CN103168733A - Patinopecten yessoensis seedling culturing method - Google Patents
Patinopecten yessoensis seedling culturing method Download PDFInfo
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract
The invention relates to a patinopecten yessoensis seedling culturing method, and belongs to the technical field of patinopecten yessoensis seedling culturing methods. The patinopecten yessoensis seedling culturing method is characterized by mainly comprising the following steps of: (1) performing oviposition and hatching; (2) cultivating larvas; (3) feeding substratums; and (4) cultivating young mollusk. According to the patinopecten yessoensis seedling culturing method, the technology is scientific and reasonable; the flow operation is simple and standard; the seedling survival rate is high; the seedlings are robust; and a good foundation is laid for growth of patinopecten yessoensis in the future.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the Patinopecten yessoensis offspring seed cultivation method, belong to Patinopecten yessoensis offspring seed cultivation method technical field.
Background technology
Patinopecten yessoensis belongs to the filter-feeding bivalve shellfish, shell is fan-shaped, is the cold water shellfish, and it is northern that Patinopecten yessoensis originates in Japan, waters, Russian Thousand Islands south, Hokkaido, Japan and Honshu, 5-23 ℃ of growth comfort zone, 15 ℃ of left and right are the optimum growth temperature, and lower than 5 ℃ of poor growths, when water temperature is elevated to 23 ℃, viability weakens gradually, optimum range 24-40 ‰ to salinity, be distributed in salinity higher, hard without the substrate that fresh water injects, the few and depth of water of silt is no more than the littoral sea area of 40m.
The Patinopecten yessoensis delicious flavour contains abundant unsaturated fatty acid EPA and DHA, can promote intellectual development to improve IQ, reduces the human thrombus and forms and the vascular sclerosis phenomenon, also has the effects such as enriching yin, kidney tonifying, is the delicious delicacies on people's dining table.
All there is cultivation in the sea areas such as the Liaodong Peninsula of northern China, chang-dao at present, its growth rate is comparatively slow, begin to the high 1l-12cm of shell from juvenile mollusk, shortest time needs 1 year 07 months, the growth cycle of growing causes its finished product, and at home and abroad the market demand breach is very large, presents the situation that supply falls short of demand, accelerates aquaculture development and has become the task of top priority, and it is particularly important to cultivate healthy and strong Patinopecten yessoensis seed, still lacks the good Patinopecten yessoensis offspring seed cultivation method of system at present.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of good Patinopecten yessoensis offspring seed cultivation method.
The technical solution used in the present invention is as follows:
The Patinopecten yessoensis offspring seed cultivation method, its special character is mainly to comprise the following steps:
1, lay eggs, hatch
When female Patinopecten yessoensis parent shellfish sexual gland is salmon pink or pink, male Patinopecten yessoensis parent shellfish sexual gland is creamy white, the sexual gland index reached is more than 13%, when normally changing the existing a small amount of close shellfish of steeping in water for reconstitution and beginning emission performance body fluid, show that close shellfish is cultivated to complete, with close shellfish move into the ovulation pond of cultivating the same temperature in pond in, do not carry out other stimulation, the parent shellfish begins to ovulate for the first time, stays close shellfish after ovulation finishes for the first time and continues to support temporarily 3-5 days again, and close shellfish ovulates again;
With fertilized egg thin up or minute pond, density is controlled at about 40-60/milliliter hatches, affect hatching effect in order to prevent that fertilized egg from sinking to the bottom to pile up, in hatching process, water was stirred once with wooden rake every 1 hour, till arriving the trochophora phase to growth, under water temperature 8-12 ℃ condition, through 70-90 hour, when the 60-70% larva reaches D shape larva, in time select excellent with 200 order trawlnets;
Selecting excellent operation is to be that 200 purpose trawlnets drag choosing with the specification that the NX-103 bolting silk is made, and cultivates, if young negligible amounts can be again collect with the net cage draining is concentrated, young density directly affects its culture effect.
