CN109644910B - Pond cultivation method for scylla paramamosain flea larvae and megalops larvae - Google Patents
Pond cultivation method for scylla paramamosain flea larvae and megalops larvae Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/50—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish
- A01K61/59—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish of crustaceans, e.g. lobsters or shrimps
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G33/00—Cultivation of seaweed or algae
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/20—Culture of aquatic animals of zooplankton, e.g. water fleas or Rotatoria
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- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
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- C12N1/00—Microorganisms, e.g. protozoa; Compositions thereof; Processes of propagating, maintaining or preserving microorganisms or compositions thereof; Processes of preparing or isolating a composition containing a microorganism; Culture media therefor
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- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
Abstract
The invention relates to a pond culture method of scylla paramamosain flea larvae and megalops larvae. In the invention, 1 crab with eggs is placed in each 100 cubic meters of water, the egg-carrying amount is about 100 ten thousand, and the density of the hatched flea larvae in the I stage is controlled to be about 1 ten thousand per cubic meter. In addition, a proper amount of copepods are put into the pond at the later stage of the flea larva in the IV stage, and in the V stage of the flea larva, the copepods and larger artemia nauplii are used as main baits, so that the baits are rich in biological species and balanced and comprehensive in nutrition, the cultured larva is high in growth speed, uniform in specification, good in physique and body color and high in survival rate, the water quality is stable, and a large water change amount is not needed; can greatly reduce the seedling raising cost and increase the seedling raising income. The method has the advantages of low threshold, low production cost, strong stability, easy mastering and the like, and is suitable for popularization and promotion, thereby effectively promoting the sustainable and healthy development of the blue crab industry in China.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of fry cultivation of aquaculture, and particularly relates to a pond cultivation method of scylla paramamosain flea-shaped larvae and megalops.
Background
Scylla paramamosain (commonly called blue crab) belongs to carnivorous, euryhaline and euryhwarm seawater economic crustacean, has large individual, delicious taste and high growth speed, can be transported away from water, and is one of important ocean economic culture crabs in southeast coastal areas of China. In recent years, the cultivation of the blue crabs is vigorously developed in coastal provinces in south China, the cultivation area is close to 3 ten thousand hectares, the annual output exceeds 15 million tons (Chinese fishery statistics yearbook, 2017), however, compared with the artificial seedlings of the eriocheir sinensis reaching 95 percent and the artificial seedlings of the portunid reaching 70 percent, the seedlings of the cultivation of the blue crabs almost totally depend on wild seedlings in natural sea areas. Because wild fries have various uncertain factors such as unstable quantity and quality, easy carrying of germs and the like and cannot meet the requirements of vast farmers on the fries, the large-scale breeding of the artificial blue crab fries is an important guarantee for the sustainable development of the blue crab industry.
With regard to the research on artificial breeding of blue crabs, scholars at home and abroad have carried out a great deal of experimental research work since the 80 s of the 20 th century, and have succeeded in small-batch breeding. However, under the influence of factors such as input-output ratio, artificial breeding of blue crabs is limited to a small-batch production stage, the breeding technology of blue crabs is not successful and popular at present, breeding seedlings are mainly natural seedlings in sea areas, and unstable seedling supply becomes one of important bottlenecks restricting industrial development. Therefore, a juvenile crab cultivation technology which has the advantages of low intervention threshold, good stability, low seedling cultivation cost and easy mastering is urgently needed, particularly a juvenile crab early-stage (flea juvenile stage and eye juvenile stage) cultivation technology is needed to get rid of the problems that cultivation seedlings depend on natural juvenile crabs, the death rate of the juvenile crabs in the cultivation process is high and the like, and further the health and the rapid development of the juvenile crab industry are promoted.
