CN107771718B - Bottom sowing proliferation method for small-size giant clam juvenile mollusks - Google Patents
Bottom sowing proliferation method for small-size giant clam juvenile mollusks Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/50—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish
- A01K61/54—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish of bivalves, e.g. oysters or mussels
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A10/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE at coastal zones; at river basins
- Y02A10/26—Artificial reefs or seaweed; Restoration or protection of coral reefs
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
Abstract
The invention discloses a bottom sowing proliferation method of small-size tridacna juvenile mollusks. According to the bottom sowing culture method of the small-size giant clam juvenile mollusks, the biological characteristics of the giant clam juvenile mollusks are found that the giant clam juvenile mollusks have strong capacity of secreting foot silks to fix the giant clam juvenile mollusks at a small time, and the bottom sowing culture method of the small-size giant clam juvenile mollusks is created through technical means such as sea area selection, fry fixing, fry transportation, bottom sowing and stocking, nursing management and the like. According to the bottom sowing method, 5-10mm giant clams are bottom-sown to the seabed for the first time, the bottom sowing proliferation specification of giant clams is greatly reduced, the bottom sowing proliferation efficiency is improved, the common repair of various giant clams is realized, and technical support is provided for the benign and healthy development of the south China sea coral reef ecosystem, reef building and reef protection and the like. The invention has the advantages of strong practicability and easy popularization.
Description
The technical field is as follows:
the invention belongs to the technical field of shellfish breeding and proliferation in marine agriculture, and particularly relates to a bottom sowing and proliferation method of small-size tridacna juvenile mollusks.
Background art:
tridacna is a tropical marine economic shellfish, and 7 Tridacna are mainly distributed in the south sea of China and are Tridacna gigas of Cushi Tridacna, Tridacna derasa without scales, Tridacna squamosa, Tridacna maxima, giant clam Tridacna nova, giant saffron and trioyster hippopusphippophae. The tridacna shells can be used for manufacturing artware, so that the value is high, and the market is good; the meat is edible and has the effects of nourishing yin and tonifying yang.
It is known that tridacna, also known as giant tridacna, can grow to 2 meters, but not every tridacna has large shells, the maximum shell length of tridacna without scale can reach 60cm, the maximum shell length of tridacna with scale can reach 40cm, the maximum shell length of tridacna with invar can reach 30cm, and the maximum shell length of safranin is only 15 cm. Wherein the maximum tridacna can reach 500-600kg, and the maximum pink tridacna is less than 0.2 kg. How do bottom sowing proliferation of giant clams of various sizes?
The invention content is as follows:
the invention aims to provide a bottom sowing multiplication method for small-size giant clams juvenile, which firstly bottom sowing 5-10mm giant clams to the seabed, greatly reduces the bottom sowing multiplication size of giant clams, improves the bottom sowing multiplication efficiency, realizes the common restoration of various giant clams, and provides technical support for the benign and healthy development of south-sea coral reef ecosystem, reef building and reef protection and the like in China. The invention has the advantages of strong practicability and easy popularization.
The method is characterized in that the method comprises the steps of successfully culturing more than 80 tridacna seedlings, trying a plurality of artificial bottom-sowing multiplication modes of giant clams, finally groping a small-size giant clam seedling bottom-sowing multiplication method, effectively achieving the purpose of giant clam multiplication, and providing reliable technical support for artificial culture, multiplication and releasing, resource repair and the like of giant clams in south China.
