CN103518657B - A kind of continental rise controlled water body intermediate cultivate method improving large nacre weed survival rate - Google Patents
A kind of continental rise controlled water body intermediate cultivate method improving large nacre weed survival rate Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种提高大珠母贝苗种成活率的中间培育方法,属于贝类养殖技术领域;由如下步骤组成:选用5-20亩的虾塘,蓄水深度1.5-2.5m,池底泥沙底质,进排水方便;施肥培养单胞藻饵料,投放凡纳滨对虾虾苗,体长1.0-1.5cm,密度2-3万尾/亩;贝苗苗种规格达到2mm左右时,将苗种从附着板转移到60目的聚乙烯网袋,密度5000-6000粒/袋,然后吊养在虾塘;养殖管理,每隔5-7天,清除网袋的附着物,洗净浮泥,保持网袋内外水流通畅;规格达到6-8mm,换用20目的网袋,密度2500-3000粒/袋;规格达到10.0-15.0mm,换用10目网袋,密度800-1000粒/袋;本工艺步骤简单,成本较低,能够有效提高大珠母贝苗种的成活率。The invention discloses an intermediate cultivation method for improving the survival rate of Pinctada maxima seedlings, which belongs to the technical field of shellfish cultivation; it consists of the following steps: select a shrimp pond of 5-20 mu, the water storage depth is 1.5-2.5m, and the pond The bottom is silt and sandy, and the drainage is convenient; fertilize and cultivate the bait of Monocellus algae, and put the shrimp seedlings of Litopenaeus vannamei, the body length is 1.0-1.5cm, and the density is 20,000-30,000/mu; when the size of the shellfish seedling reaches about 2mm , transfer the seedlings from the attachment plate to a 60-mesh polyethylene mesh bag, with a density of 5000-6000 grains/bag, and then hang them in the shrimp pond; for breeding management, remove the attachments of the mesh bag every 5-7 days, and wash them Floating mud keeps the water flow inside and outside the mesh bag smooth; if the size reaches 6-8mm, replace it with a 20-mesh mesh bag with a density of 2500-3000 grains/bag; if the size reaches 10.0-15.0mm, replace it with a 10-mesh mesh bag with a density of 800-1000 grains per bag; the process has simple steps and low cost, and can effectively improve the survival rate of pinnacle oyster seedlings.
Description
技术领域 technical field
本发明涉及一种提高大珠母贝苗种成活率的方法,具体涉及一种提高大珠母贝苗种成活率的中间培育方法,属于贝类养殖技术领域。 The invention relates to a method for improving the survival rate of pinnacle oyster seedlings, in particular to an intermediate cultivation method for improving the survival rate of pinnata pinnata seedlings, and belongs to the technical field of shellfish cultivation.
背景技术 Background technique
大珠母贝(Pinctada maxima Jameson),又称白蝶贝,是世界公认培育大型优质海水珍珠的理想母贝之一,主要分布在南太平洋的澳大利亚沿岸和西太平洋的东南亚国家近岸海域;在我国主要分布于海南省沿海、广东省雷州半岛的雷州、徐闻以及广西涠洲岛。自20世纪80年代中期之后,由于海区污染严重,生态环境遭受破坏,致使大珠母贝在自然海区的生存率低;再加上过度的海洋捕捞,大珠母贝在我国已经面临生存困境。上世纪70年代以来,我国有不少相关的科研单位及科技人员,力图从不同角度和途径去解决海区养成期间苗种的成活率问题,但一直未能获得很好的解决,这严重制约着我国大珠母贝的产业化进展。 Pinctada maxima Jameson ( Pinctada maxima Jameson), also known as white butterfly oyster, is recognized as one of the ideal mother oysters for cultivating large and high-quality seawater pearls in the world. It is mainly distributed in the coastal waters of Australia in the South Pacific and Southeast Asian countries in the West Pacific; in In China, it is mainly distributed in the coastal areas of Hainan Province, Leizhou and Xuwen in the Leizhou Peninsula of Guangdong Province, and Weizhou Island in Guangxi. Since the mid-1980s, due to the serious pollution of the sea area and the destruction of the ecological environment, the survival rate of the large pearl oyster in the natural sea area has been low; coupled with excessive marine fishing, the large pearl oyster has faced survival difficulties in my country. Since the 1970s, many relevant scientific research units and scientific and technical personnel in our country have tried to solve the problem of seedling survival rate during sea area cultivation from different angles and ways, but have not been able to obtain a good solution, which seriously restricts It is driving the industrialization progress of my country's pinnacle oyster.
