CN111387041A - Ecological breeding method for kelp, gracilaria, haliotis discus hannai, strongylocentrotus intermedius and apostichopus japonicus in shallow sea - Google Patents

Ecological breeding method for kelp, gracilaria, haliotis discus hannai, strongylocentrotus intermedius and apostichopus japonicus in shallow sea Download PDF

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CN111387041A
CN111387041A CN202010310148.0A CN202010310148A CN111387041A CN 111387041 A CN111387041 A CN 111387041A CN 202010310148 A CN202010310148 A CN 202010310148A CN 111387041 A CN111387041 A CN 111387041A
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culture
area
sea
gracilaria
abalone
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CN111387041B (en
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侯仕营
王虹人
刘朋
张翔
王磊
刘振华
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Weihai Ocean Vocational College
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Weihai Ocean Vocational College
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G33/00Cultivation of seaweed or algae
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01KANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
    • A01K61/00Culture of aquatic animals
    • A01K61/30Culture of aquatic animals of sponges, sea urchins or sea cucumbers
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01KANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
    • A01K61/00Culture of aquatic animals
    • A01K61/50Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish
    • A01K61/51Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish of gastropods, e.g. abalones or turban snails
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02ATECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/80Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02ATECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/80Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
    • Y02A40/81Aquaculture, e.g. of fish

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of aquaculture, and in particular relates to an ecological breeding method for kelp, gracilaria, haliotis discus hannai, shiitake strongylocentrotus nudus and apostichopus japonicus in shallow sea. The method comprises the following specific steps: selecting a proper culture sea area, dividing the sea area into one culture area every 13 hectares, wherein two adjacent culture areas are an algae culture area and an abalone culture area respectively, and putting regular tetrahedron-shaped artificial fishing reefs at the bottoms of the algae culture area and the abalone culture area. The culture method effectively improves the utilization efficiency of substances and energy in the system, improves the annual unit area output value by more than 50 percent, effectively reduces the influence of culture production on the environment, and realizes ecological, efficient and low-carbon culture.

