CN109644910A - A kind of pond rearing method of Scylla paramamosain zoea and megalops larva - Google Patents
A kind of pond rearing method of Scylla paramamosain zoea and megalops larva Download PDFInfo
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- CN109644910A CN109644910A CN201910022494.6A CN201910022494A CN109644910A CN 109644910 A CN109644910 A CN 109644910A CN 201910022494 A CN201910022494 A CN 201910022494A CN 109644910 A CN109644910 A CN 109644910A
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- 241001672730 Scylla paramamosain Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 230000000384 rearing effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 241000252069 Megalops Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 66
- 241001247197 Cephalocarida Species 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 241000239250 Copepoda Species 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 241000700141 Rotifera Species 0.000 claims description 31
- 241000195493 Cryptophyta Species 0.000 claims description 25
- 241000195649 Chlorella <Chlorellales> Species 0.000 claims description 18
- 230000012447 hatching Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 241000133262 Nauplius Species 0.000 claims description 10
- 125000001309 chloro group Chemical group Cl* 0.000 claims description 10
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/50—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish
- A01K61/59—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish of crustaceans, e.g. lobsters or shrimps
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G33/00—Cultivation of seaweed or algae
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/20—Culture of aquatic animals of zooplankton, e.g. water fleas or Rotatoria
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N1/00—Microorganisms, e.g. protozoa; Compositions thereof; Processes of propagating, maintaining or preserving microorganisms or compositions thereof; Processes of preparing or isolating a composition containing a microorganism; Culture media therefor
- C12N1/20—Bacteria; Culture media therefor
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- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
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- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
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- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
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- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
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- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of pond rearing methods of Scylla paramamosain zoea and megalops larva, and the preparation including cultivating pond, food organisms are cultivated, and breeding, food organisms are launched, water quality ecological regulation.The every 100 cubic metres of water bodys of the present invention place ovigerous crab 1, and egg load 1,000,000 or so, control hatches the density of I phase zoea in 10,000/cubic meter or so.And start to launch appropriate Copepods into pond in the IV phase zoea later period, and V phase of zoea using Copepods and larger artemia nauplii be as main bait, Food species are abundant, nutrition is balanced comprehensively, it cultivates that larval growth speed fast, uniform specification, constitution body colour be good and high survival rate, water stabilization and does not need very big quantity of exchanged water；Seedling cost can be greatly reduced, nursery income is increased.It is low with threshold, production cost is low, stability is strong, easily grasp the advantages that, be suitble to popularize, thus will effectively promote China mud crab industry it is sustainable, develop in a healthy way.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the rearing of fingerling field of aquaculture, in particular to a kind of Scylla paramamosain zoea and big
The pond rearing method of the eye young.
Background technique
Scylla paramamosain (Scylla paramamosain, be commonly called as mud crab) belongs to carnivorous, eurysalinity, eurythermic seawater economy
Crustacean, individual big, delicious flavour, the speed of growth are fast, and can be China, important seas, the southeastern coastal areas from water transport
One of economic cultivated crabs class in ocean.In recent years, blue crab cultivation in south China flourish by coastal provinces, and cultured area is close to 3
Ten thousand hectares, annual output is more than 150,000 tons (China Fisheries statistical yearbooks, 2017), however, reaching with Eriocheir sinensis hatchery juveniles accounting
It is compared to 95%, swimming crab hatchery juveniles accounting up to 70%, the seed almost all of blue crab cultivation relies on the seeding-growth of natural waters
Kind.Since fish wild seed has quality and quantity unstable and many uncertain factors such as portable disease carrying germ, it is unable to satisfy vast
Demand of the raiser to seed, thus the propagation in scale of mud crab artificial seed by be mud crab industry sustainable development important guarantor
Barrier.
