CN102349463B - Biological cultivation method for mulch film enclosure pond of blue crab seedling - Google Patents
Biological cultivation method for mulch film enclosure pond of blue crab seedling Download PDFInfo
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- CN102349463B CN102349463B CN2011102581053A CN201110258105A CN102349463B CN 102349463 B CN102349463 B CN 102349463B CN 2011102581053 A CN2011102581053 A CN 2011102581053A CN 201110258105 A CN201110258105 A CN 201110258105A CN 102349463 B CN102349463 B CN 102349463B
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
Abstract
The invention discloses a biological cultivation method for a mulch film enclosure pond of a blue crab seedling. The biological cultivation method comprises the steps of building of the pond, cultivation of egg carrying crabs, water quality cultivation and management, larva feeding and seedling fishing. The pond is mainly built in south-east coastal areas with convenient seawater and freshwater sources and comprises a water reservoir and a seedling growing pond, wherein the ratio of the water reservoir to the seedling growing pond is 1:10; and the whole seedling growing pond is covered by a geomembrane and is completely separated from soil. According to the biological cultivation method disclosed by the invention, the enclosure pond is built and a pond water body is separated from the soil so as to benefit the biological guidance of the pond, provide more comprehensive and abundant bait for larva, meet the nutrient requirement of the growth and development of the larva and create a suitable biological environment; meanwhile, the invasion of enemy organisms is avoided and the breeding rate is improved. The culture pond biological system is artificially built, maintained and restored so as to achieve the goal of industrial production of seedlings.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of technical field of aquaculture, specifically a kind of by building mulch film enclosure pond, and utilize artificial foundation, safeguard and repair pond ecosystem and bring up the method for crab seedling.
Background technology
Mud crab is distributed widely in China's southeastern coast, is one of precious precious marine product, and important cultivation kind cultivates the history that last 100 years is arranged in China, and the highest cultured output of National History is once 100,000 tons of left and right.
In recent years, the blue crab cultivation industry is in serious atrophy situation.Analyze reason, the one, fry production process is not yet obtained the breakthrough of essence, and artificial seed's shared ratio in the cultivation seed is only 10%.Rely on the wild seed, cause breeding production there is no stable seed supply and industry development is had difficulty in taking a step.Disease can not get effectively preventing for a long time in addition, is that large-scale atrophy fundamental cause appears in industry.
The slump of disastrous proportions in recent years of ocean mud crab resource.Traditional sea area, crab seedling source, do not had the seedling flood to occur,, as the sea area, Haining of Hangzhou Wan, is the important natural seeding, wild fry producing region of the our province eighties, now without seedling, can catch.The natural germplasm resource is subject to severe contamination, according to investigations, since the nineties, 40000 mu of Ninghai County, Zhejiang Province cultured area, nearly all seed all derives from Sea Area in Fujian " mud crab ", and mud crab escapes and causes mud crab resource in marine resources germplasm hybridization phenomenon to occur.
The problem that at first resource recovery and aquaculture development solve is to break through artificial seed's industrialization and improved variety.Therefore, research and develop new rearing of fingerling, large-scale production high-quality seed, be the key of revitalizing the mud crab industry and recovering natural resources, and very urgent.
Domestic and international research situation.The few mountain valley with clumps of trees and bamboo professor of Lee of China Xiamen University is representative, and the mechanism of tissue biological of mud crab, reproductive biology, reproductive development and nutritional need etc. have been carried out systematic research.The current research mud crab belongs to and is divided into 4 kinds, mud crab, purple chela mud crab, Scylla paramamosain, olive malachite crab, and the kind of Zhejiang sea is Scylla paramamosain; A large amount of research is also being done by Donghai Aquatic Products Inst., China Aquatic Science Research Academy aspect the artificial breeding of mud crab.Mud crab seedlings industrialization production aspect, ocean research place, Guangxi obtains important breakthrough; Mud crab artificial breeding research is for many years carried out in Ningbo City marine and fisheries research institute, has accumulated lot of experimental data and experience.1994, China successfully realized the mud crab factorial seedling growth first at home, but because factory cost is high, larval metamorphosis is that after young crab, survival rate is generally lower, has hindered the scale of mud crab artificial breeding and the development of aquaculture.