2, larval culture
A, density requirements: different period according to D shape larvae cultivation, select reasonably to place density;
B, bait require: chrysophyceae 3011,8701 is all open-mouthed baits of Patinopecten yessoensis high-quality, adopts chrysophyceae to mix with diatom and throws something and feeds; After throwing in adherance, bait can change into take flat algae as main, take chrysophyceae and diatom as throwing something and feeding auxiliary the mixing, and suitably increases daily ration, feeding quantity;
C, water temperature require: suitable water temperature of larvae cultivation stage is 13-17 ℃ of left and right, 15 ℃ of optimum temperatures, after D shape larva is selected, water temperature is risen to 15 ℃ of optimum growth temperatures gradually, reach the cooling cultivation gradually again of juvenile mollusk stage, be down at last with outdoor natural temperature was close at that time, in order to the nature seawater temperature transition;
D, change water: change water every day nurturing period, select different quantity of exchanged water according to the larvae cultivation stage, gradually to the transition of nature seawater condition, and continuous micro is inhaled the end every day once to Aeration in the water.
3, throw in adherance
Cultivated 18-20 days, larva on average grow 6-8 μ m, when average shell reaches 220-240 μ m, eyespot can appear in most of larva; When the larva eyespot that 35-45% is arranged becomes circle, when the shell edge thickens, with eyebot larvae screening one time, put into respectively different ponds with 120 mesh sieve thin,tough silk, then throw in adherance in each pond;
Larva specification through screening is larger, and the eyebot larvae ratio increases, and adheres to time shorten, and growth is very fast.
4, young shellfish is cultivated
The Patinopecten yessoensis young indoor culture to the high 600 μ m of shell adhere to juvenile mollusk the time, just move to the outdoor young shellfish cultivation of carrying out, for adapting to indoor and marine water temperature difference, go out to reduce gradually before the pond water temperature near natural temperature, this moment, the Patinopecten yessoensis seedling was less because of individuality, and after cooling, adhesive force weakens, very easily come off from attaching substratum, add that adaptive capacity to external world is poor, so be the peak mortality phase before growing to 2mm, this stage is also the key of supporting temporarily in the middle of seed.
The time of young shellfish cultivation experience is 5-6 month, can be divided into one-level cultivation, secondary cultivation and three grades of 3 stages of cultivation.
Described one-level is cultivated and is referred to Patinopecten yessoensis from the juvenile mollusk of the high 600 μ m left and right of shell, and cultivating into average shell height is the process of 3mm;
Be in 30 purpose pouches with the Patinopecten yessoensis juvenile mollusk specification of packing into, the outer cover of pouch 40 order sacks adopt inside and outside double-ply bag to keep a full stand of seedings, 15,000 one 20,000 ten thousand of every packed juvenile mollusks;
One-level is cultivated the sea area, should be chosen in the little inner bay of stormy waves, if suitable shrimp pond is arranged, can be used as and cultivates the pond;
One-level is cultivated the needed time, in different sea areas, along with the difference of water temperature, goes out the difference of pond time and difference; At Northern Huanghai Sea, early April goes out the juvenile mollusk in pond, and one-level was cultivated the time at 55-65 days, went out the juvenile mollusk in pond the first tenday period of a month in May, needed 35-45 days;
The one-level nurturing period is wanted running check buoyant raft safety, in time removes attachment, takes off outer sack after 25-30 days, increases water penetration.
During on average up to 3mm, juvenile mollusk enters the secondary breeding phase when the juvenile mollusk shell.
Described secondary is cultivated and is referred to that Patinopecten yessoensis is the juvenile mollusk of 3mm from average shell height, and cultivating as average shell is high is the process of 5mm juvenile mollusk;
Selecting specification is that 30cm*40cm, mesh aperture is the mesh bag of 1.2-1.6mm, 1500～2000 of every packed 3mm juvenile mollusks;
Secondary was cultivated the time at 40-60 days, and the rear growth of plunging into the commercial sea of Patinopecten yessoensis juvenile mollusk is very fast, along with the rising secondary nurturing period of temperature will be divided the seedling secondary;
For the first time at the end of May-early June, it is in 20-30 order mesh bag that seedling is assigned to mesh, every pouch 1000-1500 grain, and this moment, juvenile mollusk shell length was 5-8mm; Divide for the second time seedling in mid-July, juvenile mollusk is through screening, and the mesh of packing into is in 15-20 order mesh bag, by every bag of 400-600 grain;
The operation of minute seedling is chosen in to be carried out in morning and the evening of every day, require rapid, careful, avoid Exposure to Sunlight, air-dry, drench with rain and mechanical damage, when dividing seedling, dress seedling container wants large, want perennial draingage in container, with dividing with extension, do not collect together seedling, the juvenile mollusk after minute seedling shifts in order to crossing the summer to the deep-sea.