The bottom sowing proliferation method of small-size giant clam juvenile shells is characterized by comprising the following steps:
a. bottom sowing sea area selection: selecting a smaller sea wave region with water depth within 8m below the lowest tide of an offshore island or an island reef, and requiring the region located at proper growth and distribution of tridacna; the sea area contains live coral, the substrate is mainly coral rock or reef, and the annual seawater salinity is above 30ppt, pH is above 8.0, and transparency is above 15 m;
b. and (3) seedling fixation: according to the biological characteristics of tridacna juvenile mollusks, when the tridacna juvenile mollusk shell grows to 1-2mm, the tridacna juvenile mollusk is implanted on the attachment base, and juvenile mollusks on the attachment base grow to 5-10mm after being artificially fed for 3-5 months and are firmly fixed on the attachment base, so that juvenile mollusks finish the attachment base fixing process;
c. and (3) seed transportation: transferring the attaching base and the fixed tridacna seedlings into a transparent plastic box, adding seawater, placing the mixture in a single layer manner, wherein the depth of the seawater in the box is preferably 3-5cm higher than that of the attaching base; ensuring that tridacna larvae are always soaked in seawater and can receive sunlight in the daytime, carrying a box of tridacna larvae onto a ship, and transporting the tridacna larvae to a bottom sowing proliferation area of a bottom sowing sea area, wherein the whole transportation time is not more than 3 d;
d. bottom sowing and breeding: after the giant clam larvae reach a bottom sowing proliferation area, firstly rinsing each attaching base with the larvae, if giant clam larvae fall down, recovering the giant clam larvae, carrying out secondary fixation, then placing the attaching bases with the giant clam larvae into a coral reef by diving, and after 2-3min, opening double shells of the young clam larvae and stretching out an outer mantle; the water depth is required to be within 8m, so that tridacna larvae can receive illumination; meanwhile, an attachment base with tridacna spats is covered by a wire mesh cover, so that harmful organisms are prevented from damaging small-sized spats;
e. maintenance management: in order to ensure that small-size giant clam seedlings grow healthily, the giant clam seedlings are submerged once every 1-2 weeks, the growth and survival conditions of the giant clam seedlings are checked through submerging, if individual falling seedlings are found, the giant clam seedlings are recovered, if the wire mesh enclosure is found to move or turn on the side, the giant clam seedlings are fixed again to ensure the protection function, after one-year maintenance, juvenile clam shells can grow to 3-12cm, shells become hard and can sensitively sense external stimulation and attack of enemies, in order to enable the juvenile clam to grow freely, the wire mesh enclosure is removed, the juvenile clam continues to grow, and after a plurality of years, the juvenile clam grows into adults.
The suitable growth distribution area of tridacna is more than 18 degrees south of north latitude in China.
The Tridacna can be Tridacna gigas, Tridacna derasa without scales, Tridacna squamosa, ostrea gigaxima, nova Tridacna nova, giant clam Tridacna crocea and trioyster Hippopus.
The method is different from a comparison file CN103238542A (Luzhou safe bottom-sowing proliferation method of tridacna giant clam), the method mainly comprises the following steps that ① is different in the purpose that wild tridacna giant clam shell adhesion base does not need giant clam giant.
The invention discloses a bottom sowing proliferation method of small-size tridacna juvenile mollusks. According to the biological characteristics of giant clam juvenile mollusks, the giant clam juvenile mollusks are found to have strong capacity of secreting foot silks to fix the giant clam juvenile mollusks at a small time, and a bottom sowing culture method of the small giant clam juvenile mollusks is created through technical means such as sea area selection, fry fixing, fry transportation, bottom sowing and stocking, nursing management and the like. According to the bottom sowing method, 5-10mm giant clams are bottom-sown to the seabed for the first time, the bottom sowing proliferation specification of giant clams is greatly reduced, the bottom sowing proliferation efficiency is improved, the common repair of various giant clams is realized, and technical support is provided for the benign and healthy development of the south China sea coral reef ecosystem, reef building and reef protection and the like. The invention has the advantages of strong practicability and easy popularization.
The specific implementation mode is as follows:
the following examples are further illustrative of the present invention and are not intended to be limiting thereof.