为了解决海区养成期间大珠母贝低成活率的问题,我国科研人员进行了大量的研究,主要概括如下:1)养殖笼具的改进;2)室内水泥池中间育成。当苗种从育苗池转移到海区养殖过程中,影响苗种成活率的主要因素包括饵料、环境因子(温度与盐度)的变化和其它生物捕食等。因此,选用一个饵料生物丰富、相对稳定的环境能够有效提高苗种的成活率与生长率。对虾养殖池塘含有大量的硅藻与绿藻等单胞藻饵料生物,能够为贝类提供充足的饵料。同时,对虾与贝类混养,养殖的贝类以浮游植物、微生物、有机碎屑、甚至对虾粪便为食,可减少水体因有机物分解造成的水质恶化,减少了病原体、弧菌等有害菌滋生的场所,改善了养殖环境,有利于对虾快速健康生长,而且提高了饵料利用率。例如,胡家财等(1995)报道了近江牡蛎(Ostrea rivularis)和日本对虾(Penaeus japonicus)搭配养殖,对虾平均亩产量比对照单养池提高 30%,牡蛎比自然海区养殖的成活率提高 17%、出肉率增加 20.3%。 In order to solve the problem of low survival rate of Pearl oyster during cultivation in sea areas, Chinese researchers have carried out a lot of research, mainly summarized as follows: 1) Improvement of breeding cages; 2) Cultivation in the middle of indoor cement ponds. When the seed is transferred from the nursery pond to the sea area for cultivation, the main factors affecting the survival rate of the seed include changes in bait, environmental factors (temperature and salinity) and other biological predation. Therefore, choosing a bait organism rich and relatively stable environment can effectively improve the survival rate and growth rate of seedlings. Shrimp culture ponds contain a large number of diatoms and green algae and other single-celled algal food organisms, which can provide sufficient bait for shellfish. At the same time, prawns and shellfish are polycultured, and the cultured shellfish feed on phytoplankton, microorganisms, organic debris, and even prawn feces, which can reduce the deterioration of water quality caused by the decomposition of organic matter in the water body, and reduce the growth of harmful bacteria such as pathogens and Vibrio The place improves the breeding environment, is conducive to the rapid and healthy growth of prawns, and improves the utilization rate of bait. For example, Hu Jiacai et al. (1995) reported that the combined culture of near river oysters ( Ostrea rivularis ) and Japanese prawns ( Penaeus japonicus ) increased by 30% on average per mu of prawns, and the survival rate of oysters was 17% higher than that in natural sea areas. , The meat output rate increased by 20.3%.
本发明利用在对虾池塘养殖大珠母贝苗种,能够有效提高苗种的成活率,而且具有操作简便,容易推广等优点。 The invention utilizes the cultivation of the pinnata juniper seedlings in the prawn pond, can effectively improve the survival rate of the seedlings, and has the advantages of simple operation, easy popularization, and the like.
发明内容 Contents of the invention
本发明的目的在于提供一种提高大珠母贝苗种成活率的中间培育方法,能够有效提高苗种的成活率,而且具有操作简便,容易推广等优点。 The object of the present invention is to provide an intermediate cultivation method for improving the survival rate of pinnata pinnata seedlings, which can effectively improve the survival rate of seedlings, and has the advantages of simple operation and easy popularization.