An industrial seedling raising method for blue crabs is disclosed in the industrial seedling raising technology for blue crabs (the 1 st stage in 2010, Anfu sea, and the like), but an industrial workshop needs to be built firstly when the blue crabs are subjected to industrial seedling raising, and facilities for heat supply, air supply, water supply, illumination control and the like are arranged, so that the investment of constructing a 1000 square meter industrial seedling raising field is at least 30-40 ten thousand yuan. In addition, the bait organisms during the seedling raising period are all cultured and thrown artificially, the seedling distribution density of each pond is about 100/ml, 20-30 rotifers with higher density are cultured in the Z1-Z2 stage, the water quality is controlled to be stable through changing a large amount of water, and the seedling raising cost is higher. Under the influence of the factors, the industrial breeding mode of the blue crabs is difficult to popularize and popularize.
An ecological breeding method for a blue crab pond (application publication No. CN 102090356A) discloses an ecological breeding method for a blue crab pond, but in the ecological breeding method for the blue crab pond, 1-2 egg-carrying crabs are put in each mu of the pond (the density of larvae is only 1500 plus 3000 per cubic meter according to 100 million flea-shaped larvae hatched out of each egg-carrying crab in the I stage), the ecological breeding density is far lower than the stocking density of industrialized larvae (about 10 million per cubic meter), and the input-output ratio is large. In addition, artemia nauplii are used as main baits for culturing the daphnia-shaped larvae, in recent years, as the quantity of artemia resources in the international market is reduced, the price of artemia eggs which is used as the main cost for culturing the green crabs is increased year by year (the price of the artemia eggs in 2018 is 200 yuan/jin and is 2 times of the price in 2017), and the uncertainty of the seedling culturing cost has great influence on the seedling culturing enthusiasm of seedling production units.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a pond culture method for scylla paramamosain flea larvae and megalops larvae, which aims to solve the problems in the prior art.
A pond culture method of scylla paramamosain flea larvae and megalops larvae mainly comprises the following steps:
(1) preparation of cultivation ponds
The seedling raising pond requires convenient traffic and sufficient supply of electric power, seawater and fresh water; wherein the salinity of the seawater is not less than 25 per thousand, the pH value is stabilized between 7.8 and 8.5, and the water quality accords with the national and industrial regulations. The bottom of the pool is watertight and water-proof. The depth of the pond pool is not less than 1.5 meters, and an oxygen aeration disc is arranged every 30 to 50 square meters. About 10 days before the seedlings are distributed, the seawater is filtered by 80 cm deep sand, and chlorine-containing disinfectants such as bleaching powder or strong chlorine concentrate are used for killing harmful organisms (the effective chlorine concentration is more than 10 mg/L) in the water body, such as pathogenic microorganisms, moss spores, barnacles, wild trash fish seedlings and the like.
(2) Cultivation of food organisms
After 2 days of disinfection, the residual chlorine content in the water was measured with a residual chlorine detection kit, and then the residual chlorine was neutralized with sodium thiosulfate. After the residual chlorine disappears, compound fertilizer (10ppm) and urea (5ppm) are sprinkled in the whole pool, and 5-10 cm deep sea chlorella liquid is added, and the color of water is light yellow green. When the color of the pond water changes to dark green (culturing for 4-5 days), the pond is inoculated with rotifers, and the inoculation density is 3-5/ml. After 3-5 days, when the density of the rotifer reaches 8-10/ml, the seedlings can be distributed.
(3) Cloth seedling
When the color of the crab eggs becomes grey black and the heartbeat frequency reaches 150 beats/minute (about 10 days), the crab eggs are about to hatch. In order to prevent ciliates or other pathogenic organisms carried by the crab with eggs from entering the nursery pond, the crab with eggs needs to be put into 20ppm formaldehyde solution for medicated bath for 1-2 hours before hatching. Then the crab with eggs to be incubated is independently put into an incubation frame and hung in a pond. After hatching, the young seedlings can swim into the pond through the wall holes of the hatching frame. In order to maintain the chlorella and rotifer in stable abundance, 1 egg-carrying crab (about 100 ten thousand eggs in egg-carrying amount) is placed in each 100 cubic meters of water, and the density of the hatched flea larvae in the I stage is controlled to be about 1 ten thousand per cubic meter. Meanwhile, in order to prevent mutual killing of the seedlings caused by size difference in the later period, the time difference of putting the seedlings into the same pond cannot exceed 2 days.