About the research of mud crab artificial breeding, from the 1980s, domestic and foreign scholars have carried out a large amount of test and have ground
Study carefully work, and obtains the success of small lot nursery.However, being influenced by factors such as input-output ratios, mud crab artificial seed is cultivated
It is also only limitted to the small lot production phase, and mud crab seedling-raising technique is not yet successful and universal at present, cultivation is with seedling still with sea area day
Right Miao Weizhu, seed supply shakiness have become one of the important bottleneck for restricting industry development.So be badly in need of a kind of intervention threshold it is low,
The mud crab seedlings Cultivating techniques that stability is good, seedling cost is low and easily grasps, especially seed early period (zoea stage and big
Eye larval stage) Cultivating techniques, the constraint of natural seeding, wild fry is relied on getting rid of cultivation seedling, the difficulties such as Juvenile mortality height in cultivating process
Topic, and then pushed the health of mud crab industry, fast development.
Mud crab industrial breeding technique discloses a kind of mud crab in (appointing Fu Hai etc., Hebei fishery, the 1st phase in 2010)
The method of industrial seedling rearing, but in mud crab industrial seedling rearing firstly the need of construction batch production workshop, and be equipped with heat supply, supply
The facilities such as gas, water supply, light control, generally speaking, one 1000 square metres of industrial seedling rearing field of construction at least need to invest 30
~40 ten thousand yuan.Furthermore the food organisms during nursery all rely on artificial culture and dispensing, and every pond breeding density about 100/
Milliliter, and Z1~Z2 stage is cultivated with the wheel animalcule of 20~30/milliliter higher densities, needs to control water quality by largely changing water
Stablize, seedling cost is higher.It is affected by these factors, mud crab industrial seedling rearing mode is difficult to popularize.
It is raw that a kind of mud crab pond ecological method for culturing seedlings (application publication number CN 102090356A) discloses a kind of mud crab pond
State method for culturing seedlings, but 1~2 ovigerous crab is put (by every ovigerous crab in pond per acre in a kind of mud crab pond ecological method for culturing seedlings
Hatch I phase zoea to count at 1,000,000, young density only has 1500-3000/cubic meter), far below the children of batch production
Body breeding density (100,000/cubic metre or so), input-output ratio is big.And the zoea larva stage cultivates with artemia nauplii
For main bait, in recent years, the artemia eggs due to the reduction of international market resource quantity of artemia sp, as mud crab nursery prime cost expenditure
Price is risen progressively (artemia eggs price in 2018 is 100-200 member/jin, is 2 times of price in 2017) year by year, seedling cost not really
It is qualitative to have larger impact to Seedling production unit nursery enthusiasm.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of pond rearing methods of Scylla paramamosain zoea and megalops larva, with solution
Problem certainly of the existing technology.
A kind of pond rearing method of Scylla paramamosain zoea and megalops larva, mainly comprises the steps that
(1) preparation in pond is cultivated
Nursery pond requires to have a good transport service, and electric power, seawater, water supply are sufficient；Wherein seawater salinity is not less than 25 ‰, pH
Stablize between 7.8-8.5, water quality meets country and industry regulation.Bottom of pond is water-tight, impermeable.Pond pond is not less than 1.5 meters deeply,
One increasing oxygen tray of every 30-50 square metres of arrangements.10 days or so before breeding, into 80 centimetres of deep sand filter seawaters, with bleaching powder or
The chlorine-containing disinfectants such as strong chlorine oil, which kill the harmful organisms such as pathogenic microorganism, moss spore, barnacle and the wild fishes seedling in water body, (to be had
Imitate 10 mg/litre of cl concn or more).
(2) cultivation of food organisms
After disinfection 2 days, with contents of residual chlorine in chlorine residue detection kit detection water, later in sodium thiosulfate and chlorine residue.
After chlorine residue disappearance, full pool spilling head compound fertilizer (10ppm) and urea (5ppm), and 5-10 centimetres of deep marine chlorella liquid is accessed,
The color of water is chartreuse at this time.(culture 4-5 days), Xiang Chizhong inoculating rotifer, inoculation when water color becomes dirty-green
3-5/milliliter of density.It, can breeding when wheel animalcule density reaches 8-10/milliliter after 3-5 days.