During on average up to 5mm, juvenile mollusk enters three grades of breeding phases when the juvenile mollusk shell.
Described three grades of cultivations refer to that Patinopecten yessoensis is the juvenile mollusk of 5mm from average shell is high, cultivates into the process of the young shellfish of 3cm size;
Three grades of nurturing period weathers enter October, and water temperature has dropped to 20 ℃ of left and right, second the suitable growth period that Patinopecten yessoensis enters the current year.
When the juvenile mollusk shell grew to mean height 2cm, it was that supporting temporarily of 1-1.5cm dredged rare cultivation in cage that juvenile mollusk is in time assigned to mesh;
Support temporarily cage and select 7-10 layer cage, place 100-200 grain juvenile mollusk in every layer of cage;
Three grades of cultivation equipment are selected the polyethylene disk of diameter 30-34cm for cultivating cage, have the eyelet of aperture 5mm on disk, and the outsourcing aperture is the woven net of 3mm, each cylinder mould 10-15 layer, and spacing between layers is 15cm; Juvenile mollusk is put seedling density: 80-100 juvenile mollusk of every layer of placement of the disk of diameter 30cm; 100-150 juvenile mollusk of every layer of placement of the disk of diameter 34cm;
Cultivate the sea area for three grades, be chosen in the depth of water, flow large effluxing, the depth of water is at least at 17-18m, and employing is lived and floated dark raft, the floating long 8-10m of well rope that lives, and lifting rope 1-1.5m is under the depth of water of 10m the cultivation raft; Stable for guaranteeing it, it is large that dropstone is wanted, and heavy 2-3kg, dropstone place and want evenly, in order to avoid kink mutually; Between the megathermal period, reduce and carry;
When juvenile mollusk divided the seedling operation, because temperature is higher, juvenile mollusk will be avoided Exposure to Sunlight, and the scaffolding operation utilizes time operation sooner or later, advocates operation at sea, and water is new, and water is lived, unlikely anoxic; With dividing, with extension, unlikely poly-heap gummed.
Divide seedling if carry out by land juvenile mollusk, need not collect together seedling with the seawater that flows, in time packing, action is soft.
Need the juvenile mollusk of transportation to utilize every day early, the nice and cool time of late weather carries out, windproofly, anti-do, anti-Exposure to Sunlight, anti-rain.
Through the cultivation of 5-6 month, the Patinopecten yessoensis seedling grew to the high young shellfish for the 3cm left and right of average shell, has completed the cultivating process of Patinopecten yessoensis seed.
Density requirements when described step 2) larval culture cultivates: D shape larvae cultivation density is controlled at 8-10/ml in every ml water, later stage 6-7/ml in earlier stage.
When described step 2) larval culture cultivates, bait requires: adopt chrysophyceae to mix with diatom and throws something and feeds, mixed weight is than being 3:1, ten thousand/ml of 1-6 in the every ml water of daily ration of feeding; After throwing in adherance, the bait weight ratio can change flat algae into: the ratio of chrysophyceae: diatom=8:3:1 is thrown something and fed, ten thousand/ml of 3-10 in the every ml water of daily ration of feeding.
When described step 2) larval culture cultivates, water temperature requires: suitable water temperature of larvae cultivation stage is 13-17 ℃, 15 ℃ of optimum temperatures, D shape larva is selected rear water temperature and raises 0.5 ℃ every day, water temperature is risen to 15 ℃, reaching the juvenile mollusk stage lowers the temperature and cultivates every day and reduce 0.3-0.5 ℃, be down at last with outdoor natural temperature was close at that time, in order to the nature seawater temperature transition.
Change the water requirement when described step 2) larval culture cultivates: the nurturing period is changed water 2-3 times/day, the larvae cultivation stage in early stage is changed 1/3 range of water at every turn, the juvenile mollusk stage in later stage is changed 1/2 range of water at every turn, gradually to the transition of nature seawater condition, and continuous micro is to Aeration in the water, tolerance is advisable with the water surface ripples that slightly rise, and inhales the end every day once.
Reducing gradually the water temperature method of operating described in step 4) is to reduce 0.5-0.8 ℃ every day, is down at last with outdoor natural temperature was identical at that time.
When going out the pond, juvenile mollusk answers points for attention
1. select suitable mesh specification.
