CN103798170B - A kind of bay ecology supports Bao Fangfa - Google Patents
A kind of bay ecology supports Bao Fangfa Download PDFInfo
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- CN103798170B CN103798170B CN201410057810.0A CN201410057810A CN103798170B CN 103798170 B CN103798170 B CN 103798170B CN 201410057810 A CN201410057810 A CN 201410057810A CN 103798170 B CN103798170 B CN 103798170B
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- bao
- tangleweed
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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- Cultivation Of Seaweed (AREA)
- Farming Of Fish And Shellfish (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of bay ecology and support Bao Fangfa, comprising: the biological attachment base tangleweed nursery of (1) intermediary; (2) tangleweed seedling is broadcasted sowing; (3) seed of Bao throws in step.The present invention, by broadcasting the marine site of Bao the end of at, builds submarine algae field in Yang Bao district, shallow sea, can provide the habitat of a safety to Bao, and provides sufficient bait to Bao, thus improves the Yield and quality broadcasting Bao at the bottom of seabed.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to mariculture technical field, support Bao Fangfa in particular to a kind of bay ecology.
Background technology
Bao is the marine products treasure liked of people all over the world, the cultivation of the Bao also almost each ocean developed country of throughout world.Current, Bao Fangfa supports in China to be had: Bao is supported in batch production, shallow sea floating raft type supports Bao, Bao is supported in pond, intertidal zone, bay supports the several methods such as Bao, and quality and the wild Bao of the Bao of wherein bay cultivation almost do not have difference, most favored by customers.But being mainly limited by of this method cultivation needs to select the abundant marine site of seabed algae to carry out, otherwise, can because seabed algae stock number be little, the bait demand of taking the photograph of Bao can not be met, the habitat of Bao Anquan can not be provided, cause that the growth rate of Bao is slow, the end broadcasts the problem that density is low, yield poorly.
Support Bao Fangfa at present both at home and abroad to mainly contain: Bao is supported in batch production, floating raft type supports Bao, pond, intertidal zone is supported at the bottom of Bao and seabed and broadcast foster Bao, the technical problem that this patent mainly solves broadcasts foster Bao at the bottom of seabed, because China's seabed algae resource is very deficient, although the requirement that the end that other ecological condition can meet Bao is broadcast, but because seabed lacks algae, Bao is lacked habitat, lack bait, make at the bottom of the seabed of Bao, to broadcast the restriction being subject to marine site, or affect the growth rate of Bao, coefficient of condition etc. that density, Bao are broadcast in the end.
Bao is supported in batch production: be in the factory building of land, builds and supports Bao workshop, provide a breeding Bao method of the ecological condition such as bait, flowing water under full manual control condition.This kind ofly carries out in China the method that the foster Bao initial stage takes, the domestic rarer method taking batch production to support Bao at present.
Floating raft type supports Bao: be on the buoyant raft of shallow sea, with foster Bao cage, support the devices such as Bao cylinder, net cage, Bao is placed in one, timing is thrown something and fed a kind of breeding way of the bait such as sea-tangle, the method is the major way that Bao is supported by current China, but the shortcomings such as the method exists needs bait throwing in, labor intensive greatly, and suitable aquaculture sea area is restricted.
Bao is supported in pond, intertidal zone: be support Bao Chi in intertidal zone box dam construction, habitat condition can be in construction pond, cay substrate marine site or in pond, throw in stone manufacture the habitat of Bao, and the mode of bait of can taking because ocean current in pond is less manually to throw something and feed cultivates Bao.
Bay supports Bao, at the bay of style of opening, and bottom sowing culture Bao.Holobenthic Bao, natural conditions are relied on to select habitat, pickuping food, substantially will not manage at the vegetative stage of Bao, what have can carry out removing harmful animal, or throw in the mode growth promoting effects of bait, the main Problems existing of current the method is: difficulty is selected in marine site, especially seabed algae resource shortage can not meet perching of Bao, demand of ingesting and make yielding poorly of Bao, although some sea area is very superior but can not develop foster Bao because algae lacks other condition, (some takes and is fixed on seabed with the macro dropstone being clipped in Miao Shengshang of floating raft type cultivation the bait of manually throwing something and feeding at present, also can at the effect lower swing of ocean current, be difficult to be ingested by Bao, adopt and be strapped in epilithic tangleweed and render to seabed then cost is too large) can because the reason of ocean current, be flushed away very soon, or move under the effect of stream and be unfavorable for ingesting of Bao.