(4) Bait biological throwing
The cultivation of scylla paramamosain in flea larva stage and megalopa period mainly passes through six stages of cultivation of flea larva in I, II, III, IV and V stages and cultivation of megalopa larva stage, and along with the growth and development of the larva, different bait organisms are required to be put in according to the feeding habits of different growth stages.
Flea larvae stage i (Z1): the larvae last for 2-3 days. The rotifer and chlorella are already enough to be used as initial feed for the larvae in the pond, and the larvae do not need additional bait organisms in the period.
Flea larvae stage ii (Z2): the larvae last for 2-3 days. On the following day of the phase II transition to the flea larvae, artemia nauplii were dosed daily (18 hours of incubation) into the pond at a density of 0.5-1 nauplii per ml. As a large amount of rotifers (3-5/ml) are still arranged in the pond at the moment, rotifers do not need to be supplemented.
Flea larvae stage iii (Z3): the larvae last for 3-4 days. The larva takes artemia nauplii as main bait, the artemia nauplii are thrown into the pond 2-3 times a day, and the density of the nauplii is maintained at 0.5-1/ml.
Flea larvae stage iv (Z4): the larvae last for 3-4 days. The larvae still use artemia nauplii as main feed at this stage. But the hatching time of the artemia nauplii is prolonged from the earlier stage, and the hatching time can be prolonged from 18 hours to 24 hours; the artemia nauplii are thrown into the pond 2-3 times a day, and the density of the nauplii is maintained at 0.5-1/ml. In addition, in the later stage of the flea larva in the IV stage, a proper amount of copepods can be put into the pond.
Flea larvae stage v (Z5): the larvae last for 3-4 days. The larvae in this stage take copepods and larger artemia nauplii as main feeds. Maintaining the copepod density at 1-3/ml; the pond is thrown with artemia nauplii which have a longer incubation time (30-36 hours) and the density is maintained at 0.5-1/ml.
Larval stage (M): the larvae last for 6-8 days. The larvae in this stage take artemia salina, minced trash fish meat and copepods as main baits. Frozen adult artemia salina and shellfish meat fragments washed out by a 20-mesh screen are put into the pond twice a day in the morning and at night, and the daily putting amount is 30-50 g/cubic meter.
In conclusion, during the phases Z1 and Z2, a sufficient amount of palatable starter feed (rotifers) should be maintained in the water body; the Z3, Z4 and Z5 stages should maintain the density of artemia nauplii in the water body at 0.5-1/ml. After the larvae have developed to the larval larvae (M), a suitable amount of low value fish, ground shellfish or frozen artemia can be added.
(5) Ecological regulation and control of water quality
Different from the large amount of water change in the later stage of cement pond seedling raising, the water change is not needed in the pond seedling raising process, but a certain amount of seawater and single-cell algae solution are added regularly (2-3 days) in the I stage and the II stage of the flea larvae, and the adding amount is 3-5% of the total volume. The addition of the unicellular algae can reduce the contents of ammonia nitrogen and nitroso nitrogen in the culture environment, and effectively improve the survival rate and the emergence rate of the larvae; in addition, in the middle and later period of seedling culture (after the flea larva III period), a certain amount of underground salty fresh water (with the salinity of about 15 per thousand) can be pumped into the seedling pool every day, and the adding amount is about 1-2% of the total volume each time. On one hand, the deterioration of the pond bottom and pond water in the later stage of seedling raising can be prevented by adding the salty fresh water in the later stage of seedling raising, and on the other hand, the habit that the blue crabs gradually tend to a low-salt environment along with the growth and development can be met. In addition, the beneficial microbial preparation is applied every 3 to 5 days in the cultivation process, so that the water body can be stabilized in a fresh and clear state.