2. select stormy waves little, pollution-free, little flood tide is caught as cultivating the sea area in the sea area that bait enriches, and goes out the pond without stormy waves weather and plunges into the commercial sea.
When 3. going out the pond, marine water temperature more than 5 ℃ for well, the normal physiological activity of guarantee juvenile mollusk like this.
When 4. transporting juvenile mollusk, prevent air-dryly, Exposure to Sunlight drenches with rain, and prevents from coming off, and prevents mechanical damage, shortens the operating time as far as possible.
Beneficial effect of the present invention: Patinopecten yessoensis offspring seed cultivation method reason of the present invention, craft science is reasonable, and flow operations is simple, standard, and weed survival rate is high, and the seedling body is healthy and strong, for Patinopecten yessoensis growth is in the future laid a good foundation.
Embodiment
Below provide the specific embodiment of the present invention, be used for formation of the present invention is further illustrated.
Embodiment
The Patinopecten yessoensis offspring seed cultivation method of the present embodiment mainly comprises the following steps:
1, lay eggs, hatch
When female Patinopecten yessoensis parent shellfish sexual gland is salmon pink or pink, male Patinopecten yessoensis parent shellfish sexual gland is creamy white, the sexual gland index reached is more than 13%, when normally changing the existing a small amount of close shellfish of steeping in water for reconstitution and beginning emission performance body fluid, show that close shellfish is cultivated to complete, with close shellfish move into the ovulation pond of cultivating the same temperature in pond in, do not carry out other stimulation, the parent shellfish begins to ovulate for the first time, stays close shellfish after ovulation finishes for the first time and continues to support temporarily 3-5 days again, and close shellfish ovulates again;
With fertilized egg thin up or minute pond, density is controlled at about 40-60/milliliter hatches, affect hatching effect in order to prevent that fertilized egg from sinking to the bottom to pile up, in hatching process, water was stirred once with wooden rake every 1 hour, till arriving the trochophora phase to growth, under water temperature 8-12 ℃ condition, through 70-90 hour, when the 60-70% larva reaches D shape larva, in time select excellent with 200 order trawlnets;
Selecting excellent operation is to be that 200 purpose trawlnets drag choosing with the specification that the NX-103 bolting silk is made, and cultivates, if young negligible amounts can be again collect with the net cage draining is concentrated, young density directly affects its culture effect.
2, larval culture
A, density requirements: D shape larvae cultivation density is controlled in every ml water 8-10/ml in earlier stage, later stage 6-7/ml;
B, bait require: chrysophyceae 3011,8701 is all open-mouthed baits of Patinopecten yessoensis high-quality, adopts chrysophyceae to mix with diatom and throws something and feeds, and the mixed weight ratio is 3:1, in the every ml water of ten thousand/ml(of daily ration of feeding 1-6); After throwing in adherance, the bait weight ratio can change flat algae into: the ratio of chrysophyceae: diatom=8:3:1 is thrown something and fed, ten thousand/ml of 3-10 in the every ml water of daily ration of feeding;
C, water temperature require: suitable water temperature of larvae cultivation stage is 13-17 ℃ of left and right, 15 ℃ of optimum temperatures, D shape larva is selected rear water temperature and raises 0.5 ℃ every day, water temperature is risen to 15 ℃, reach the cultivation of lowering the temperature again of juvenile mollusk stage, reduce 0.3-0.5 ℃ every day, be down at last with outdoor natural temperature was close at that time, in order to the nature seawater temperature transition;
D, change water: the nurturing period is changed water 2-3 times/day, the larvae cultivation stage in early stage is changed 1/3 range of water at every turn, the juvenile mollusk stage in later stage is changed 1/2 range of water at every turn, gradually to the transition of nature seawater condition, and continuous micro is to Aeration in the water, tolerance is advisable with the water surface ripples that slightly rise, and inhales the end every day once.
3, throw in adherance
Cultivated 18-20 days, larva on average grow 6-8 μ m, when average shell reaches 220-240 μ m, eyespot can appear in most of larva; When the larva eyespot that 35-45% is arranged becomes circle, when the shell edge thickens, with eyebot larvae screening one time, put into respectively different ponds with 120 mesh sieve thin,tough silk, then throw in adherance in each pond;
Larva specification through screening is larger, and the eyebot larvae ratio increases, and adheres to time shorten, and growth is very fast.