The application applicant's authorized " a kind of manually operated submarine algae field construction method ", " a kind of method for sowing fixed life-form seaweed seedlings on sea surface " are although two patents solve the problem broadcast at the bottom of tangleweed seabed, but, directly applied to abalone culture, still there is poor growth, the problem that survival rate is not high.
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide bay ecology and support Bao Fangfa, in order to realize object of the present invention, intending adopting following technical scheme.
One aspect of the present invention relates to a kind of bay ecology and supports Bao Fangfa, it is characterized in that comprising the steps:
(1) intermediary's biological attachment base tangleweed nursery:
Mussel selected by intermediary's biological attachment base, the long 1.5-3cm of shell, and mussel, after scrubbing, carries out surface sterilization with bleaching liquid;
Tangleweed selects one or more the combination in large sea-tangle, sea-tangle, undaria pinnitafida, goose palm dish;
Tangleweed nursery: select ripe tangleweed to plant vegetables, diffuse trip spore, with treated mussel for adherance, the mussel that attached to tangleweed spore takes low temperature natural light seedling rearing method to carry out artificial breeding, nursery water temperature controls at 5-10 DEG C, illumination is within the scope of 10000-6000lx, and the mode taking flowing water to cultivate is cultivated;
The marine transition of tangleweed seedling: when the tangleweed seedling of indoor cultivation reaches 1-2cm, sea area surface temperature reaches below 19 DEG C, tangleweed seedling is plunged into the commercial sea transition, during the transition of seedling sea, indoor cultivation is that the seed of adherance is placed on the buoyant raft of shallow sea and carries out transition with mussel, and transitional period waterlayer control is at 50-120cm water layer;
(2) tangleweed seedling is broadcasted sowing:
Broadcast sowing specification: the tangleweed seedling individuality through marine transition reaches 5-30cm and broadcasts sowing in the bay culture zone of Bao;
Method for sowing: with scissors, the mussel byssus of attachment tangleweed seedling is cut off, make the single separation of mussel, the tangleweed seed on mussel adherance with 1-5 strain/, select the stormy waves little news of death phase to broadcast sowing, broadcast sowing density with 10-40 mussel/square metre;
(3) seed of Bao is thrown in:
Sea area is selected: select depth of water 1-20m, substrate is cay, larger rock, gravel sea area, and the sea area of broadcasting Bao, the end shifts to an earlier date the end and broadcasts macro;
The seed size of Bao: select the long large size seedling seed for 2.5-4cm of shell to carry out the end and broadcast;
Between the sowing time end: annual mid or late April to June is the best date of seeding end;
Bottom-seeding method: the large size seedling seed of the Bao crawled on corrugated plating is directly invested in seabed, corrugated plating dropstone is fixed, and is placed in seabed uniformly, and after one day, Bao can leave corrugated plating and crawls, on the stone of seabed, then to be reclaimed by corrugated plating;
Density is broadcast at the end: control at 5-30/square metre.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, that diffuses that trip marine alga plants vegetables spore diffuses density in 20-50/100 times of visuals field.
In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, after tangleweed seedling is broadcasted sowing, regularly take diver to check or underwater monitor check mussel distribution whether evenly, mussel is at seabed adhesion condition, tangleweed growing state, tangleweed adhesion condition, adjusted for broadcasting sowing the situations such as seed the is uneven measure such as can take to fill the gaps with seedlings.
In the present invention, if there is no specified otherwise, described shallow sea: indication shallow sea of the present invention mainly refers to: the marine site of subtidal zone depth of water 1-20 rice.Seabed: indication seabed of the present invention refers to natural seabed at the bottom of basement rock matter, gravel, hard sand or has the seabed of artificial fish shelter.Submarine algae field: refer to the artificial seafloor algae field that the seed of artificial culture is attached to seabed matrix and builds up.