The countries such as external Australia, Philippine, Indonesia, Vietnam attach great importance to the commercial development of mud crab seedlings, for many years still rest on aspect and the bench-scale testing stage of artificial breeding technique basic research, not yet making a breakthrough aspect the industrialization production technology.
The mud crab seedlings technology of cultivating was all taked the method for industrial artificial seedling rearing both at home and abroad in the past, and the parent of mud crab all derives from the wild crab in nature marine site, and the seed incubation rate of artificial culture parent crab is very low.Someone infers, mud crab seedlings is cultivated requirement for environment and nutrition higher than other crab classes, the ovum that the close crab of artificial culture produces, may there is inborn auxotrophy, and industrial artificial seedling rearing exists feed nutrition can not meet the nutritional need that larval growth is grown, can not complete smoothly the metamorphosis of young overall process, finally cause metamorphosis low.Therefore, innovate a kind of new seedling-cultivating method, cultivation and maintenance by the ecosystem, ensure the demand of the aspects such as young nutrition, environment, thereby make up inborn deficiency, reaches scale and stable seed productive target." crab seedling enclosure pond biological breeding method ", take the technology of biological breeding, relatively the mud crab factorial seedling-culturing method, solved mud crab kind crab and Larval quality inadequate natural endowment technically, the difficult problem that the larval culture survival rate is low, can obtain large-scale output.Technology maturity is high, the characteristics that production stability is good.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to defect and deficiency for above-mentioned prior art, provide by building the enclosure pond, and utilize artificial foundation, safeguard and repair pond ecosystem and bring up the method for crab seedling.
The technical solution used in the present invention is for achieving the above object: this biological cultivation method for mulch film enclosure pond of blue crab seedling, and cultivation and regulation and control, the young that it comprises cultivation, the pond ecosystem of construction, the ovigerous crab in following pond thrown something and fed, these steps of seed catching:
1) construction in pond
Pond is built in southeastern coast zone in the sea water and fresh water convenient sources, pond comprises cistern and nursery pond, and the ratio of cistern and nursery pond is 1:10, and whole nursery pond covers with antiseepage film, contacting of isolation and soil, be provided with drainpipe and infiltration drainpipe inside and outside antiseepage film fully.
2) cultivation of ovigerous crab
The female crab of mud crab after selection is survived the winter, crab body health,, without any disability, more than the gonad development IV phase, being placed in indoor pond and cultivating, in pond, local paving is husky, places hidden device; Water temperature 25-30 ℃, salinity 25-30 ‰, and feed is fed shellfish, and water is through disinfecting, and day quantity of exchanged water 5-15%, inflated, more than keeping dissolved oxygen 5mg/L in 24 hours; Through the approximately cultivation of 5-20 days, the crab oogenesis; Crab ovum look becomes grey black, embryonic development to heartbeat 120 times/minute, ovigerous crab is moved in incubator box one, each case, and access a gas exhausting stone; 5-7 ovigerous crab put in every pond, grasps the crab ovum and concentrates on hatching in 2 days, ten thousand/m of young density 2.0-2.5
3
3) cultivation of pond ecosystem and regulation and control
15-20 days before hatching larvae, the cistern water inlet, with bleaching powder 50mg/L sterilization, after 5 days, with the water suction nursery pond of cistern, water level 80cm; After the nursery pond water inlet, throw and execute the planktonic algae nutrient, the each 5mg/L of consumption,, nitrogenous fertilizer 10mg/L, phosphate fertilizer 1mg/L, silicate 0.5mg/L, cultivate take diatom as main planktonic algae, grasps planktonic algae density 5-10 * 10
5Cells/L, transparency is the 40cm left and right approximately; Often observe state and the density of planktonic algae and zooplankton, add algae nutrient and the prawn manufactured feed of throwing something and feeding, keep good algae state and the quantity in pond, middle and later periods planktonic algae density 20-30 * 10
5Cells/L; After larval culture 15 days, mudhole is discharged the sewage of nursery pond bottom, and injects new water in nursery pond, and quantity of exchanged water is the 1/8-1/5 of nursery pond Chi Shui, changes once newly water every 3 days later, at larval metamorphosis to Z
4After, the new water that injects toward nursery pond changes fresh water into, makes salinity be reduced to 20-25 ‰.