4, young shellfish is cultivated
The Patinopecten yessoensis young indoor culture to the high 600 μ m of shell adhere to juvenile mollusk the time, just move to and outdoorly carry out young shellfish and cultivate, for adapting to indoor and marine water temperature difference, reduce gradually water temperature before going out the pond, reduce 0.5-0.8 ℃ every day, to near natural temperature, this moment, the Patinopecten yessoensis seedling was less because of individuality, and after cooling, adhesive force weakens, very easily come off from attaching substratum, add that adaptive capacity to external world is poor, so be the peak mortality phase before growing to 2mm, this stage is also the key of supporting temporarily in the middle of seed.
The time of young shellfish cultivation experience is 5-6 month, can be divided into one-level cultivation, secondary cultivation and three grades of 3 stages of cultivation.
One-level is cultivated and to be referred to Patinopecten yessoensis from the juvenile mollusk of the high 600 μ m left and right of shell, and cultivating into average shell height is the process of 3mm;
Be in 30 purpose pouches with the Patinopecten yessoensis juvenile mollusk specification of packing into, the outer cover of pouch 40 order sacks adopt inside and outside double-ply bag to keep a full stand of seedings, 15,000 one 20,000 ten thousand of every packed juvenile mollusks;
One-level is cultivated the sea area, should be chosen in the little inner bay of stormy waves, if suitable shrimp pond is arranged, can be used as and cultivates the pond;
One-level is cultivated the needed time, in different sea areas, along with the difference of water temperature, goes out the difference of pond time and difference; At Northern Huanghai Sea, early April goes out the juvenile mollusk in pond, and one-level was cultivated the time at 55-65 days, went out the juvenile mollusk in pond the first tenday period of a month in May, needed 35-45 days;
The one-level nurturing period is wanted running check buoyant raft safety, in time removes attachment, through cultivation in 30 days, takes off outer sack, increases water penetration;
During on average up to 3mm, juvenile mollusk enters the secondary breeding phase when the juvenile mollusk shell.
Secondary is cultivated and is referred to that Patinopecten yessoensis is the juvenile mollusk of 3mm from average shell height, and cultivating as average shell is high is the process of 5mm juvenile mollusk;
Selecting specification is that 30cm*40cm, mesh aperture is the mesh bag of 1.2-1.6mm, 1500～2000 of every packed 3mm juvenile mollusks;
Secondary was cultivated the time at 40-60 days, and the rear growth of plunging into the commercial sea of Patinopecten yessoensis juvenile mollusk is very fast, along with the rising secondary nurturing period of temperature will be divided the seedling secondary;
For the first time at the end of May-early June, it is in 20-30 order mesh bag that seedling is assigned to mesh, every pouch 1000-1500 grain, and this moment, juvenile mollusk shell length was 5-8mm; Divide for the second time seedling in mid-July, juvenile mollusk is through screening, and the mesh of packing into is in 15-20 order mesh bag, by every bag of 400-600 grain;
The operation of minute seedling is chosen in to be carried out in morning and the evening of every day, require rapid, careful, avoid Exposure to Sunlight, air-dry, drench with rain and mechanical damage, when dividing seedling, dress seedling container wants large, want perennial draingage in container, with dividing with extension, do not collect together seedling, the juvenile mollusk after minute seedling shifts in order to crossing the summer to the deep-sea.
During on average up to 5mm, juvenile mollusk enters three grades of breeding phases when the juvenile mollusk shell.
Three grades of cultivations refer to that Patinopecten yessoensis is the juvenile mollusk of 5mm from average shell is high, cultivates into the process of the young shellfish of 3cm size;
Three grades of nurturing period weathers enter October, and water temperature has dropped to 20 ℃ of left and right, second the suitable growth period that Patinopecten yessoensis enters the current year.