Under the condition that the present invention can meet at other ecological condition, even if also can bottom sowing culture Bao in the marine site that algae natural resources is very low, the present invention is by broadcasting the marine site of Bao the end of at, submarine algae field is built in Yang Bao district, shallow sea, the habitat of a safety can be provided to Bao, and provide sufficient bait to Bao, thus improve the Yield and quality broadcasting Bao at the bottom of seabed.
Concrete grammar:
(1) intermediary's biological attachment base tangleweed nursery:
Mussel selected by intermediary's biological attachment base, the long 1.5-3cm of shell, and mussel, after scrubbing, carries out surface sterilization with bleaching liquid.
Tangleweed selects the kinds such as large sea-tangle, sea-tangle, undaria pinnitafida, goose palm dish
Tangleweed nursery: select ripe tangleweed to plant vegetables, diffuse trip spore, diffuses density in 20-50/100 times of visuals field, and with treated mussel for adherance, attachment density, controls in 30-60/100 times of visuals field for foundation with slide density.The mussel that attached to tangleweed spore takes low temperature natural light seedling rearing method to carry out artificial breeding, and nursery water temperature controls at 5-10 DEG C, and within the scope of illumination 10000-6000lx, the mode taking flowing water to cultivate is cultivated.The nursery stage scrubs weekly twice brushing method and adopts the mode sprayed, and change water when scrubbing, quantity of exchanged water 50-100% at every turn, apply fertilizer when changing water at every turn, fertilizing amount is 2-5ppm.
The marine transition of tangleweed seedling: when the tangleweed seedling of indoor cultivation reaches 1-2cm, sea area surface temperature reaches below 19 DEG C, tangleweed seedling can be plunged into the commercial sea transition, during the transition of seedling sea, indoor cultivation is that the seed of adherance is placed on the buoyant raft of shallow sea and carries out transition with mussel, and transitional period waterlayer control is at 50-120cm water layer.Transition stage according to seed mud scum how many situations is scrubbed, and general 1-3 days scrubs once, when scrubbing, takes to put the mode of washing and carries out.
(2) tangleweed seedling is broadcasted sowing:
Broadcast sowing specification: the tangleweed seedling individuality through marine transition reaches 5-30cm and can broadcast sowing in the bay culture zone of Bao.
Method for sowing: the mussel byssus of attachment tangleweed seedling is cut off with scissors, make the single separation of mussel, tangleweed seed on mussel adherance, with 1-5 strain/to be advisable, selects the stormy waves little news of death phase to broadcast sowing, broadcast sowing density with 10-40 mussel/square metre.
Broadcast sowing the time: before annual January, complete tangleweed seedling broadcast sowing work.
Management work: after tangleweed seedling is broadcasted sowing, regularly take diver to check or underwater monitor check mussel distribution whether evenly, mussel is at seabed adhesion condition, tangleweed growing state, tangleweed adhesion condition, adjusted for broadcasting sowing the situations such as seed the is uneven measure such as can take to fill the gaps with seedlings.
(3) seed of Bao is thrown in:
Sea area is selected: select depth of water 1-20m, substrate is cay, larger rock, gravel sea area, and the sea area of broadcasting Bao, the end will shift to an earlier date the end and broadcast macro.
The seed size of Bao: select the long large size seedling seed for 2.5-4cm of shell to carry out the end and broadcast.
Between the sowing time end: annual mid or late April to June is the best date of seeding end.
Bottom-seeding method: the large size seedling seed of the Bao crawled on corrugated plating is directly invested in seabed, corrugated plating dropstone is fixed, and is placed in seabed uniformly, and after one day, Bao can leave corrugated plating and crawls, on the stone of seabed, at this moment corrugated plating to be reclaimed.
Density is broadcast at the end: due in advance, tangleweed has been broadcast at the end, can control at 5-30/square metre.
The results of Bao:
Usually, to Second Year October, more than 90% can reach commercial specification, can gather in the crops to the Bao of the long 2.5cm of shell broadcast by the end of June annual mid or late April.Generally, the survival rate of Bao between the date of seeding end can reach more than 60%, per mu yield 300-700kg.According to specification and the Temperature Regime of Main of Bao, twice results before can arriving with hypothermic phase before the megathermal period, utilize diver to gather in the crops the Bao reaching specification during results.