(3) breeding
When the color of ovigerous crab ovum becomes grey black, and when palmic rate is up to 150 jumps/minute (oogenesis 10 days or so), table
The bright crab ovum will hatch.For prevent ovigerous crab carry infusorian or other causal organisms enter nursery pond, needed before hatching by
Ovigerous crab sets 20ppm formalin dipping 1-2 hours.Then ovigerous crab to be hatched is placed individually into hatching frame, is hung in pond
In the pool.After hatching, seedling can voluntarily be swum by hatching frame cinclides into pond.To maintain chlorella, wheel animalcule to be in stable abundance,
Every 100 cubic metres of water bodys place ovigerous crab 1 (egg load about 1,000,000), and control hatches the density of I phase zoea 1
Ten thousand/cubic meter or so.Simultaneously to prevent later period seedling from cutting one another's throat because of caused by difference in size, seedling is put into same pond
Time difference was no more than 2 days.
(4) food organisms are launched
The cultivation of Scylla paramamosain zoea stage and megalopa stage is mainly passed through zoea I, II, III, IV, V phase and is trained
It educates and megalopa stage cultivates this six stages, with the growth and development of the young, need the habit of ingesting according to different stages of growth
Property launches different food organisms.
I phase of zoea (Z1): the young continues 2-3 days.Have wheel animalcule and chlorella in pond enough as the young
Open-mouthed bait, the phase young are not required to additional food organisms.
II phase of zoea (Z2): the young continues 2-3 days.From being changed into second day of zoea II phase, daily to
Artemia nauplii (hatching 18 hours) is launched in pond, the density of nauplius is 0.5-1/milliliter.Due to pond at this time
Interior there are also a large amount of wheel animalcules (3-5/milliliter), without adding wheel animalcule.
III phase of zoea (Z3): the young continues 3-4 days.The phase young is using artemia nauplii as main bait, often
Artemia nauplii is launched into pond it 2-3 times, maintain the density of nauplius in 0.5-1/milliliter.
IV phase of zoea (Z4): the young continues 3-4 days.This phase young is still using artemia nauplii as main bait.
But the brooding time of artemia nauplii should be extended compared with early period, and brooding time can extend to 24 hours from 18 hours；Daily
Artemia nauplii is launched into pond 2-3 times, maintain the density of nauplius in 0.5-1/milliliter.Furthermore in IV phase flea shape
Post-larval can launch appropriate Copepods into pond.
V phase of zoea (Z5): the young continues 3-4 days.This phase young is to make with Copepods and larger artemia nauplii
For main bait.Maintain the density of Copepods in 1-3/milliliter；Launch the longer artemia nauplii of brooding time in pond
(30-36 hours) and maintain density in 0.5-1/milliliter.
Megalopa stage (M): the young continues 6-8 days.This phase young using big artemia, trash fish meat gruel and Copepods be as lead
Want bait.Daily sooner or later twice into pond launch frost adult ' Luchung ' insect and 20 mesh screens wash out shellfish meat fragment, day injected volume
It is 30-50 grams/cubic metre.
In short, should keep having enough agreeable to the taste open-mouthed baits (wheel animalcule) in water body in Z1 the and Z2 stage；Z3, Z4 and Z5 rank
Section should maintain the 0.5-1/milliliter of density of artemia nauplii in water body.After paedomorphosis to megalops larva (M)
Put into suitable Optimization of Low Value Fish, shellfish meat gruel or the big artemia of freezing.
