 4~5 days;
F. the cultivation density of adjusting larva is 6~7/ml, and cultivating temperature is to heat up 0.4~0.6 ℃ every day, rise to 16 ℃ after constant temperature culture, solve Patinopecten yessoensis high temperature and cross the high problem of summer lethality;
G. through about 17~19 days cultivation, the young just can finish its swim the life and metamorphosis is adhered to, when eyespot appears in the larva when 30~40%, throw in adherance for the larva settlement and metamorphosis, change water during this time every day 2 times, change water more than 70% at every turn, after this increase daily ration, feeding quantity to 5 ten thousand/ml, day is changed water 3 times, each 1/2~2/3;
H. after throwing adherance, outbound when continuing to cultivate to the high 600 μ m of juvenile mollusk shell is bred in the middle of being hung on buoyant raft with 60 order mesh bags or interior mesh bag 40 orders, outer mesh bag 60 purpose Double-level Reticulated bagged seedlings, indoor water temperature should be reduced to gradually consistent with ocean temperature before the outbound; When juvenile mollusk shell during, assign in the 30 order mesh bags up to 0.2~0.3cm;
I. through after breeding in the middle of 20~25 days, when the juvenile mollusk shell is high when be 0.5cm, the juvenile mollusk of same mesh bag is assigned to evacuate density in the different mesh bags and cultivate, when young shell height is 3.5~4.0cm, young shellfish is put into the cylinder mould breed or sows bottom culture;
J. when the scallop gonad development is full, choose the many scallop position parents of its mesochite look albefaction, and repeat repeatedly a step support temporarily and b~i step is bred cultivation, repeats 3~5 times, can obtain the whole pure white kind shellfishes of upper and lower shell color.
, and, breed, culture as close shellfish with all pure white kind shellfishes of resulting upper and lower shell color, can obtain the whole pure white Patinopecten yessoensis of upper and lower shell color with the method for b~i from the supporting temporarily of a step.
Claims (1)
1. the breeding method of a double white shell Japanese scallop has the following steps:
A. choose upper casing albefaction region area more than 30% and the full Patinopecten yessoensis individuality of gonad development as close shellfish, be 15~18/m with density
3Carry out temporarily supporting, full dose is changed water 1~2 time every day during supporting temporarily; Described supporting temporarily is: store up in 1~3 ℃ of water temperature and stablize 2~3 days, day intensification is 0.3~0.5 ℃ then, stablizes when water temperature is raised to 4~5 ℃ 3~4 days, divide hero, dam shellfish pool cultivated, day intensification is 0.3~0.5 ℃ again, and constant temperature was cultivated to sexual maturity when water temperature was raised to 6~7 ℃, waited to produce;
B. when a small amount of close shellfish is discharged, continue the constant temperature breed again and carried out artificial induced spawning in 3~5 days, described induced spawning method is: earlier close shellfish is washed down, dried in the shade 0.5 hour, put into then than the high 2 ℃ water of former pond water temperature, when treating that the parent discharges in a large number, collect sperm and ovum respectively;
C. get sperm and ovum and carry out artificial insemination, the sperm consumption is that 2~3 sperms are arranged around the ovum;
D. fertilized egg is hatched, 30~50/ml of hatching density, 11~12 ℃ of water temperatures of hatching, the pond was stirred once in 1 hour in every interval, hatch to development of fertilized ova be D type larva;
E. after D type larva all floats, select cultivation with 260 mesh sieve thin,tough silk, 8~9/ml of cloth pond density, cultivation pond water temperature is consistent with the hatchery water temperature, throws open-mouthed bait 6000--10000cell/ml chrysophyceae, increases bait later on gradually, day bait throwing in 4 times; Change water every day 2 times, change water 1/2~2/3 at every turn, fell the pond once, cultivate to larva and eyespot occurs every 4~5 days;
F. the cultivation density with larva is adjusted into 6~7/ml, and cultivating temperature is to heat up 0.4~0.6 ℃ every day, rise to 16 ℃ after constant temperature culture;
G. when eyespot appears in 30%~40% larva, throw in adherance and adhere to for larva, during every day change water 2 times, change water more than 70% at every turn, after this increase daily ration, feeding quantity to 5 ten thousand/ml, day change water 3 times, each 1/2-2/3;
H. after throwing adherance, when continuing to cultivate, be hung on buoyant raft with 60 order mesh bags or interior mesh bag 40 orders, outer mesh bag 60 purpose Double-level Reticulated bagged seedlings and carry out breeding in the middle of the sea, the indoor culture water temperature should be reduced to gradually consistent before the outbound with ocean temperature to the high 600 μ m of juvenile mollusk shell; When juvenile mollusk shell during, assign in the 30 order mesh bags up to 0.2~0.3cm;
I. when juvenile mollusk shell height is 0.5cm, the juvenile mollusk of same mesh bag is assigned to evacuation density cultivation in the different mesh bags, when young shell height is 3.5~4.0cm, young shellfish is put into cylinder mould culture or sow bottom culture;
J. grow when full when scallop, choose its big scallop individuality in mesochite look albefaction zone, and repeat repeatedly a step support temporarily and b~i step is bred cultivation, until obtaining all pure white kind shellfishes of upper and lower shell color.
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