When the juvenile mollusk shell grew to mean height 2cm, it was that supporting temporarily of 1-1.5cm dredged rare cultivation in cage that juvenile mollusk is in time assigned to mesh;
Support temporarily cage and select 7-10 layer cage, place 100-200 grain juvenile mollusk in every layer of cage;
Three grades of cultivation equipment are selected the polyethylene disk of diameter 30-34cm for cultivating cage, have the eyelet of aperture 5mm on disk, and the outsourcing aperture is the woven net of 3mm, each cylinder mould 10-15 layer, and spacing between layers is 15cm; Juvenile mollusk is put seedling density: 80-100 juvenile mollusk of every layer of placement of the disk of diameter 30cm; 100-150 juvenile mollusk of every layer of placement of the disk of diameter 34cm;
Cultivate the sea area for three grades, be chosen in the depth of water, flow large effluxing, the depth of water is at least at 17-18m, and employing is lived and floated dark raft, the floating long 8-10m of well rope that lives, and lifting rope 1-1.5m is under the depth of water of 10m the cultivation raft; Stable for guaranteeing it, it is large that dropstone is wanted, and heavy 2-3kg, dropstone place and want evenly, in order to avoid kink mutually; Between the megathermal period, reduce and carry;
When juvenile mollusk divided the seedling operation, because temperature is higher, juvenile mollusk will be avoided Exposure to Sunlight, and the scaffolding operation utilizes time operation sooner or later, advocates operation at sea, and water is new, and water is lived, unlikely anoxic; With dividing, with extension, unlikely poly-heap gummed.
Carry out by land juvenile mollusk and divide seedling, need not collect together seedling with the seawater that flows, in time packing, action is soft.
Need the juvenile mollusk of transportation utilize every day early, the nice and cool time of late weather carries out, windproofly, anti-do, anti-Exposure to Sunlight, anti-rain.
Through the cultivation of 5-6 month, the Patinopecten yessoensis seedling grew to the high young shellfish for the 3cm left and right of average shell, has completed the cultivating process of Patinopecten yessoensis seed.
Points for attention when juvenile mollusk goes out the pond
1. select suitable mesh specification.
2. select stormy waves little, pollution-free, little flood tide is caught as cultivating the sea area in the sea area that bait enriches, and goes out the pond without stormy waves weather and plunges into the commercial sea.
When 3. going out the pond, marine water temperature requires more than 5 ℃, to guarantee the normal physiological activity of juvenile mollusk.
When 4. transporting juvenile mollusk, prevent air-dryly, Exposure to Sunlight drenches with rain, and prevents from coming off, and prevents mechanical damage, shortens the operating time as far as possible.
The above embodiment of the present invention is only for example of the present invention clearly is described; and be not to be restriction to embodiments of the present invention; for those of ordinary skill in the field; can also make other changes in different forms on the basis of the above description; here can't give all embodiments exhaustively, everyly belong to the row that apparent variation that technical scheme of the present invention extends out or change still are in protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. Patinopecten yessoensis offspring seed cultivation method is characterized in that mainly comprising the following steps:
1), lay eggs, hatch
When female Patinopecten yessoensis parent shellfish sexual gland is salmon pink or pink, male Patinopecten yessoensis parent shellfish sexual gland is creamy white, the sexual gland index reached is more than 13%, when normally changing the existing a small amount of close shellfish of steeping in water for reconstitution and beginning emission performance body fluid, show that close shellfish is cultivated to complete, with close shellfish move into the ovulation pond of cultivating the same temperature in pond in, do not carry out other stimulation, the parent shellfish begins to ovulate for the first time, stays close shellfish after ovulation finishes for the first time and continues to support temporarily 3-5 days again, and close shellfish ovulates again;
With fertilized egg thin up or minute pond, density is controlled at 40-60/milliliter and hatches, affect hatching effect in order to prevent that fertilized egg from sinking to the bottom to pile up, in hatching process, water was stirred once with wooden rake every 1 hour, till arriving the trochophora phase to growth, under water temperature 8-12 ℃ condition, through 70-90 hour, when the 60-70% larva reaches D shape larva, in time select excellent with 200 order trawlnets;
Selecting excellent operation is to be that 200 purpose trawlnets drag choosing with the specification that the NX-103 bolting silk is made, and cultivates, if young negligible amounts can be again collect with the net cage draining is concentrated, young density directly affects its culture effect;
2), larval culture
A, density requirements: different period according to D shape larvae cultivation, select reasonably to place density;
B, bait require: chrysophyceae 3011,8701 is all open-mouthed baits of Patinopecten yessoensis high-quality, adopts chrysophyceae to mix with diatom and throws something and feeds; After throwing in adherance, bait can change into take flat algae as main, take chrysophyceae and diatom as throwing something and feeding auxiliary the mixing, and suitably increases daily ration, feeding quantity;
C, water temperature require: suitable water temperature of larvae cultivation stage is 13-17 ℃ of left and right, 15 ℃ of optimum temperatures, after D shape larva is selected, water temperature is risen to 15 ℃ of optimum growth temperatures gradually, reach the cooling cultivation gradually again of juvenile mollusk stage, be down at last with outdoor natural temperature was close at that time, in order to the nature seawater temperature transition;
D, change water: change water every day nurturing period, select different quantity of exchanged water according to the larvae cultivation stage, gradually to the transition of nature seawater condition, and continuous micro is inhaled the end every day once to Aeration in the water;
3), throw in adherance
Cultivated 18-20 days, larva on average grow 6-8 μ m, when average shell reaches 220-240 μ m, eyespot can appear in most of larva; When the larva eyespot that 35-45% is arranged becomes circle, when the shell edge thickens, with eyebot larvae screening one time, put into respectively different ponds with 120 mesh sieve thin,tough silk, then throw in adherance in each pond;
4), young shellfish is cultivated
The Patinopecten yessoensis young indoor culture to the high 600 μ m of shell adhere to juvenile mollusk the time, just move to and outdoorly carry out young shellfish and cultivate.