(5) water quality ecological regulates and controls
Be different from the cement pit nursery later period largely changes water, pond seedling raising process without changing water, but the zoea I phase and
II stage phase takes a certain amount of seawater of addition in periodically (2-3 days), unicellular algae solution, and additional amount is the 3-5% of total volume.Single-cell algae
The addition of class can reduce ammonia nitrogen and nitroso nitrogen content in breeding environment, effectively improve the survival rate and emergence rate of the young；In addition,
In the middle and later periods (after the zoea III phase) of nursery, a certain amount of underground salt-fresh water (salinity can be pumped into Miao Chi daily
15 ‰ or so), additive amount is about the 1-2% of total volume every time.Starting to add salt-fresh water in the middle and later periods of nursery on the one hand can be with
The deterioration of nursery later period bottom of pond and water is prevented, on the other hand can satisfy mud crab can gradually tend to less salt ring with growth and development
The habit in border.In addition, the effective microorganism preparation of application in every 3-5 days in cultivating process, can stablize water body and be in fresh and alive clear
Bright state.
The technology of the present invention cultivation is whole without largely changing water, water stabilization (pH value 8.0-8.75, ammonia nitrogen lower than 0.5 milligram/
It rises, nitrite nitrogen is lower than 0.1 mg/litre).
Further, when step (4) food organisms are launched, in the IV phase zoea later period, oar can be also launched into pond
Sufficient class.
Further, step (5) applied effective microorganism preparation includes photosynthetic bacteria, lactic acid bacteria and bacillus.
Further, the unicellular algae solution contains chlorella.
Further, the water quality of step (5) the water quality ecological regulation should control: 27-33 DEG C of water temperature, pH value 7.8-
8.5, ammonia nitrogen is lower than 0.5 mg/litre, and nitrite nitrogen is lower than 0.1 mg/litre, and hydrogen sulfide must not detect.
Further, nursery pond used in the middle and later periods that zoea is cultivated is included there are many plankton, i.e., in flea
The shape young III phase, which starts to see in water body, food organisms abundant, including chlorella, flat algae, grid split algae, discoctaster algae,
Shank algae, spirulina, Microcystis aeruginosa, nostoc, wheel animalcule, big fairy shrimp and Copepods.And with diatom, chlorella and flat algae etc. be it is excellent
Gesture kind, additionally there are the zooplankters such as a large amount of wheel animalcules, Copepods and a variety of protozoans, and young food organisms are abundant, children
Body can obtain more comprehensively with good food nutrition.
Further, step (1) pond is rectangle, and size is 200-1000 square metres.
The present invention by the cultivations of food organisms (when chlorella night is dirty-green, Xiang Chizhong inoculating rotifer, inoculum density 3-
5/milliliter.The breeding again when wheel animalcule density reaches 8-10/milliliter), breeding (density is in 10,000/cubic metre or so), bait
Biology launches (different food organisms and injected volume are launched according to the eating habit of young different stages of growth), water quality ecological tune
The technological means such as control (addition salt-fresh water and microorganism formulation), maintain the dynamic of food organisms, the young and pond water quality in pond
Balance.Maintain the dynamic equilibrium of pond life amount, it has to be warranted that chlorella reproduction speed, wheel animalcule reproduction speed, the young are close
Food density in degree and different developmental phases young pond seedling raising process is in suitable horizontal.By taking breeding density as an example,
Breeding density is excessively high (density is in 20,000/cubic metre or so), and the young can prey on the wheel animalcule in water body in the short time, needs a large amount of
Investment external source wheel animalcule meets young demand, and then increases cost and artificial；And breeding density is too low that (density is in 5000/cube
Rice or so), wheel animalcule understands mass propagation and quickly considers the chlorella for eating in water body, causes water body to be clarified, and then wheel animalcule is caused to disappear
Thin, the macros such as Enteromorpha breed the series of problems such as corruption, are unfavorable for larval culture.The every 100 cubic metres of water bodys of the present invention are placed
Ovigerous crab 1 (egg load 1,000,000 or so), control hatch the density of I phase zoea in 10,000/cubic meter or so.This hair
It is bright to start to launch appropriate Copepods into pond in the IV phase zoea later period.Copepods is rich in DHA, the Crab larvaes such as EPA hair
Required highly unsaturated fatty acid is educated, it is full of nutrition, and have the characteristics that quickly to breed, it is very good biological feed.