The whole process of the technical culture of the invention does not need to change a large amount of water, and the water quality is stable (the pH value is 8.0-8.75, the ammonia nitrogen is lower than 0.5 mg/L, and the nitrite nitrogen is lower than 0.1 mg/L).
Further, when the bait organisms in the step (4) are thrown, copepods can be thrown into the pond in the later stage of the flea larvae in the IV stage.
Further, the beneficial microbial agents administered in step (5) include photosynthetic bacteria, lactic acid bacteria and bacillus.
Further, the single-cell algae liquid contains chlorella.
Further, the water quality of the ecological regulation and control of the water quality in the step (5) is controlled as follows: the water temperature is 27-33 ℃, the pH value is 7.8-8.5, the ammonia nitrogen is lower than 0.5 mg/L, the nitrite nitrogen is lower than 0.1 mg/L, and the hydrogen sulfide cannot be detected.
Furthermore, the seedling raising pond used in the middle and later stages of the cultivation of the plena larva contains various phytoplankton, namely, rich food organisms including chlorella, Platymonas, Gracilaria, Discodermia, Sphingobium, Spirulina, Microcystis, Nostoc, rotifer, Dafengnian and copepods can be seen in the water body from the beginning of the III stage of the plena larva. And diatom, chlorella, tetraselmis and the like are used as dominant species, in addition, a large number of zooplankton such as rotifer, copepods and the like and various protozoa exist, the larva has rich bait organisms, and the larva can obtain more comprehensive and high-quality bait nutrition.
Further, the pond in the step (1) is rectangular and has the size of 200 and 1000 square meters.
According to the invention, through the technical means of cultivation of bait organisms (when chlorella is dark green at night, rotifers are inoculated into a pond, the inoculation density is 3-5/ml, when the density of the rotifers reaches 8-10/ml, seedlings are distributed, the density is about 1 ten thousand/cubic meter), bait organism throwing (different bait organisms and throwing amounts are thrown according to the feeding habits of different growth stages of the larvae), water quality ecological regulation (salty fresh water and microbial agents are added), and the like, the dynamic balance of the bait organisms, the larvae and the pond water quality in the pond is maintained. To maintain the dynamic balance of pond biomass, the chlorella propagation speed, the rotifer propagation speed, the larva density and the bait density in the larva pond seedling raising process at different development stages are required to be kept at proper levels. Taking the seedling distribution density as an example, if the seedling distribution density is too high (the density is about 2 ten thousand per cubic meter), the larvae can finish the feeding of rotifers in the water body in a short time, and a large amount of exogenous rotifers are required to be input to meet the requirements of the larvae, so that the cost and the labor are increased; and the seedling distribution density is too low (the density is about 5000 per cubic meter), the rotifers can propagate in a large quantity to quickly filter away chlorella in the water body, so that the water body is clarified, further the rotifers are thinned, and large algae such as enteromorpha prolifera are bred and putrefy, and the like, so that the larvae are not cultivated easily. In the invention, 1 egg-carrying crab is placed in each 100 cubic meters of water body (the egg-carrying amount is about 100 ten thousand), and the density of the hatched flea larvae in the I stage is controlled to be about 1 ten thousand per cubic meter. In the invention, a proper amount of copepods are put into the pond at the later stage of the flea larvae in the IV stage. The copepods are rich in DHA, EPA and other highly unsaturated fatty acids which are necessary for crab larva development, are rich in nutrition, have the characteristic of rapid propagation, and are high-quality biological feed. In addition, the copepods are abundant in natural water, convenient to obtain and almost zero in cost. In the stage IV and V (Z5) of the flea larva, copepods and larger artemia nauplii are used as main baits, and the seedling raising expense can be greatly reduced on the basis of ensuring the vitality of the larva.