为实现上述发明的目的,本发明采取的技术方案如下: For realizing the above-mentioned purpose of the invention, the technical scheme that the present invention takes is as follows:
一种提高大珠母贝苗种成活率的中间培育方法,包括如下步骤: A kind of intermediate cultivation method that improves the survival rate of pinnacle oyster seedling, comprises the steps:
(1)虾塘选择:选用5-20亩池塘,堤高2.5-3.5m,蓄水深1.5-2.5m,池底泥沙底质,进排水方便; (1) Shrimp pond selection: choose a pond of 5-20 mu, with embankment height of 2.5-3.5m, water storage depth of 1.5-2.5m, bottom of the pond with sandy texture, and easy drainage;
(2)虾苗投放:施肥培养单胞藻饵料,投放凡纳滨对虾虾苗,体长1.0-1.5cm,密度2-3万尾/亩,定期投喂人工配合饵料; (2) Shrimp feeding: Fertilize and cultivate the bait of Monocellular algae, put the shrimp seedlings of Litopenaeus vannamei, the body length is 1.0-1.5cm, the density is 20,000-30,000/mu, and the artificial bait is fed regularly;
(3)苗种培育:大珠母贝苗种规格达到2-3mm左右时,将苗种从附着板转移到60目聚乙烯网袋,然后吊养在虾塘; (3) Seed cultivation: When the size of the pearl oyster seed reaches about 2-3mm, transfer the seed from the attached plate to a 60-mesh polyethylene mesh bag, and then hang it in the shrimp pond;
(4)养殖管理:每隔5-7天,清除网袋的附着物,洗净浮泥,保持网袋内外水流通畅,并及时分苗。 (4) Breeding management: Every 5-7 days, remove the attachments of the mesh bag, wash the floating mud, keep the water flow inside and outside the mesh bag unimpeded, and divide the seedlings in time.
所述的吊养密度为5000-6000粒/袋。 The hanging density is 5000-6000 grains/bag.
所述的及时分苗,即苗种规格达到6-8mm,换用20目的网袋,密度2500-3000粒/袋;苗种规格达到10.0-15.0mm,换用10目网袋,密度800-1000粒/袋。 The timely division of seedlings, that is, when the seed size reaches 6-8mm, replace it with a 20-mesh mesh bag with a density of 2500-3000 grains/bag; if the seed size reaches 10.0-15.0mm, replace it with a 10-mesh mesh bag with a density of 800- 1000 grains/bag.
本发明的技术效果为: Technical effect of the present invention is:
(1)对虾与贝类混养,养殖的贝类以浮游植物、微生物、有机碎屑、甚至对虾粪便为食,减少水体因有机物分解造成的水质恶化,减少了病原体、弧菌等有害菌滋生的场所,改善了养殖环境,有利于大珠母贝快速健康生长,而且提高了饵料利用率; (1) Shrimp and shellfish are polycultured, and the cultured shellfish feed on phytoplankton, microorganisms, organic debris, and even shrimp feces, which reduces the deterioration of water quality caused by the decomposition of organic matter in the water body, and reduces the growth of harmful bacteria such as pathogens and Vibrio The place improves the breeding environment, which is conducive to the rapid and healthy growth of the pearl oyster, and improves the utilization rate of bait;
(3)采用该方法能够有效提高苗种的成活率,稚贝的成活率达到60~70%,比同期海区养殖的成活率提高20~30%; (3) Adopting this method can effectively improve the survival rate of seedlings, and the survival rate of juvenile shellfish reaches 60-70%, which is 20-30% higher than the survival rate of sea area culture in the same period;
(3)该培育方法具有操作简便,成本低廉,容易推广等优点。 (3) The breeding method has the advantages of simple operation, low cost and easy promotion.