In addition, it is very rich in Copepods natural water, facilitated, almost nil cost.The present invention is in zoea IV and V phase
(Z5) using Copepods and larger artemia nauplii be as main bait, can pole on the basis of guaranteeing to maintain young vigor
The big expenditure for reducing nursery.
Compared with prior art, the present invention realizes the high effect culture Scylla paramamosain young, this hair under the conditions of outdoor ponds
Bright technology only needs existing pond to be transformed or newly digs pond (one 1000 cubic metres of pond of construction only need investment 3~50,000 yuan),
And the advantage of illumination abundance is made full use of, and the natural biologies bait such as algae, wheel animalcule, Copepods are bred in pond, it can be full
The living environment requirement of the sufficient young, and Food species are abundant, nutrition is balanced comprehensively, and the cultivated young has the speed of growth
Fastly, the features such as uniform specification, constitution body colour be good and high survival rate.Since breeding method of the invention uses chlorella, wheel animalcule, halogen
The living body baits such as worm, Copepods, water stabilization and do not need very big quantity of exchanged water；Seedling cost can be greatly reduced, increase is educated
Seedling income.And the present invention has the advantages that threshold is low, production cost is low, and stability is strong, easy grasp, is suitble to popularize,
To will effectively promote sustainable, the sound development of China mud crab industry.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 identifies plankton when being the nursery pond zoea III phase of embodiment 1；Wherein a- chlorella, b-
Flat algae, c, d- grid split algae, e- discoctaster algae, f- shank algae, g- spirulina, h- Microcystis aeruginosa, i- nostoc, j- wheel animalcule, k- big good year
Worm, l- Copepods；
Fig. 2 is the zoea V phase son juvenile crab kind picture of embodiment 1；
Fig. 3 is the zoea II phase son juvenile crab kind picture of embodiment 2；
Fig. 4 is the cultivating pool and breeding water body of embodiment.
Specific embodiment
To make the object, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention is made into one below in conjunction with attached drawing
Step ground detailed description.
Embodiment 1
The implementation time is on June 3rd, 2018 to July 5, and enforcement place trains seedling room in Raoping County, Guangdong Province seawater fishes and shrimps.
(1) cultivate the preparation in pond: training seedling pond has a good transport service, and electric power, seawater, water supply are sufficient；Wherein seawater salt
29ppt is spent, pH stablizes 8.0 or so, and water quality meets country and industry regulation.200 square metres of rectangle cement pits one are selected,
Spreading prevents leak and infiltration, and 1.7 meters of Chi Shen.10 days before breeding, into 80 centimetres of deep sand filter seawaters, water is killed with bleaching powder
The harmful organisms such as pathogenic microorganism, moss spore, barnacle and wild fishes seedling in body (effective concentration chlorine is 10 mg/litres).
(2) cultivation of food organisms
After disinfection 2 days, with contents of residual chlorine in chlorine residue detection kit detection water, later in sodium thiosulfate and chlorine residue.
After chlorine residue disappearance, full pool spilling head compound fertilizer (10ppm) and urea (5ppm) and 10 centimetres of bead algae solutions of access, the face of water at this time
Color is chartreuse.Culture 5 days, after water dimmed green, inoculating rotifer, 5/milliliter of inoculum density, after culture 5 days, wheel
When worm density reaches 10/milliliter, breeding.