Compared with the prior art, the method realizes the efficient cultivation of the scylla paramamosain larvae under the outdoor pond condition, only needs to transform or newly excavate the pond (only 3-5 ten thousand yuan is needed for constructing a 1000 cubic meter pond) in the prior art, and fully utilizes the favorable condition of sufficient illumination to breed the natural biological baits such as algae, rotifer, copepods and the like in the pond, can meet the requirement of the survival environment of the larvae, has rich types of baits and balanced and comprehensive nutrition, and has the characteristics of high growth speed, uniform specification, good physique and body color, high survival rate and the like. Because the cultivation method adopts living baits such as chlorella, rotifer, artemia, copepods and the like, the water quality is stable and large water change amount is not needed; can greatly reduce the seedling raising cost and increase the seedling raising income. The invention has the advantages of low threshold, low production cost, strong stability, easy mastering and the like, and is suitable for popularization, thereby effectively promoting the sustainable and healthy development of the blue crab industry in China.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an identification of phytoplankton at stage III of the flea larvae of the nursery pond of example 1; wherein a-chlorella, b-Platymonas, c, d-Gracilaria, e-Diaxing algae, f-Ottelia, g-Spirulina, h-Microcystis, i-Nostoc, j-rotifer, k-Dafengniang, l-copepods;
FIG. 2 is a photograph of V-stage juvenile crab seedlings of the flea larvae in example 1;
FIG. 3 is a photograph of the larval stage II crab seedlings of the flea larvae of example 2;
fig. 4 is an embodiment of an aquaculture pond and aquaculture water.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Example 1
The implementation time is 6 months and 3 days to 7 months and 5 days in 2018, and the implementation place is in a seawater fish and shrimp culture room in Shangping county in Guangdong province.
(1) Preparation of a cultivation pond: the seedling culture pond is convenient to transport, and the supply of electric power, seawater and fresh water is sufficient; wherein the salinity of the seawater is 29ppt, the pH value is stabilized at about 8.0, and the water quality accords with the national and industrial regulations. One square cement pond with the length of 200 square meters is selected, a mulching film is paved to prevent water leakage and water seepage, and the depth of the pond is 1.7 meters. 10 days before the seedlings are distributed, the seawater is filtered by 80 cm deep sand, and the pathogenic microorganisms, moss spores, barnacles, wild trash fish seedlings and other harmful organisms (the effective concentration of chlorine is 10 mg/L) in the water body are killed by bleaching powder.
(2) Cultivation of food organisms
After 2 days of disinfection, the residual chlorine content in the water was measured with a residual chlorine detection kit, and then the residual chlorine was neutralized with sodium thiosulfate. After the residual chlorine disappears, compound fertilizer (10ppm) and urea (5ppm) are sprinkled in the whole pool and 10 cm of chlorella liquid is added, and the color of the water is light yellow green. Culturing for 5 days, inoculating the rotifer when the pond water turns dark green, and distributing seedlings when the density of the rotifer reaches 10/ml after the rotifer is cultured for 5 days, wherein the density of the rotifer is 5/ml.
(3) Cloth seedling
The crab larva is derived from the egg-carrying crabs cultured in the early stage, the specification of the egg-carrying crabs is 300 g/crab, and the egg-carrying amount of each egg-carrying crab is about 100 ten thousand. When the color of the crab eggs becomes grey black and the heartbeat frequency reaches 150 beats/minute (about 10 days), the crab eggs are about to hatch. In order to prevent ciliates or other pathogenic organisms carried by the crab with eggs from entering the nursery pond, the crab with eggs needs to be put into 20ppm formaldehyde solution for medicated bath for 2 hours before hatching. Then the crabs with eggs to be incubated are independently placed into the incubation frame and hung in the pond, and after incubation, the seedlings can automatically swim into the pond through the wall holes of the incubation frame. In order to maintain the stable abundance of chlorella and rotifer, 2 egg-carrying crabs are placed on the same day, and the density of the hatched flea larvae in the stage I is about 1 ten thousand per cubic meter.