具体实施方式 Detailed ways
以下结合实施例来进一步解释本发明,但实施例并不对本发明做任何形式的限定。 The present invention is further explained below in conjunction with the examples, but the examples do not limit the present invention in any form.
实施例1 Example 1
2012年4月23日,雷州海威水产养殖有限公司。利用从印尼引进的大珠母贝作为亲本繁育子代群体,浮游幼虫经过26天生长附着变态为稚贝,再经过25天的生长达到2mm规格。将苗种从附着板转移到60目的聚乙烯网袋,密度6000粒/袋,吊养在虾塘。虾塘面积为10亩,蓄水深度1.8 m,在贝苗转移到虾塘前25天,施肥培养单胞藻饵料,投放规格1.2cm 虾苗,2万尾/亩,每天投喂人工配合饵料。养殖管理:每隔7天,清洗网袋外面的附着物与淤泥;经过15天养殖,稚贝的规格达到6.5mm,换用20目聚乙烯网袋,密度3000粒/袋;再经过20天养殖,稚贝的规格达到12.3mm,换用10目聚乙烯网袋,密度1000粒/袋。虾塘育成期间,稚贝的成活率为67.4%,同期海区养殖的成活率为41.2%。 On April 23, 2012, Leizhou Haiwei Aquaculture Co., Ltd. The large pearl oyster introduced from Indonesia was used as the parent to breed the progeny group, and the planktonic larvae grew and metamorphosed into spat after 26 days, and then grew to a size of 2mm after 25 days. The seedlings were transferred from the attachment plate to a 60-mesh polyethylene mesh bag with a density of 6000 grains/bag, and they were suspended and raised in shrimp ponds. The area of the shrimp pond is 10 mu, and the water storage depth is 1.8 m. 25 days before the seedlings are transferred to the shrimp pond, fertilize and cultivate the bait of unicellular algae, put in 1.2cm shrimp seedlings, 20,000 tails/mu, and feed artificially formulated bait every day . Breeding management: every 7 days, clean the attachments and silt on the outside of the mesh bag; after 15 days of cultivation, the size of the spat reaches 6.5mm, and replace it with a 20-mesh polyethylene mesh bag with a density of 3000 grains/bag; after another 20 days For breeding, the size of juvenile shellfish reaches 12.3mm, and they are replaced with 10-mesh polyethylene mesh bags with a density of 1000 grains/bag. During the breeding period of shrimp ponds, the survival rate of juvenile shellfish was 67.4%, and the survival rate of sea area cultured in the same period was 41.2%.
实施例2 Example 2
2012年5月11日,雷州海威水产养殖有限公司。利用从印尼引进的大珠母贝作为亲本繁育子代群体,浮游幼虫经过26天生长附着变态为稚贝,再经过25天的生长达到2mm规格。将苗种从附着板转移到60目的聚乙烯网袋,密度5000粒/袋,吊养在虾塘。虾塘面积为5亩,蓄水深度1.5 m,在贝苗转移到虾塘前25天,施肥培养单胞藻饵料,投放规格1.0cm 虾苗,2万尾/亩,每天投喂人工配合饵料。养殖管理:每隔5天,清洗网袋外面的附着物与淤泥;经过15天养殖,稚贝的规格达到6.8mm,换用20目聚乙烯网袋,密度2500粒/袋;再经过20天养殖,稚贝的规格达到12.5mm,换用10目聚乙烯网袋,密度800粒/袋。虾塘育成期间,稚贝的成活率为66.5%,同期海区养殖的成活率为42.1%。 On May 11, 2012, Leizhou Haiwei Aquaculture Co., Ltd. The large pearl oyster introduced from Indonesia was used as the parent to breed the progeny group, and the planktonic larvae grew and metamorphosed into spat after 26 days, and then grew to a size of 2mm after 25 days. The seedlings were transferred from the attachment plate to a 60-mesh polyethylene mesh bag with a density of 5000 grains/bag, and were suspended in the shrimp pond. The area of the shrimp pond is 5 mu, and the water storage depth is 1.5 m. 25 days before the shellfish are transferred to the shrimp pond, fertilize and cultivate the bait of unicellular algae, put in 1.0cm shrimp seedlings, 20,000 tails/mu, and feed artificially formulated bait every day . Breeding management: every 5 days, clean the attachments and silt on the outside of the mesh bag; after 15 days of cultivation, the size of the spat reaches 6.8mm, and replace it with a 20-mesh polyethylene mesh bag with a density of 2500 grains/bag; after another 20 days For breeding, the size of juvenile shellfish reaches 12.5mm, and they are replaced with 10-mesh polyethylene mesh bags with a density of 800 grains/bag. During the breeding period of shrimp ponds, the survival rate of juvenile shellfish was 66.5%, and the survival rate of sea area cultured in the same period was 42.1%.