4) young is thrown something and fed
After hatching larvae, throw something and feed a small amount of spirulina powder and japonicus manufactured feed, each 1mg/L of consumption, every day 3 times, the wheel animalcule of throwing something and feeding, density is 40-60 tail/mL, every day 2-3 time, paedomorphosis metamorphosis is to zoea III (Z
3) after, the fairy shrimp young that starts to throw something and feed,, afterwards along with the paedomorphosis progress, strengthen the density of throwing something and feeding, and from 20-30 tail/mL, increases to 40-60 tail/mL; Abnormal to the megalops larva stage, increase and throw fairy shrimp adult, young crab I～II phase (C
1-C
2) stage, the fairy shrimp adult of throwing something and feeding freezing and fish, shellfish gruel, feeding volume is the 100%-200% of young TBW.
5) seed catching
Larval metamorphosis, to megalops larva, takes the method for night lights trapping to fish for, and the young is moved into indoor the cultivation; Fish for the unclean young, in former pond, continue to cultivate to young crab, take the method for drawing in the net and the method that drains water to fish for.
Described nursery pond is shaped as square or rectangular, each pond area 300-500 m
2, the dark 1.2-1.5m in pond, 1:1 is compared on slope.
The bottom of described nursery pond surrounding and nursery pond arranges fixedly ditch of mulch film, at mulch film, fixedly is placed with stone in ditch, at the bottom of making antiseepage film be fixed on nursery pond.
Described wheel animalcule is by special pond rearing, and the area in wheel animalcule pond accounts for the ratio 1/5-1/8 of the pond area of growing seedlings.
The present invention is by building the enclosure pond, with pond waters and soil isolation, be conducive to the ecological guiding in pond, provide the young more comprehensively and abundant bait, meet the nutritional need that larval growth is grown, avoid simultaneously the invasion of harmful organisms, improve incubation rate,, owing to cultivating passing through artificial foundation, maintenance and repairing of pond ecological system, realized the target that the seed industrialization is produced.
Embodiment
Embodiment:
1) construction in pond
Be chosen in the coastal region that Ningbo City, Zhejiang Province is positioned at the Xiangshan Bay side, water quality meets the nuisanceless freshwater aquiculture water quality of NY 5051-2001, the nuisanceless food mariculture of NY 5052-2001 water quality requirement, sea water and fresh water convenient sources.
Build pond, the dark 1.2m in pond, slope is than 1:1, and whole nursery pond covers with antiseepage film, and contacting of isolation and soil, can not leak fully, and the antiseepage film specification is 190g/cm
2Above.Chi Di offers mudhole in center, and size is 40cm * 40cm.A small amount of infiltration is arranged at the bottom of the mulch pond pond, tend to cause the antiseepage film bulge phenomenon, cause the antiseepage film floating.Can take the method for excavation row infiltration ditch at the bottom of pond, centered by mudhole, to the cross infiltration ditch of four directions excavation, ditch is connected with mudhole, fills with stone in ditch width 35cm, ditch, seeps water and is pooled to the osculum discharge.
2) cultivation of ovigerous crab
Mud crab mother crab after before and after early April, selection is survived the winter, the crab body is healthy,, without any disability, more than the gonad development IV phase, is placed in indoor pond and cultivates, and in pond, the local sand that spreads, place hidden device; The black door curtain made of cloth is added a cover at the top, pond, carries out shading, water temperature 25-30 ℃, and salinity 25-30 ‰, and feed is fed shellfish, and water is through disinfecting, and day quantity of exchanged water 5-15%, inflated, more than keeping dissolved oxygen 5mg/L in 24 hours.General cultivation through 5-20 days, plant crab and lay eggs, then through the cultivation of about 15 days, the ripe hatching of ovum embryonic development, brooding time is chosen in the first tenday period of a month in late April to May, takes to reconcile the method for water temperature, controls brooding time.
3) retaining and sterilization
15-20 days before hatching larvae, the cistern water inlet, with bleaching powder 50mg/L sterilization, after 5 days, with the water suction nursery pond of cistern, water level 80cm.
4) water body is cultivated
After nursery pond water inlet, throw and execute the nutrient 5mg/L of planktonic algae, cultivating diatom is main algae, imposes the 5mg/L nutrient after 5 days, and appropriate nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer etc., water colour to be to be yellow green the best, transparency 40cm, algae density 5-10 * 10
5Cells/L.