(4) Bait biological throwing
The cultivation of scylla paramamosain in flea larva stage and megalopa larva stage mainly passes through six stages of cultivation of flea larva I, II, III, IV and V stages and cultivation of megalopa larva, and along with the growth and development of the larva, different bait organisms are put in according to the feeding habits of different growth stages.
Flea larvae stage i (Z1): the larvae last for 2-3 days. The rotifer and the chlorella are enough to be used as initial feed for larvae in the pond, and no bait organisms are added;
flea larvae stage ii (Z2): the larvae last for 2-3 days. On the following day of the phase II transition to the flea larvae, artemia nauplii were dosed daily (18 hours of incubation) into the pond at a density of about 1 nauplii/ml. Since there are still a large number of rotifers (about 5/ml) in the pond at this point, there is no need to supplement rotifers.
Flea larvae stage iii (Z3): the larvae last for 3-4 days. The larvae in the stage use artemia nauplii as main bait, and the artemia nauplii are thrown into the pond 3 times a day to maintain the density of the nauplii at 0.5-1/ml.
Flea larvae stage iv (Z4): the larvae last for 3-4 days. The larvae still use artemia nauplii as main feed at this stage. But the time for hatching the artemia nauplii is prolonged from the earlier stage, and the hatching time is prolonged from 18 hours to 24 hours; feeding artemia nauplii into the pond 3 times a day, and maintaining the concentration of the nauplii at 0.5-1/ml. In addition, in the later stage of the flea larvae in the IV stage, copepod baits are added into the pond.
Flea larvae stage v (Z5): the larvae last for 3-4 days. The larvae of this stage take artemia nauplii and copepods as main baits. About 30 jin of copepods bait is thrown into the pond every day, and the concentration of copepods organisms is maintained to be about 1/ml.
Larval stage (M): the duration of the megalopa lasts 6-8 days. The larvae in this stage take artemia salina, minced trash fish meat and copepods as main baits. Frozen adult artemia salina and shellfish meat fragments washed out by a 20-mesh screen are put into the pond twice a day in the morning and at night, and the daily putting amount is 30 g/cubic meter.
(5) Ecological regulation and control of water quality
The water quality of the young blue crab in the cultivation stage is controlled as follows: the water temperature is 27-33 ℃, the pH value is 8.0-8.5, the ammonia nitrogen is lower than 0.5m g/L, the nitrite nitrogen is lower than 0.1m g/L, and the hydrogen sulfide is not detected.
Water changing: different from the large amount of water change in the later stage of cement pond seedling raising, the water change is basically not needed in the pond seedling raising process, but the seawater chlorella solution is added every 2 days in the I stage and the II stage of the flea larvae, and the adding amount is 3-5% of the total volume. In addition, in the middle and later period of seedling culture (after the flea larva III period), underground salty fresh water (with the salinity of about 15 per thousand) is pumped into the seedling pond every day, and the addition amount is about 2-3% of the total volume each time. As shown in figure 4, the aquaculture pond and aquaculture water body can keep stable water quality for a long time without needing large water change amount.
Adding beneficial microorganisms, namely applying beneficial microbial preparations such as photosynthetic bacteria, lactic acid bacteria, bacillus and the like once every 3 days in the cultivation process.
FIG. 1 is a graph showing the identification of phytoplankton at stage III of the flea larvae in the nursery pond of this example; wherein a-chlorella, b-Platymonas, c, d-Gracilaria, e-Diaxing algae, f-Ottelia, g-Spirulina, h-Microcystis, i-Nostoc, j-rotifer, k-Dafengniang, l-copepods.