(3) breeding
The ovigerous crab that juvenile crab is cultivated from early period, 300 grams of ovigerous crab specification/only, the egg load of every ovigerous crab about 100
Wan Li.When the color of ovigerous crab ovum becomes grey black, and when palmic rate is up to 150 jumps/minute (oogenesis 10 days or so), show this
Crab ovum will hatch.Infusorian or other causal organisms to prevent ovigerous crab from carrying enter nursery pond, are needed before hatching by oogenesis
Crab sets 20ppm formalin dipping 2 hours.Then ovigerous crab to be hatched is placed individually into hatching frame, hangs in pond, incubates
After change, seedling can voluntarily be swum by hatching frame cinclides into pond.To maintain chlorella, wheel animalcule in stable abundance, place on the same day
Ovigerous crab 2, the density of I phase zoea is hatched in 10,000/cubic meter or so.
(4) food organisms are launched
The cultivation of Scylla paramamosain zoea stage and megalopa stage is mainly passed through zoea I, II, III, IV, V phase and is trained
It educates and megalops larva cultivates this six stages, as larval growth is developed, to be launched according to the eating habit of different stages of growth
Different food organisms.
I phase of zoea (Z1): the young continues 2-3 days.Have wheel animalcule and chlorella in pond enough as the young
Open-mouthed bait, not additional food organisms；
II phase of zoea (Z2): the young continues 2-3 days.From being changed into second day of zoea II phase, daily to
Artemia nauplii (hatching 18 hours) is launched in pond, the density of nauplius is about 1/milliliter.Due in pond at this time
There are also a large amount of wheel animalcules (about 5/milliliter), without adding wheel animalcule.
III phase of zoea (Z3): the young continues 3-4 days.The phase young is using artemia nauplii as main bait, often
Artemia nauplii is launched into pond it 3 times, maintain the density of nauplius in 0.5-1/milliliter.
IV phase of zoea (Z4): the young continues 3-4 days.This phase young is still using artemia nauplii as main bait.
But the time for hatching artemia nauplii is extended compared with early period, and brooding time extended to 24 hours from 18 hours；3 times a day to
Artemia nauplii is launched in pond, maintains the concentration of nauplius in 0.5-1/milliliter.Furthermore after IV phase zoea
Phase, Copepods bait was added into pond.
V phase of zoea (Z5): the young continues 3-4 days.This phase young using artemia nauplii and Copepods be as leading
Want bait.30 jin or so Copepods bait are launched into pond daily, maintain the concentration of Copepods biology about in 1/milliliter.
Megalopa stage (M): megalops larva continues 6-8 days.This phase young is to make with big artemia, trash fish meat gruel and Copepods
For main bait.It launches the shellfish meat fragment that frost adult ' Luchung ' insect and 20 mesh screens wash out into pond twice sooner or later daily, throws day
It is high-volume 30 grams/cubic metre.
(5) water quality ecological regulates and controls
The water quality in mud crab larval culture stage should control: 27-33 DEG C of water temperature, pH value 8.0-8.5, ammonia nitrogen is lower than 0.5m
Grams per liter, nitrite nitrogen are lower than 0.1m grams per liter, and hydrogen sulfide is not detected.
Change water: be different from the cement pit nursery later period largely changes water, and pond seedling raising process is substantially without changing water, but flea
Shape young I phase and every 2 days of II stage phase addition marine chlorella liquid, additional amount are the 3-5% of total volume.In addition, in nursery
Middle and later periods (after the zoea III phase) is pumped into underground salt-fresh water (salinity 15 ‰ or so) into Miao Chi daily, and additive amount is each
The about 2-3% of total volume.Cultivating pool and breeding water body are as shown in figure 4, not needing very big quantity of exchanged water can protect for a long time
Hold water stabilization.
Add beneficial microbe: every 3 days applications photosynthetic bacteria, lactic acid bacteria and bacillus etc. have in cultivating process
Beneficial microorganism preparation.
Fig. 1 identifies plankton when being the nursery pond zoea III phase of the present embodiment；Wherein a- chlorella,
B- flat algae, c, d- grid split algae, e- discoctaster algae, f- shank algae, g- spirulina, h- Microcystis aeruginosa, i- nostoc, j- wheel animalcule, k- great Feng
Year worm, l- Copepods.