实施例3 Example 3
2012年6月2日,雷州海威水产养殖有限公司。利用从印尼引进的大珠母贝作为亲本繁育子代群体,浮游幼虫经过26天生长附着变态为稚贝,再经过25天的生长达到2mm规格。将苗种从附着板转移到60目的聚乙烯网袋,密度5500粒/袋,吊养在虾塘。虾塘面积为20亩,蓄水深度2.5 m,在贝苗转移到虾塘前25天,施肥培养单胞藻饵料,投放规格1.5cm 虾苗,3万尾/亩,每天投喂人工配合饵料。养殖管理:每隔6天,清洗网袋外面的附着物与淤泥;经过15天养殖,稚贝的规格达到7.0 mm,换用20目聚乙烯网袋,密度3000粒/袋;再经过20天养殖,稚贝的规格达到13.4mm,换用10目聚乙烯网袋,密度900粒/袋。虾塘育成期间,稚贝的成活率为67.7%,同期海区养殖的成活率为40.3%。 On June 2, 2012, Leizhou Haiwei Aquaculture Co., Ltd. The large pearl oyster introduced from Indonesia was used as the parent to breed the progeny group, and the planktonic larvae grew and metamorphosed into spat after 26 days, and then grew to a size of 2mm after 25 days. The seedlings were transferred from the attachment plate to a 60-mesh polyethylene mesh bag with a density of 5500 grains/bag, and were suspended in shrimp ponds. The area of the shrimp pond is 20 mu, and the water storage depth is 2.5 m. 25 days before the shellfish are transferred to the shrimp pond, fertilize and cultivate the bait of unicellular algae, put in 1.5cm shrimp seedlings, 30,000 tails/mu, and feed artificially formulated bait every day . Breeding management: every 6 days, clean the attachments and silt on the outside of the mesh bag; after 15 days of cultivation, the size of the spat reaches 7.0 mm, and replace it with a 20-mesh polyethylene mesh bag with a density of 3000 grains/bag; after another 20 days For breeding, the size of juvenile shellfish reaches 13.4mm, and they are replaced with 10-mesh polyethylene mesh bags with a density of 900 grains/bag. During the breeding period of shrimp ponds, the survival rate of juvenile shellfish was 67.7%, and the survival rate of sea area cultured in the same period was 40.3%.