The nursery stage of the embodiment 1 is 33 days, 4.7 million young crabs are finally harvested in the V stage, the specification is uniform, the physique and body color are good, the survival rate is high, part of the young crabs are shown in figure 2, the average weight is 0.51 g, the average shell length is 10.1 mm, and the average shell width is 15 mm (according to the estimation of 75% of the survival rate of molting of each young crab, 14.85 million young crabs are cultivated in the pond in the I stage); meanwhile, the pollution-free production of the healthy scylla paramamosain fries is realized, and any toxic or chemical drugs and biological agents which are possibly enriched in vivo are not used in the whole seedling raising stage.
In this embodiment, only 13 days (20180603 and 20180615) are needed for culturing the flea-shaped larva from the I stage to the I stage of the megalopa, and only 6 days (20180615 and 20180620) are needed for culturing the larva from the I stage to the I stage of the juvenile crab, compared with the industrial seedling culture technology, the time required for culturing the larva to the I stage of the juvenile crab is shortened by 2-3 days.
Example 2
The implementation time is from 6 months 17 days to 7 months 8 days in 2018, and the implementation place is in a seawater fish and shrimp culture room in Shangping county in Guangdong province.
(1) Preparation of cultivation ponds
Essentially the same as in step (1) of example 1, except that the pond size was 1000 square meters.
(2) Cultivation of food organisms
After 2 days of disinfection, the residual chlorine content in the water is detected by a residual chlorine detection kit, and then the residual chlorine is neutralized by sodium thiosulfate. After the residual chlorine disappears, compound fertilizer (10ppm) and urea (5ppm) are sprinkled in the whole pool and 5 cm of chlorella liquid is added, and the color of the water is light yellow green. Culturing for 5 days, inoculating the rotifer when the pond water turns dark green, and then inoculating the rotifer at the density of 3/ml, and after culturing for 5 days, when the density of the rotifer reaches 8/ml, distributing seedlings.
(3) Cloth seedling
Basically the same as the step (3) of the example 1, except that 8 egg-carrying crabs (5 crabs on the first day and 3 crabs on the second day) are placed in the pond, and the density of the hatched flea larvae in the I phase is controlled to be about 1 ten thousand per cubic meter.
(4) Bait biological throwing
Substantially the same as in step (4) of example 1.
(5) Ecological regulation and control of water quality
Substantially the same as in step (5) of example 1. As shown in figure 4, the aquaculture pond and aquaculture water body can keep stable water quality for a long time without needing large water change amount.
In the embodiment 2, the nursery stage is 22 days, 23.5 thousands of young crabs in the final harvest stage II are obtained, the specifications are unified, the physique and body color are good, the survival rate is high, part of the young crabs in the stage II are shown in figure 3, the average weight is 0.027 g, the average shell length is 3.88 mm, and the average shell width is 4.93 mm (31.33 thousands of young crabs in the stage I are cultivated according to the estimation that the young crabs molt from the stage I to the survival rate of the stage II is 75 percent); meanwhile, the pollution-free production of the healthy scylla paramamosain fries is realized, and any toxic or chemical drugs and biological agents which are possibly enriched in vivo are not used in the whole seedling raising stage.