The nursery stage of the present embodiment 1 is 33 days, final to harvest V phase son crab, 4.7 ten thousand, uniform specification, constitution body colour it is good and
High survival rate, the young crab in part is as shown in Fig. 2, 0.51 gram of average weight, averagely 10.1 millimeters of shell length, average wide 15 millimeters of shell (are pressed
The young each shell survival rate 75% of crab estimates that I phase son crab 14.85 ten thousand is cultivated in the pond)；Scylla paramamosain health seedling is realized simultaneously
That plants is nuisanceless at production, does not use chemicals and biology any toxic or may be enriched in vivo in the entire nursery stage
Preparation.
The present embodiment cultivation I phase of zoea only needs 13 days (20180603-20180615) to megalopa stage, big eye children
Body phase to the young crab I phase only needs 6 days (20180615-20180620), compared with industrial breeding technique, the cultivated young of the technology of the present invention
2-3 days will be shortened by being developed to the time required for the young crab I phase.
Embodiment 2
The implementation time is on June 17th, 2018 to July 8, and enforcement place trains seedling room in Raoping County, Guangdong Province seawater fishes and shrimps.
(1) preparation in pond is cultivated
Essentially identical with (1) the step of embodiment 1, difference is pond size at 1000 square metres.
(2) cultivation of food organisms
After disinfection 2 days, with contents of residual chlorine in chlorine residue detection kit detection water, in rear sodium thiosulfate and chlorine residue.To remaining
After chlorine disappears, full pool spilling head compound fertilizer (10ppm) and urea (5ppm) and 5 centimetres of bead algae solutions of access, at this time the color of water be
Chartreuse.Culture 5 days, after water dimmed green, inoculating rotifer, 3/milliliter of inoculum density, after culture 5 days, wheel animalcule is close
When degree reaches 8/milliliter, breeding.
(3) breeding
It is essentially identical with (3) the step of embodiment 1, difference be in the pond in placement ovigerous crab 8 (first day 5, second
It 3), control hatches the density of I phase zoea in 10,000/cubic meter or so.
(4) food organisms are launched
It is essentially identical with (4) the step of embodiment 1.
(5) water quality ecological regulates and controls
It is essentially identical with (5) the step of embodiment 1.Cultivating pool and breeding water body be not as shown in figure 4, need very big change
Water can keep water stabilization for a long time.
The nursery stage of the present embodiment 2 is 22 days, and final to harvest II phase son crab 23.5 ten thousand, uniform specification, constitution body colour are good
And high survival rate, II phase son crab in part is as shown in figure 3,0.027 gram of average weight, averagely 3.88 millimeters of shell length, average shell are wide
4.93 millimeters (pressing young crab from I phase shell is the estimation of II phase survival rate 75%, which cultivates I phase son crab 31.33 ten thousand)；It is real simultaneously
The nuisanceless at production of Scylla paramamosain healthy seedling is showed, has not been used in the entire nursery stage any toxic or may be rich in vivo
The chemicals and biological agent of collection.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of pond rearing method of Scylla paramamosain zoea and megalops larva, which is characterized in that mainly include following step
It is rapid:
(1) cultivate the preparation in pond: the seawater salinity in nursery pond is stablized between 7.8-8.5 not less than 25 ‰, pH, and water quality meets
Country and industry regulation, pond pond are not less than 1.5 meters deeply, one increasing oxygen tray of every 30-50 square metres of arrangement；10 days before breeding
The enemy in water body is killed with chlorine-containing disinfectant more than 10 mg/litre of effective chlorine density into 80 centimetres of deep sand filter seawaters in left and right
Biology；
(2) cultivation of food organisms: after disinfection 2 days, in sodium thiosulfate and chlorine residue；After chlorine residue disappearance, full pool spilling head