Example 1:
a. bottom sowing sea area selection: selecting a back slope of an offshore island and a wellhole island in Wanning City of east China of Hainan province as a bottom sowing point, wherein the sea wave with the depth of less than 8m below the lowest tide at the position is small, the water quality is clear and transparent and is more than 15m, a large amount of living corals and bottom corals exist, the salinity of the seawater in the year round is more than 30ppt, and the pH is more than 8.0;
b. and (3) seedling fixation: in 2016, at the beginning of 7 months, giant clam juvenile mollusks with shell lengths of 1-2mm are placed in a culture cylinder with a coral stone attachment base laid in advance, the giant clam juvenile mollusks are fed in a micro-flowing water and inflation mode, and after 3 months of artificial culture, juvenile mollusks on the attachment base grow to 6-10mm and are firmly fixed on the attachment base; at the moment, the shape of the juvenile mollusks is almost the same as that of the giant clams, patterns begin to appear on the mantle, and the juvenile mollusks finish the adhesion base fixation process;
c. and (3) seed transportation: selecting 30 corals (the corals attached with the juvenile mollusks in the step b), placing 15-20 juvenile mollusks on each coral, and 540 juvenile mollusks in total in 10 transparent plastic finishing boxes, placing the corals in a single layer, adding seawater, submerging the attaching base and being 5cm higher than the highest point of the attaching base, and ensuring that the fries are completely soaked in the seawater; meanwhile, the storage box can receive sunlight in the daytime, and the young shellfish can have a high survival rate; transporting the materials to a wharf of the well-adding island by using a truck, then transporting the materials to a speedboat, and transporting the materials to a propagation area of the well-adding island, wherein the whole transportation process is not more than 5 hours;
d. bottom sowing and breeding: after reaching the bottom sowing proliferation area, firstly rinsing 30 corallites with seedlings by using seawater, dropping 6 seedlings from 3 corallites, dropping none of the other 27 juvenile mollusks, recycling the dropped 6 seedlings to a culture area, and performing secondary fixation; then, 30 corallites (with seedlings) are placed in the coral reef by diving, and after 2-3min, the young shellfish is opened to form double shells and the mantle is stretched out; the depth of the stocking water is controlled to be 6-8m, the sunlight is sufficient, and tridacna sp seedlings can be enabled to receive illumination; meanwhile, an iron wire mesh cover covers corallite with the seedlings to prevent harmful organisms from damaging the small-sized shellfish seedlings;
e. maintenance management: in order to ensure the healthy growth of tridacna larvae, the tridacna larvae are submerged once every week, and the growth and survival conditions of the tridacna larvae are checked; in total, 36 seedlings which fall down individually die 21 seedlings, and 15 living individuals are recovered for secondary fixation; the iron wire mesh cover of 2 corallites is found to move and is fixed well again, so that the protection function is ensured; after one-year maintenance, 356 giant clam juvenile shells with the shell length of 5-12cm are obtained in total, the accumulated survival rate is 65.9%, the shell shells of the giant clam juvenile shells become hard, and mantle shells are very sensitive to external stimulation and enemy attack; in order to allow the young shellfish to grow freely, the iron wire net cover is removed, the young shellfish continues to grow, and after a plurality of years, the young shellfish grows into an adult.
Example 2:
a. bottom sowing sea area selection: selecting a back slope of an offshore island and a wellhole island in Wanning City of east China of Hainan province as a bottom sowing point, wherein the sea wave wind wave with the water depth within 8m below the lowest tide at the position is small, the water quality is clear and transparent and is more than 15m, a large amount of living corals and bottom corals exist, the salinity of the seawater in the year round is more than 30ppt, and the pH is more than 8.0;
b. and (3) seedling fixation: in 2016, at the beginning of 7 months, giant clam juvenile mollusks with shell lengths of 1-2mm are placed in a culture cylinder with a coral stone attachment base laid in advance, the giant clam juvenile mollusks are fed in a micro-flowing water and inflation mode, and after 3 months of artificial culture, juvenile mollusks on the attachment base grow to 6-9mm and are firmly fixed on the attachment base; at the moment, the shape of the juvenile mollusks is almost the same as that of the giant clams, patterns begin to appear on the mantle, and the juvenile mollusks finish the adhesion base fixation process;
c. and (3) seed transportation: selecting 20 corallite blocks adhered with the juvenile mollusks in the step b, wherein each corallite block is provided with 18-20 juvenile mollusks, and 380 juvenile mollusks in total are placed in 5 transparent plastic sorting boxes in a single-layer mode, then adding seawater to submerge an adhesion base for 4cm, and ensuring that the juvenile mollusks are completely soaked in the seawater; meanwhile, the storage box can receive sunlight in the daytime, and the young shellfish can have a high survival rate; transporting the goods to a wharf of the well-adding island by using a truck, then transporting the goods to a speedboat, and transporting the goods to a propagation area of the well-adding island, wherein the whole transportation process is not more than 5 hours;