Claims (8)
1. A pond culture method of scylla paramamosain flea larvae and megalops larvae is characterized by mainly comprising the following steps:
(1) preparation of a cultivation pond: the salinity of seawater in the seedling raising pond is not less than 25 per thousand, the pH value is stabilized between 7.8 and 8.5, the water quality accords with the national and industrial regulations, the depth of the pond is not less than 1.5 meters, and an oxygen aeration disc is arranged every 30 to 50 square meters; filtering seawater in 80 cm deep sand about 10 days before seedling distribution, and killing harmful organisms in water by using a chlorine-containing disinfectant with effective chlorine concentration of more than 10 mg/L;
(2) and (3) breeding bait organisms: after 2 days of disinfection, neutralizing residual chlorine by sodium thiosulfate; after the residual chlorine disappears, sprinkling 10ppm compound fertilizer and 5ppm urea in the whole pool, inoculating 5-10 cm deep sea water chlorella liquid, culturing for 4-5 days, inoculating rotifer into the pool with inoculation density of 3-5/ml; 3-5 days later, when the density of the rotifer reaches 8-10/ml, the seedlings can be distributed;
(3) seedling distribution: selecting crab eggs which are changed into grey black and have the heartbeat frequency of 150 beats/minute as crab eggs to be incubated; putting the crab with eggs to be incubated into 20ppm formaldehyde solution for medicated bath for 1-2 hours; then independently putting the eggs into an incubation frame and hanging the eggs in a pond; after hatching, the seedlings can automatically swim into the pond through the wall holes of the hatching frame; 1 crab with eggs is placed in each 100 cubic meters of water, and the density of the hatched flea larvae in the I stage is controlled to be 1 ten thousand per cubic meter;
(4) feeding bait organisms:
flea larva stage i: the larva lasts for 2-3 days without additional bait organisms;
flea larvae stage ii: the larvae last for 2-3 days, and feeding artemia nauplii into the pond every day from the second day when the larvae are converted into Z2 larvae, wherein the density of the nauplii is 0.5-1 per milliliter;
flea larva stage iii: the larvae last for 3-4 days, the artemia nauplii are put into the pond 2-3 times a day, and the density of the nauplii is maintained at 0.5-1/ml;
flea larvae stage iv: the larvae last for 3-4 days, the artemia nauplii are put into the pond 2-3 times a day, and the density of the nauplii is maintained at 0.5-1/ml;
flea larva stage v: the larvae last for 3-4 days, and the density of copepods is maintained at 1-3/ml; feeding artemia nauplii into the pond, maintaining the density of the artemia nauplii at 0.5-1 per milliliter,
during the larval stage: the larvae last for 6-8 days, frozen adult artemia and shellfish meat fragments washed out by a 20-mesh screen are put into the pond twice a day in the morning and at night, and the daily putting amount is 30-50 g/cubic meter;
(5) ecological regulation and control of water quality:
adding seawater and unicellular algae solution every 2-3 days in stage I and stage II of the flea larva, wherein the addition amount is 3-5% of the total volume; after the flea larva III period, underground saline water with the salinity of 15 per mill can be pumped into the seedling pool every day, and the adding amount is about 1-2% of the total volume each time; the beneficial microbial preparation is applied every 3-5 days during the incubation period.
2. The pond culture method of scylla paramamosain flea larvae and megalopas larvae according to claim 1, wherein the seedlings are distributed in the same pond with a time difference of not more than 2 days.
3. The pond culture method of scylla paramamosain flea and megalopa according to claim 1, wherein when the bait organisms are thrown in the step (4), copepods can be further thrown into the pond in the stage IV of the flea larvae.
4. The pond culture method of scylla paramamosain flea and megalopas in claim 1, wherein the beneficial microbial agents applied in step (5) include photosynthetic bacteria, lactic acid bacteria and bacillus.
5. The method for pond culture of scylla paramamosain flea larvae and megalopas larvae according to claim 1, wherein the single-cell algae solution contains chlorella.
6. The pond culture method of scylla paramamosain flea larvae and megalopas larvae according to claim 1, wherein the water quality of the ecological regulation and control of the water quality in the step (5) is controlled as follows: the water temperature is 27-33 ℃, the pH value is 7.8-8.5, the ammonia nitrogen is lower than 0.5 mg/L, the nitrite nitrogen is lower than 0.1 mg/L, and the hydrogen sulfide cannot be detected.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein the larval flea and megalopa pond used for cultivating the scylla paramamosain comprises a plurality of phytoplankton including chlorella, tetraselmis, dactylogyrum, discoreanum serrulata, stigmatophyta, spirulina, microcystis, nostoc, rotifer, chayozoan, and copepods.
8. The method for pond culture of scylla paramamosain flea larvae and megalopas claimed in claim 1, wherein the pond of step (1) is rectangular and has a size of 200-1000 square meters.
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