实施例4 Example 4
2012年7月17日,雷州海威水产养殖有限公司。利用从印尼引进的大珠母贝作为亲本繁育子代群体,浮游幼虫经过26天生长附着变态为稚贝,再经过25天的生长达到2mm规格。将苗种从附着板转移到60目的聚乙烯网袋,密度5000粒/袋,吊养在虾塘。虾塘面积为10亩,蓄水深度2.0 m,在贝苗转移到虾塘前25天,施肥培养单胞藻饵料,投放规格1.0cm 虾苗,3万尾/亩,每天投喂人工配合饵料。养殖管理:每隔5天,清洗网袋外面的附着物与淤泥;经过15天养殖,稚贝的规格达到7.2mm,换用20目聚乙烯网袋,密度3000粒/袋;再经过20天养殖,稚贝的规格达到13.7mm,换用10目聚乙烯网袋,密度1000粒/袋。虾塘育成期间,稚贝的成活率为65.8%,同期海区养殖的成活率为39.2%。 On July 17, 2012, Leizhou Haiwei Aquaculture Co., Ltd. The large pearl oyster introduced from Indonesia was used as the parent to breed the progeny group, and the planktonic larvae grew and metamorphosed into spat after 26 days, and then grew to a size of 2mm after 25 days. The seedlings were transferred from the attachment plate to a 60-mesh polyethylene mesh bag with a density of 5000 grains/bag, and were suspended in the shrimp pond. The area of the shrimp pond is 10 mu, and the water storage depth is 2.0 m. 25 days before the shrimp seedlings are transferred to the shrimp pond, fertilize and cultivate the single-celled algae bait, put in 1.0cm shrimp seedlings, 30,000 tails/mu, and feed artificially formulated bait every day . Breeding management: every 5 days, clean the attachments and silt on the outside of the mesh bag; after 15 days of cultivation, the size of the spat reaches 7.2mm, and replace it with a 20-mesh polyethylene mesh bag with a density of 3000 grains/bag; after another 20 days For breeding, the size of juvenile shellfish reaches 13.7mm, and they are replaced with 10-mesh polyethylene mesh bags with a density of 1000 grains/bag. During the breeding period of shrimp ponds, the survival rate of juvenile shellfish was 65.8%, and the survival rate of sea area cultured in the same period was 39.2%.
实施例5 Example 5
2012年8月23日,雷州海威水产养殖有限公司。利用从印尼引进的大珠母贝作为亲本繁育子代群体,浮游幼虫经过26天生长附着变态为稚贝,再经过25天的生长达到2mm规格。将苗种从附着板转移到60目的聚乙烯网袋,密度6000粒/袋,吊养在虾塘。虾塘面积为10亩,蓄水深度1.8 m,在贝苗转移到虾塘前25天,施肥培养单胞藻饵料,投放规格1.2cm 虾苗,2.5万尾/亩,每天投喂人工配合饵料。养殖管理:每隔7天,清洗网袋外面的附着物与淤泥;经过15天养殖,稚贝的规格达到7.0mm,换用20目聚乙烯网袋,密度2500粒/袋;再经过20天养殖,稚贝的规格达到12.5mm,换用10目聚乙烯网袋,密度800粒/袋。虾塘育成期间,稚贝的成活率为68.3%,同期海区养殖的成活率为42.6%。 On August 23, 2012, Leizhou Haiwei Aquaculture Co., Ltd. The large pearl oyster introduced from Indonesia was used as the parent to breed the progeny group, and the planktonic larvae grew and metamorphosed into spat after 26 days, and then grew to a size of 2mm after 25 days. The seedlings were transferred from the attachment plate to a 60-mesh polyethylene mesh bag with a density of 6000 grains/bag, and they were suspended and raised in shrimp ponds. The area of the shrimp pond is 10 mu, and the water storage depth is 1.8 m. 25 days before the shellfish are transferred to the shrimp pond, fertilize and cultivate the bait of unicellular algae, put in 1.2cm shrimp seedlings, 25,000 tails/mu, and feed the artificial bait every day . Breeding management: every 7 days, clean the attachments and silt on the outside of the mesh bag; after 15 days of cultivation, the size of the spat reaches 7.0mm, and replace it with a 20-mesh polyethylene mesh bag with a density of 2,500 grains/bag; after another 20 days For breeding, the size of juvenile shellfish reaches 12.5mm, and they are replaced with 10-mesh polyethylene mesh bags with a density of 800 grains/bag. During the breeding period of shrimp ponds, the survival rate of juvenile shellfish was 68.3%, and the survival rate of sea area cultured in the same period was 42.6%.
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