2. for adapting to indoor and marine water temperature difference, go out to reduce gradually before the pond water temperature near natural temperature, the time that young shellfish is cultivated experience is 5-6 month, can be divided into that one-level is cultivated, secondary is cultivated and three grades of 3 stages of cultivation.
3. Patinopecten yessoensis offspring seed cultivation method as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that
Density requirements when described step 2) larval culture cultivates: D shape larvae cultivation density is controlled at 8-10/ml in every ml water, later stage 6-7/ml in earlier stage.
4. Patinopecten yessoensis offspring seed cultivation method as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that
When described step 2) larval culture cultivates, bait requires: adopt chrysophyceae to mix with diatom and throws something and feeds, mixed weight is than being 3:1, ten thousand/ml of 1-6 in the every ml water of daily ration of feeding; After throwing in adherance, the bait weight ratio can change flat algae into: the ratio of chrysophyceae: diatom=8:3:1 is thrown something and fed, ten thousand/ml of 3-10 in the every ml water of daily ration of feeding.
5. Patinopecten yessoensis offspring seed cultivation method as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that
When described step 2) larval culture cultivates, water temperature requires: suitable water temperature of larvae cultivation stage is 13-17 ℃, 15 ℃ of optimum temperatures, D shape larva is selected rear water temperature and raises 0.5 ℃ every day, water temperature is risen to 15 ℃, reaching the juvenile mollusk stage lowers the temperature and cultivates every day and reduce 0.3-0.5 ℃, be down at last with outdoor natural temperature was close at that time, in order to the nature seawater temperature transition.
6. Patinopecten yessoensis offspring seed cultivation method as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that
Change the water requirement when described step 2) larval culture cultivates: the nurturing period is changed water 2-3 times/day, the larvae cultivation stage in early stage is changed 1/3 range of water at every turn, the juvenile mollusk stage in later stage is changed 1/2 range of water at every turn, gradually to the transition of nature seawater condition, and continuous micro is to Aeration in the water, tolerance is advisable with the water surface ripples that slightly rise, and inhales the end every day once.