The above is the preferred embodiments of the present invention; it should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, under the prerequisite not departing from principle of the present invention; can also make some improvements and modifications, these improvements and modifications also should be considered as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (2)
1. bay ecology supports a Bao Fangfa, it is characterized in that: comprise the steps:
(1) intermediary's biological attachment base tangleweed nursery:
Mussel selected by intermediary's biological attachment base, the long 1.5-3cm of shell, and mussel, after scrubbing, carries out surface sterilization with bleaching liquid;
Tangleweed selects goose to slap one or more combination in dish or itself and large sea-tangle, sea-tangle, undaria pinnitafida;
Tangleweed nursery: select ripe tangleweed to plant vegetables, diffuse trip marine alga to plant vegetables spore, with treated mussel for adherance, attached to the plant vegetables mussel of spore of tangleweed takes low temperature natural light seedling rearing method to carry out artificial breeding, nursery water temperature controls at 5-10 DEG C, illumination is within the scope of 10000-6000 lux, and the mode taking flowing water to cultivate is cultivated;
The marine transition of tangleweed seedling: when the tangleweed seedling of indoor cultivation reaches 1-2cm, sea area surface temperature reaches below 19 DEG C, tangleweed seedling is plunged into the commercial sea transition, during the transition of seedling sea, indoor cultivation is that the seed of adherance is placed on the buoyant raft of shallow sea and carries out transition with mussel, and transitional period waterlayer control is at 50-120cm water layer;
(2) tangleweed seedling is broadcasted sowing:
Broadcast sowing specification: the tangleweed seedling individuality through marine transition reaches 5-30cm and broadcasts sowing in the bay culture zone of Bao;
Method for sowing: with scissors, the mussel byssus of attachment tangleweed seedling is cut off, make the single separation of mussel, the tangleweed seedling on mussel adherance with 1-5 strain/, select the stormy waves little news of death phase to broadcast sowing, broadcast sowing density with 10-40 mussel/square metre;
(3) seed of Bao is thrown in:
Sea area is selected: select depth of water 1-20m, substrate is cay, larger rock, gravel sea area, and the sea area of broadcasting Bao, the end shifts to an earlier date the end and broadcasts macro;
The seed size of Bao: select the long large size seedling seed for 2.5-4cm of shell to carry out the end and broadcast;
Between the sowing time end: annual mid or late April is to June;
Bottom-seeding method: the large size seedling seed of the Bao crawled on corrugated plating is directly invested in seabed, corrugated plating dropstone is fixed, and is placed in seabed uniformly, and after one day, Bao can leave corrugated plating and crawls, on the stone of seabed, then to be reclaimed by corrugated plating;
Density is broadcast at the end: control at 5-30/square metre.
2. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: that diffuses that trip marine alga plants vegetables spore diffuses density in 20-50/100 times of visuals field.
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Cited By (1)
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| CN111387041A (en) * | 2020-04-17 | 2020-07-10 | 威海海洋职业学院 | Ecological breeding method for kelp, gracilaria, haliotis discus hannai, strongylocentrotus intermedius and apostichopus japonicus in shallow sea |
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| CN107771718B (en) * | 2017-10-31 | 2020-04-03 | 中国科学院南海海洋研究所 | Bottom sowing proliferation method for small-size giant clam juvenile mollusks |
| CN107897068B (en) * | 2017-10-31 | 2020-04-07 | 中国科学院南海海洋研究所 | Method for improving proliferation and releasing survival rate of artificially bred tridacna juvenile mollusks |
| CN109220768A (en) * | 2018-10-25 | 2019-01-18 | 青岛农业大学 | A kind of mussel attachment base kelp seedling intermediate breeding method |
| CN109329144A (en) * | 2018-10-25 | 2019-02-15 | 青岛农业大学 | A kind of mussel attachment base Undaria pinnitafida seedling intermediate breeding method |
| CN109329143A (en) * | 2018-10-25 | 2019-02-15 | 青岛农业大学 | A kind of mussel attachment base kelp seedling normal-temperature breeding method |
| CN109757407B (en) * | 2019-03-27 | 2022-01-04 | 海南南海热带海洋研究所 | Transplanting method of coral seedlings |
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