d. bottom sowing and breeding: after the seedlings reach a bottom sowing proliferation area, firstly, rinsing 20 corallites with seedlings by using seawater, dropping 1 coral stone for the next 1 seedling, dropping none of 19 juvenile scallops for the other 19 corallites, and recovering the dropped 1 seedling to a culture area for secondary fixation; then 20 corallites (with seedlings) are placed in the coral reef by diving, and after 2-3min, the young shellfish is opened to form a double shell and a mantle is stretched out; the depth of the stocking water is controlled to be 5-6m, the sunlight is sufficient, and tridacna sp seedlings can be enabled to receive illumination; meanwhile, an iron wire mesh cover covers corallite with the seedlings to prevent harmful organisms from damaging the small-sized shellfish seedlings;
e. maintenance management: in order to ensure the healthy growth of tridacna larvae, the tridacna larvae are submerged once every week, and the growth and survival conditions of the tridacna larvae are checked; totally finding that 24 seedlings which fall down individually die 15 seedlings, and recovering 9 living individuals for secondary fixation; the iron wire mesh cover of 1 coral stone is found to move and is fixed well again, so that the protection function is ensured; after one-year maintenance, 275 giant clam juvenile shells with the shell length of 3-5cm are obtained in total, the cumulative survival rate is 72.4%, the shell shells of the giant clam juvenile shells become hard, and the mantle is very sensitive to external stimulation and enemy attack; in order to allow the young shellfish to grow freely, the iron wire net cover is removed, the young shellfish continues to grow, and after a plurality of years, the young shellfish grows into an adult.
Example 3:
a. bottom sowing sea area selection: the red melon reef in the Nansha cluster island in Hainan province is selected as a bottom sowing point, the sea waves in the reef with the water depth within 8m below the lowest tide of a lagoon are small, the water quality is clear and transparent and is more than 15m, a large amount of live corals and bottom corals are contained, the salinity of perennial seawater is more than 32ppt, and the pH is more than 8.1;
b. and (3) seedling fixation: placing tridacna juvenile mollusks with shell length of 1-2mm in a culture cylinder with a coral stone attachment base laid in advance in early 7 months in 2016, feeding by adopting a micro-flowing water and inflation mode, and after artificial culture for 3 months, enabling juvenile mollusks on the attachment base to grow to 5-6mm and firmly fix the juvenile mollusks on the attachment base; at the moment, the shape of the juvenile mollusks is almost the same as that of the giant clams, patterns begin to appear on the mantle, and the juvenile mollusks finish the adhesion base fixation process;
c. and (3) seed transportation: selecting 30 corals adhered with the juvenile mollusks in the step b, placing 20-30 juvenile mollusks on each corals, and totally 750 juvenile mollusks in 10 transparent plastic finishing boxes, placing the corals in a single layer, then adding seawater, submerging an adhesion base for 3cm, and ensuring that the fries are completely soaked in the seawater; meanwhile, the storage box can receive sunlight in the daytime, and the young shellfish can have a high survival rate; transporting the red melon to a pond gate port wharf by using a truck, then transporting the red melon to a scientific investigation ship, wherein the whole transportation process is not more than 7 d;
d. bottom sowing and breeding: after reaching the bottom sowing proliferation area, firstly rinsing 30 corallites with seedlings by using seawater, dropping 1 seedling from 1 corallite, dropping none of the other 29 juvenile mollusks, recycling the dropped 1 seedling to a culture area, and performing secondary fixation; then, 30 corallites (with seedlings) are placed in the coral reef by diving, and after 2-3min, the young shellfish is opened to form double shells and the mantle is stretched out; the depth of the stocking water is controlled to be 3-5m, the sunlight is sufficient, and tridacna sp seedlings can be enabled to receive illumination; meanwhile, an iron wire mesh cover covers corallite with the seedlings to prevent harmful organisms from damaging the small-sized shellfish seedlings;
e. maintenance management: in order to ensure the healthy growth of the tridacna sp seedlings, the tridacna sp seedlings are submerged once every two weeks, and the growth and survival conditions of the tridacna sp seedlings are checked; in total, 18 seedlings which fall off individually die 10 seedlings, and 8 living individuals are recovered for secondary fixation; the iron wire mesh covers of the 3 corallites are found to move and are fixed well again, so that the protection function is ensured; after one-year maintenance, 537 giant clam juvenile shells with the shell length of 3-5cm are obtained in total, the cumulative survival rate is 71.6%, the shell of the giant clam is hard, and the mantle is very sensitive to external stimulation and enemy attack; in order to allow the young shellfish to grow freely, the iron wire net cover is removed, the young shellfish continues to grow, and after a plurality of years, the young shellfish grows into an adult.