10ppm compound fertilizer and 5ppm urea, and 5-10 centimetres of deep marine chlorella liquid is accessed, it cultivates 4-5 days, Xiang Chizhong inoculating rotifer,
3-5/milliliter of inoculum density；It, can breeding when wheel animalcule density reaches 8-10/milliliter after 3-5 days；
(3) breeding: selecting color becomes grey black, and palmic rate embraces crab ovum up to 150 jumps/minute and is used as oogenesis to be hatched
Crab；Ovigerous crab to be hatched is set into 20ppm formalin dipping 1-2 hours；Then it is placed individually into hatching frame, hangs in pond
It is interior；After hatching, seedling can voluntarily be swum by hatching frame cinclides into pond；Every 100 cubic metres of water bodys place ovigerous crab 1, control
The density of I phase zoea is hatched in 10,000/cubic meter；
(4) food organisms are launched:
I phase of zoea: the young continues 2-3 days, is not required to additional food organisms；
II phase of zoea: the young continues 2-3 days, from being changed into second day of the Z2 young, launches artemia into pond daily
Nauplius, the density of nauplius are 0.5-1/milliliter；
III phase of zoea: the young continues 3-4 days, launches artemia nauplii, maintenance nauplius for daily 2-3 times into pond
Density in 0.5-1/milliliter；
IV phase of zoea: the young continues 3-4 days, launches artemia nauplii, maintenance nauplius for daily 2-3 times into pond
Density in 0.5-1/milliliter；
V phase of zoea: the young continues 3-4 days, maintains the density of Copepods in 1-3/milliliter；Artemia is launched without section in pond
The young simultaneously maintains density in 0.5-1/milliliter,
Megalopa stage: the young continues 6-8 days, launches frost adult ' Luchung ' insect into pond twice sooner or later daily and 20 mesh screens are washed
Shellfish meat fragment out, day injected volume be 30-50 grams/cubic metre；
(5) water quality ecological regulates and controls:
Every 2-3 days addition seawater, unicellular algae solutions are taken in zoea I phase and II stage phase, additional amount is the 3- of total volume
5%；After the zoea III phase, the underground salt-fresh water of salinity 15 ‰ can be pumped into Miao Chi daily, additive amount is about total every time
The 1-2% of volume；The effective microorganism preparation of application in every 3-5 days in cultivating process.
2. the pond rearing method of Scylla paramamosain zoea and megalops larva according to claim 1, which is characterized in that step
Suddenly when (3) breeding, the seedling time difference is put into same pond no more than 2 days.
3. the pond rearing method of Scylla paramamosain zoea and megalops larva according to claim 1, which is characterized in that step
Suddenly when (4) food organisms are launched, in the zoea IV phase, Copepods can be also launched into pond.
4. the pond rearing method of Scylla paramamosain zoea and megalops larva according to claim 1, which is characterized in that step
Suddenly (5) applied effective microorganism preparation includes photosynthetic bacteria, lactic acid bacteria and bacillus.
5. the pond rearing method of Scylla paramamosain zoea and megalops larva according to claim 1, which is characterized in that institute
It states unicellular algae solution and contains chlorella.
6. the pond rearing method of Scylla paramamosain zoea and megalops larva according to claim 1, which is characterized in that institute
State step (5) water quality ecological regulation water quality should control: 27-33 DEG C of water temperature, pH value 7.8-8.5, ammonia nitrogen lower than 0.5 milligram/
It rises, nitrite nitrogen is lower than 0.1 mg/litre, and hydrogen sulfide must not detect.
7. the pond rearing method of Scylla paramamosain zoea and megalops larva according to claim 1, which is characterized in that flea
Nursery pond used includes that there are many planktons, including chlorella, flat algae, grid to split algae, discoctaster algae, needle after III phase of the shape young
Bar algae, spirulina, Microcystis aeruginosa, nostoc, wheel animalcule, big fairy shrimp and Copepods.
8. the pond rearing method of Scylla paramamosain zoea and megalops larva according to claim 1, which is characterized in that step
Suddenly (1) described pond is rectangle, and size is 200-1000 square metres.
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