7. Patinopecten yessoensis offspring seed cultivation method as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that
One-level described in step 4) is cultivated: refer to Patinopecten yessoensis from the juvenile mollusk of the high 600 μ m left and right of shell, cultivating into average shell height is the process of 3mm;
Be in 30 purpose pouches with the Patinopecten yessoensis juvenile mollusk specification of packing into, the outer cover of pouch 40 order sacks adopt inside and outside double-ply bag to keep a full stand of seedings, 15,000 one 20,000 ten thousand of every packed juvenile mollusks;
One-level is cultivated the sea area, is chosen in the little inner bay of stormy waves, if suitable shrimp pond is arranged, can be used as and cultivates the pond;
One-level is cultivated the needed time, and at Northern Huanghai Sea, early April goes out the juvenile mollusk in pond, and one-level was cultivated the time at 55-65 days, went out the juvenile mollusk in pond the first tenday period of a month in May, needed 35-45 days;
The one-level nurturing period is wanted running check buoyant raft safety, in time removes attachment, takes off outer sack after 25-30 days;
The Patinopecten yessoensis offspring seed cultivation method, is characterized in that as claimed in claim 1
Secondary described in step 4) is cultivated: refer to that Patinopecten yessoensis be the juvenile mollusk of 3mm from average shell is high, cultivate and be the process of 5mm juvenile mollusk into average shell height;
Selecting specification is that 30cm*40cm, mesh aperture is the mesh bag of 1.2-1.6mm, 1500～2000 of every packed 3mm juvenile mollusks;
Secondary is cultivated the time at 40-60 days, along with the rising secondary nurturing period of temperature will be divided the seedling secondary;
For the first time at the end of May-early June, it is in 20-30 order mesh bag that seedling is assigned to mesh, every pouch 1000-1500 grain, and this moment, juvenile mollusk shell length was 5-8mm; Divide for the second time seedling in mid-July, juvenile mollusk is through screening, and the mesh of packing into is in 15-20 order mesh bag, by every bag of 400-600 grain;
The operation of minute seedling is chosen in to be carried out in morning and the evening of every day, require rapid, careful, avoid Exposure to Sunlight, air-dry, drench with rain and mechanical damage, when dividing seedling, dress seedling container wants large, want perennial draingage in container, with dividing with extension, do not collect together seedling, the juvenile mollusk after minute seedling shifts in order to crossing the summer to the deep-sea;
During on average up to 5mm, juvenile mollusk enters three grades of breeding phases when the juvenile mollusk shell.
8. Patinopecten yessoensis offspring seed cultivation method as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that
Three grades of cultivations described in step 4): refer to that Patinopecten yessoensis is the juvenile mollusk of 5mm from average shell is high, cultivates into the process of the young shellfish of 3cm size;
When the juvenile mollusk shell grew to mean height 2cm, it was that supporting temporarily of 1-1.5cm dredged rare cultivation in cage that juvenile mollusk is in time assigned to mesh;
Support temporarily cage and select 7-10 layer cage, place 100-200 grain juvenile mollusk in every layer of cage;
Three grades of cultivation equipment are selected the polyethylene disk of diameter 30-34cm for cultivating cage, have the eyelet of aperture 5mm on disk, and the outsourcing aperture is the woven net of 3mm, each cylinder mould 10-15 layer, and spacing between layers is 15cm; Juvenile mollusk is put seedling density: 80-100 juvenile mollusk of every layer of placement of the disk of diameter 30cm; 100-150 juvenile mollusk of every layer of placement of the disk of diameter 34cm;
Cultivate the sea area for three grades, be chosen in the depth of water, flow large effluxing, the depth of water is at least at 17-18m, and employing is lived and floated dark raft, the floating long 8-10m of well rope that lives, and lifting rope 1-1.5m is under the depth of water of 10m the cultivation raft; Sink to cultivating raft dropstone used and want large, heavy 2-3kg, dropstone place and want evenly, in order to avoid kink mutually; Between the megathermal period, reduce and carry;
When juvenile mollusk divided the seedling operation, juvenile mollusk will be avoided Exposure to Sunlight, and scaffolding operates, and utilized time operation sooner or later, advocated operation at sea, with dividing, with extension; Divide seedling if carry out by land juvenile mollusk, need to support temporarily with the seawater that flows, do not collect together seedling, in time packing, action is soft;
Need the juvenile mollusk of transportation to utilize every day early, the nice and cool time of late weather carries out, windproofly, anti-do, anti-Exposure to Sunlight, anti-rain.
9. Patinopecten yessoensis offspring seed cultivation method as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that
Reducing gradually the water temperature method of operating described in step 4) is to reduce 0.5-0.8 ℃ every day, is down at last with outdoor natural temperature was identical at that time.
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| CN103688883B (en) * | 2013-12-11 | 2015-10-14 | 大连海洋大学 | Cultivation cage quantitatively installs spat device additional |
| CN104823896A (en) * | 2015-06-05 | 2015-08-12 | 威海市文登区水产技术推广站 | Method for improving argopecten irradians juvenile mollusk settlement uniformity |
| CN104957067A (en) * | 2015-07-09 | 2015-10-07 | 海南大学 | Young pinctada maxima breeding method and device |
| CN105075956A (en) * | 2015-09-18 | 2015-11-25 | 山东大学（威海） | Method for improving survival rate of young rapana venosa |
| CN105075956B (en) * | 2015-09-18 | 2018-05-08 | 山东大学（威海） | The method for improving the young spiral shell survival rate of Rapana venosa |
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