Claims (2)
1. A bottom sowing proliferation method of small-size tridacna juvenile mollusks is characterized by comprising the following steps:
a. bottom sowing sea area selection: selecting an offshore sea island or an island reef, a small sea wave area with the water depth within 8m below the lowest tide and located in a proper growth distribution area of giant clams, wherein the sea area is provided with living corals, the bottom mainly comprises corals or reefs, the annual seawater salinity is more than 30ppt, the pH is more than 8.0, and the transparency is more than 15 m;
b. and (3) seedling fixation: implanting tridacna juvenile mollusk shells on an attachment base when the tridacna juvenile mollusk shells reach 1-2mm in length, and after artificial feeding for 3-5 months, enabling juvenile mollusks on the attachment base to grow to 5-10mm and firmly fix the tridacna juvenile mollusks on the attachment base, wherein the juvenile mollusks finish the attachment base fixing process;
c. and (3) seed transportation: transferring the attaching base and the fixed giant clam shell seedlings into a transparent plastic box, adding seawater, placing the box in a single layer manner, wherein the depth of the seawater in the box is 3-5cm higher than that of the attaching base to submerge the attaching base, ensuring that the giant clam shell seedlings are always soaked in the seawater and can receive sunlight in the daytime and be transported to a bottom sowing multiplication area of a bottom sowing sea area, and the whole transportation time is not more than 3 days;
d. bottom sowing and breeding: after the seedlings reach a bottom sowing proliferation area, rinsing each attaching base with the seedlings, placing the attaching bases with giant clam seedlings into a coral reef by diving, and covering the attaching bases with giant clam seedlings by using an iron wire mesh enclosure to prevent harmful organisms from damaging small-sized clam seedlings;
e. maintenance management: the growth and survival conditions of tridacna shellfish seedlings are examined under the diving, if the iron wire mesh enclosure is found to move or turn on the side, the tridacna shellfish seedlings are fixed again to ensure the protection function, when the juvenile shellfish grows to 3-12cm, the shell becomes hard and can sensitively sense external stimulation and attack of enemy, the iron wire mesh enclosure is removed, and the juvenile shellfish continues to grow;
the Tridacna is Tridacna gigas, Tridacna derasa without scales, Tridacna squamosa, Tridacna maxima, Tridacna nova novaena nova, Tridacna crocea and/or trioyster Hippopus.
2. The bottom sowing proliferation method of small-size tridacna larvae according to claim 1, characterized in that a suitable growth distribution area of tridacna is more than 18 degrees south of north latitude in China.
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| CN108713516A (en) * | 2018-04-09 | 2018-10-30 | 中国科学院南海海洋研究所 | A method of temporarily transplanting top shell is broadcast at foster protective device and bottom |
| CN109757407B (en) * | 2019-03-27 | 2022-01-04 | 海南南海热带海洋研究所 | Transplanting method of coral seedlings |
| CN110140680B (en) * | 2019-05-14 | 2022-01-14 | 中国水产科学研究院南海水产研究所 | Bottom sowing culture method for pinctada fucata |
| CN110551826B (en) * | 2019-09-03 | 2021-07-27 | 中国科学院南海海洋研究所 | Microsatellite primer, kit and identification method for identifying crocus tridacna, tridacna and first filial generation thereof |
| CN111758624B (en) * | 2020-06-17 | 2022-03-04 | 华南农业大学 | Method for improving oyster and precious marine product culture effect and application |
| CN114451334A (en) * | 2021-11-25 | 2022-05-10 | 中国科学院南海海洋研究所 | Method for culturing giant clams in suspended net cage |
| CN114246148A (en) * | 2021-12-16 | 2022-03-29 | 中国科学院南海海洋研究所 | Method for artificial transplantation of tridacna of offshore island |
| CN114467806A (en) * | 2022-01-24 | 2022-05-13 | 中国科学院南海海洋研究所 | Cement coral sand mixed type adhesive base and manufacturing and application methods thereof |
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