5) hatching
Crab ovum look becomes and to be grey black, embryonic development to heartbeat 120 times/minute, ovigerous crab is moved in incubator box, one, each case, and access a gas exhausting stone inflation, the young that 5-7 ovigerous crab hatched is put in every pond, rest in two days and all hatch the young, young density is at 2.0-2.5 ten thousand tails/m
3
6) young is thrown something and fed
After hatching larvae, throw something and feed a small amount of spirulina powder and japonicus manufactured feed, each 1mg/L of consumption, every day 3 times, the wheel animalcule of throwing something and feeding, density is 40-60 tail/mL, every day 2-3 time, paedomorphosis metamorphosis is to zoea III (Z
3) after, the fairy shrimp young that starts to throw something and feed,, afterwards along with the paedomorphosis progress, strengthen the density of throwing something and feeding, and from 20-30 tail/mL, increases to 40-60 tail/mL.Abnormal to the megalops larva stage, increase and throw fairy shrimp adult, young crab I～II phase (C
1-C
2) stage, the fairy shrimp adult of throwing something and feeding freezing and fish, shellfish gruel, feeding volume is the 100%-200% of young TBW.The feeding volume of young bait can reference table 1.
Table 1: young feedstuff feeding reference table
7) water quality management
Measure water quality index every day, observe phytoplankton state, quantity, in time add algae nutrient and nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and silicate etc., keep the good state of algae and suitable density, the middle and later periods algae density is 20-30 * 10
5Cells/L.The sewage of larval culture mudhole discharge nursery pond bottom after 15 days, and inject new water in nursery pond, quantity of exchanged water is the 1/8-1/5 of nursery pond Chi Shui, changes once new water every 3 days later.At larval metamorphosis to Z
4After, the new water that injects toward nursery pond changes fresh water into, makes salinity be reduced to 20 ‰.
Experimental period be May 29 to June 20, the variations in temperature in experimental session pond is in Table 1; The salinity of experimental session changes in Table 3.
Table 2: pond variations in temperature
Table 3: the pond salinity changes
8) seed catching
When megalops larva is arrived in the whole metamorphosis of the young, take the method for night lights trapping to fish for, change the young over to indoor pond and cultivate; Fish for the unclean young, cultivate young crab in former pond, young crab is fished for the method for taking to draw in the net or draining water.
Comparative Examples 1: the contrast that batch production indoor raising of seedling and mulch film enclosure pond biological breeding method are grown seedlings is in Table 2.
Table 4:
?
Comparative Examples 1: the contrast of growing seedlings with mulch film enclosure pond biological breeding method of growing seedlings of common pond sees the following form 3.
Table 5:
Associative list 4, table 5 can find out, not only output is high for crab seedling mulch film enclosure pond biological breeding method, and cost of investment is low, and the seed quality is good.
Claims (4)
1. biological cultivation method for mulch film enclosure pond of blue crab seedling is characterized in that cultivation and regulation and control, the young that it comprises cultivation, the pond ecosystem of construction, the ovigerous crab in following pond are thrown something and fed, these steps of seed catching:
1) construction in pond
Pond is built in southeastern coast zone in the sea water and fresh water convenient sources, pond comprises cistern and nursery pond, and the ratio of cistern and nursery pond is 1:10, and whole nursery pond covers with antiseepage film, contacting of isolation and soil, be provided with drainpipe and infiltration drainpipe inside and outside antiseepage film fully;
2) cultivation of ovigerous crab
The female crab of mud crab after selection is survived the winter, crab body health,, without any disability, more than the gonad development IV phase, being placed in indoor pond and cultivating, in pond, local paving is husky, places hidden device; Water temperature 25-30 ℃, salinity 25-30 ‰, and feed is fed shellfish, and water is through disinfecting, and day quantity of exchanged water 5-15%, inflated, more than keeping dissolved oxygen 5mg/L in 24 hours; Through the cultivation of 5-20 days, crab oogenesis; Crab ovum look becomes grey black, embryonic development to heartbeat 120 times/minute, ovigerous crab is moved in incubator box one, each case, and access a gas exhausting stone; Each nursery pond is put into 5-7 ovigerous crab, grasps the crab ovum and concentrates on hatching in 2 days, ten thousand/m of young density 2.0-2.5
3
3) cultivation of pond ecosystem and regulation and control
15-20 days before hatching larvae, the cistern water inlet, with bleaching powder 50mg/L sterilization, after 5 days, with the water suction nursery pond of cistern, water level 80cm; After the nursery pond water inlet, throw and execute the planktonic algae nutrient, the each 5mg/L of consumption, nitrogenous fertilizer 10mg/L, phosphate fertilizer 1mg/L, silicate 0.5mg/L, cultivate take diatom as main planktonic algae, grasps planktonic algae density 5-10 * 10
5Cells/L, transparency is 40cm; Often observe state and the density of planktonic algae and zooplankton, add algae nutrient and the prawn manufactured feed of throwing something and feeding, keep good algae state and the quantity in pond, the middle and later periods algae density 20-30 that grows seedlings * 10
5Cells/L; After larval culture 15 days, mudhole is discharged the sewage of nursery pond bottom, and injects new water in nursery pond, and quantity of exchanged water is the 1/8-1/5 of nursery pond Chi Shui, changes once newly water every 3 days later, at larval metamorphosis to Z
4After, the new water that injects toward nursery pond changes fresh water into, makes salinity be reduced to 20-25 ‰;
4) young is thrown something and fed
After hatching larvae, throw something and feed a small amount of spirulina powder and japonicus manufactured feed, each 1mg/L of consumption, every day 3 times, the wheel animalcule of throwing something and feeding, density is 40-60 tail/mL, every day 2-3 time, paedomorphosis metamorphosis is to zoea III (Z
3) after, the fairy shrimp young that starts to throw something and feed,, afterwards along with the paedomorphosis progress, strengthen the density of throwing something and feeding, and from 20-30 tail/mL, increases to 40-60 tail/mL; Abnormal to the megalops larva stage, increase and throw fairy shrimp adult, young crab I～II phase (C
1-C
2) stage, the fairy shrimp adult of throwing something and feeding freezing and fish, shellfish gruel, feeding volume is the 100%-200% of young TBW;
5) seed catching
Larval metamorphosis, to megalops larva, takes the method for night lights trapping to fish for, and the young is moved into indoor the cultivation; Fish for the unclean young, in former pond, continue to cultivate to young crab, take the method for drawing in the net and the method that drains water to fish for.
2. biological cultivation method for mulch film enclosure pond of blue crab seedling according to claim 1, is characterized in that described nursery pond is shaped as square or rectangular, each pond area 300-500 m
2, the dark 1.2-1.5m in pond, 1:1 is compared on slope.
3. biological cultivation method for mulch film enclosure pond of blue crab seedling according to claim 1 and 2, the bottom that it is characterized in that described nursery pond surrounding and nursery pond arranges fixedly ditch of mulch film, fixedly be placed with stone in ditch at mulch film, at the bottom of making antiseepage film be fixed on nursery pond.
4. biological cultivation method for mulch film enclosure pond of blue crab seedling according to claim 3, is characterized in that described wheel animalcule by special pond rearing, and the area in wheel animalcule pond accounts for the ratio 1/5-1/8 of the pond area of growing seedlings.
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| CN102884995A (en) * | 2012-09-21 | 2013-01-23 | 中国水产科学研究院东海水产研究所 | Desalination cultivation method for green mud crab early larvae |
| CN103141422A (en) * | 2013-03-18 | 2013-06-12 | 中国水产科学研究院东海水产研究所 | Cultivation method for green crab seedlings in pond |
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| CN105145424A (en) * | 2015-08-04 | 2015-12-16 | 厦门大学 | Culturing method for blue crab egg-carrying crab phase |
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| CN106719255B (en) * | 2016-12-29 | 2018-06-08 | 丁茂昌 | A kind of prawn nursery pond and apply its prawn seed-rearing method |
| CN107410146B (en) * | 2017-06-16 | 2019-07-26 | 安徽省农业科学院水产研究所 | A kind of construction method in the fry rearing pond based on geomembrane |
| CN109644910B (en) * | 2019-01-10 | 2021-10-29 | 汕头大学 | Pond cultivation method for scylla paramamosain flea larvae and megalops larvae |
| CN112825800A (en) * | 2019-11-05 | 2021-05-25 | 楚雄天盛农业发展有限公司 | Culture mode suitable for developing shrimp and crab products by plateau land resources |
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