Description

Ecological breeding method for kelp, gracilaria, haliotis discus hannai, strongylocentrotus intermedius and apostichopus japonicus in shallow sea
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of aquaculture, and in particular relates to an ecological breeding method for kelp, gracilaria, haliotis discus hannai, shiitake strongylocentrotus nudus and apostichopus japonicus in shallow sea.
Background
In recent years, due to the single offshore culture mode, culture space cannot be comprehensively utilized, and the nutrient salt in a sea area mainly used for culturing algae is deficient. In the sea area mainly comprising breeding animals such as abalone and sea cucumber, organic matters in the sea area are increased due to the deposition of a large amount of organic matters such as residual bait and excrement, and the environment pollution of the sea area is caused. Therefore, an ecological, efficient and low-carbon culture method is explored through reasonable matching of cultured organisms, and becomes a good measure for realizing sustainable development of high efficiency, high quality, ecology, health and safety in the mariculture industry.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to establish a shallow sea ecological breeding method for kelp, gracilaria, haliotis discus hannai, shiitake strongylocentrotus nudus and apostichopus japonicus, which can not only fully utilize breeding sea areas and improve breeding efficiency, but also reduce the influence of breeding production on the ecological environment of the sea areas and realize ecological and efficient breeding.
The method comprises the following specific operation steps:
1. selecting a culture sea area: the water depth is 15m-20m, the water level drop is small, the water flow speed is slow, and the sand and mud bottom sea area is provided with reefs;
2. cultivation distribution: dividing each 13 hectare of the sea area into a culture area, wherein two adjacent culture areas are an algae culture area and an abalone culture area respectively;
3. artificial fish reef: putting regular tetrahedron-shaped artificial fishing reefs at the bottoms of the algae culture area and the abalone culture area; the artificial fish reef is in a regular tetrahedron shape with the side length of 3m, the frame is a steel structure with the thickness of 3cm, the bottom surface of the artificial fish reef is irrigated by cement, and a triangular structure parallel to one side surface is made of the steel structure with the thickness of 3cm at intervals of 75cm on one side surface, and the three layers are total. And making a strip-shaped attaching base vertical to the bottom line of the side surface by using PVC materials on the four layers of inclined planes at intervals of about 20cm, wherein the width of the strip-shaped attaching base is 30 cm. The artificial fish reef can be independently put in, and a plurality of monomers can be connected together to be put in.
4. The culture method comprises the following steps:
(1) the algae cultivation area adopts a raft type rotation cultivation mode of kelp and gracilaria, kelp is cultivated in the middle ten days of 11 months to 6 months every year, the length of a raft body is 60-80m, the length of a seedling clamping rope is 5m, and 35-40 kelp seedlings are clamped by each rope; culturing Gracilaria in late 6 to 10 months every year, culturing the seaweed in the same length as the seedling clamping rope, clamping 2.5-3.5 Kg of Gracilaria lemaneiformis per rope, and harvesting one crop in 20-25 days.
(2) The abalone culture area adopts a raft type cage culture mode to culture the haliotis discus hannai, abalone cages are divided into 4-6 layers, the interlayer spacing is about 25cm, abalone shells are 2-3 cm long and breed 60 grains/layer-65 grains/layer, shells are 4-5 cm long and breed 40 grains/layer-50 grains/layer, shells are more than 5cm long and breed 25 grains/layer-30 grains/layer, seedlings are put in the early 5 months, kelp and asparagus are used for feeding every 3-5 days, compound feed is properly added, and cages are divided according to growth conditions and time in the culture process.
(3) The method comprises the steps of sowing 5 of the strongylocentrotus intermedius and the apostichopus japonicus at the bottom of an artificial fish reef in an algae cultivation area and an abalone cultivation area, wherein the diameter of the strongylocentrotus intermedius is 2cm-2.5cm, the number of the apostichopus japonicus is 1 at the bottom of each square meter, and the specification of the apostichopus japonicus is 100-150 heads/Kg.
Compared with the prior art, the artificial fish reef has the advantages that the artificial fish reef is stable in structure, reasonable in design and easy to process, every layer of attachment base is spaced by 75cm, the attachment area of cultured organisms is effectively increased, water flow is transparent, the artificial fish reef is suitable for propagation and growth of algae, microorganisms and the like, is suitable for growth of sea urchins, sea cucumbers and the like, and is convenient to harvest. The rotation cultivation of the kelp and the gracilaria can fully utilize the cultivation sea area and improve the production efficiency of the sea area. The alga culture provides high-quality bait for culturing the haliotis discus hannai, the shiitake-stramonium and the apostichopus japonicus, the excrement of the shiitake-stramonium and the apostichopus japonicus is also the high-quality bait for the apostichopus japonicus, and metabolites of the haliotis discus hannai, the shiitake-stramonium and the apostichopus japonicus provide proper organic fertilizer for the alga culture. The culture method effectively improves the utilization efficiency of substances and energy in the system, improves the annual unit area output value by more than 50 percent, effectively reduces the influence of culture production on the environment, and realizes ecological, efficient and low-carbon culture.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a culture area of the present patent;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an artificial fish reef structure;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the distribution of four layers of inclined surface adherends;
in the figure: 1-an algae cultivation area; 2-abalone culture area; 3-bottom sowing area; 4-artificial fish reef; 5-algae; 6-inclined plane; 7-a strip-like attachment group; 8-cage culture mode abalone
Detailed Description
Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. Before the description, it should be understood that the terms used in the specification and the appended claims should not be construed as limited to general and dictionary meanings, but interpreted based on the meanings and concepts corresponding to technical aspects of the present invention on the basis of the principle that the inventor is allowed to define terms appropriately for the best explanation. Accordingly, the description herein is of preferred examples for the purpose of illustration only and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, so it will be understood that other equivalent implementations and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.
Example 1:
a shallow sea ecological breeding method of kelp, gracilaria, haliotis discus hannai, strongylocentrotus nudus and apostichopus japonicus comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting a culture sea area: selecting a sea area near a Weihai Rong Chengwei rock village, selecting a sand-mud bottom sea area with water depth of 15-20 m, small water level drop, slow water flow speed and reef;
(2) cultivation distribution: in order to balance the nutritive salt in the sea area basically and facilitate the cultivation management, the sea area is divided into a cultivation area every 13 hectare, two adjacent cultivation areas with equal areas are an algae cultivation area and an abalone cultivation area respectively, organic fertilizer generated in the cultivation process of the haliotis discus hannai, the shima aquatica and the apostichopus japonicus can be fully utilized by the kelp and the gracilaria cultivated in the algae cultivation area, the eutrophication of the sea area is avoided, and the haliotis discus hannai, the shima aquatica and the apostichopus japonicus can be conveniently and fully utilized by the kelp and the gracilaria cultivated in the algae cultivation area as cultivation bait;
(3) artificial fish reef: the artificial fishing reef with the regular tetrahedron shape is thrown in the sea bottom of the culture area, the side surface without the inclined surface is perpendicular to the direction of water flow in the sea area during throwing, so that the water flow is smooth, the resistance is reduced, the stability is increased, and the influence of throwing the artificial fishing reef on ocean current in the sea area is reduced. This artificial fish reef is stable strong in aqueous, and the inclined plane of inside setting has effectively increased the breed area, has improved the utilization ratio of unit water, and the reproduction growth such as the alga of being convenient for, microorganism provides a large amount of basic bait for shrimp yima shiitake sea urchin, apostichopus japonicus. The design has the advantages that the space of 75cm is reserved between the adjacent inclined planes, the interval between the long-strip-shaped PVC materials adopted by the inclined planes is about 20cm, water flow is permeable, the organisms are convenient to breed, the algae are eaten to the back, and the collection of the cultured strongylocentrotus intermedius and the apostichopus japonicus by divers is facilitated.
(4) The culture method comprises the following steps: the algae cultivation area adopts a raft type rotation cultivation mode of kelp and gracilaria, algae in the area extends to about 5m underwater, the cultivation depth of the abalone cultivation area is 4m-8m underwater, the raft type cage cultivation mode is adopted to cultivate the haliotis discus hannai, and the shrimp, magnolia and sea urchin and apostichopus japonicus are sowed at the bottom of the artificial fish reef in the two cultivation areas.
Preferably, the artificial fish reef is in a regular tetrahedron shape with the side length of 3m, the frame is a steel structure with the thickness of 3cm, the bottom surface of the artificial fish reef is watered with cement, and the steel structure is made into a triangular structure parallel to one side surface at intervals of 75 cm; making strip-shaped attaching bases with the width of 30cm vertical to the bottom line of the side surface on the four layers of inclined planes by PVC materials every 20 cm; the attached base arrangement mode and the relative position on every inclined plane are the same, and from the direction of perpendicular to attached base, the attached base arrangement of the same position is on a straight line on 4 inclined planes, and the setting can make the gap between the attached base basically flat like this, makes rivers unobstructed, and this artificial fish reef can be thrown in alone, also can be put in together a plurality of monomers.
Preferably, the raft type rotation cultivation mode of the kelp and the gracilaria comprises the steps of cultivating the kelp in 11 to 6 middle-ten days every year, wherein the length of a raft body is 60-80m, the length of a seedling clamping rope is 5m, and 35-40 kelp seedlings are clamped by each rope; culturing gracilaria in the late 6 th to 10 th of the month each year, culturing the kelp in the same length as the raft body and the seedling clamping rope, clamping 2.5-3.5 Kg of asparagus per rope, and harvesting one crop in 20-25 days.
Preferably, the abalone culture area adopts a raft type cage culture mode to culture the Haliotis discus hannai, the abalone cages are 4-6 layers, the interlayer spacing is about 25cm, the abalone shell is 4-5 cm long, 40 seeds/layer-50 seeds/layer are cultured, the seedlings are put for the first 5 months, the kelp and the asparagus are used for feeding every 3-5 days, the compound feed is properly added, and the culture process needs to be performed according to the growth condition and the time division cage.
Preferably, 5 pieces of the strongylocentrotus intermedius are sowed at the bottom of each square meter, the specification is 2cm-2.5cm, 1 piece of the thorny-imitating strongylocentrotus intermedius is sowed at the bottom of each square meter, and the specification is 100 heads/Kg.
In the sea area of 333 hectare, 15600 tons of fresh kelp, 10200 tons of gracilaria, 1490 tons of haliotis discus hannai (cultivated and harvested in 1.5 years), 496 tons of shiitake stramonium urchin (cultivated and harvested in 2 years), 273 tons of apostichopus japonicus (cultivated and harvested in 3 years) are harvested, the total yield of 26738 ten thousand yuan is realized, and the average yield of the haliotis discus hannai, the shiitake stramonium urchin and the apostichopus japonicus reaches 15867 thousand yuan per year. Compared with the traditional culture method of culturing kelp and haliotis discus hannai in a raft mode and sowing the sea cucumbers in a bottom mode, the yield of the kelp is basically equal, the yield of the gracilaria is increased by 10200 tons, the annual yield of the haliotis discus hannai is increased by 17%, the annual yield of the sea urchin is increased by 248 tons, the annual yield of the sea cucumbers is increased by 22%, and according to the price calculation of 2018, the yield value of the sea cucumber cultivation method is increased by 5562 ten thousand yuan and the amplitude is increased by 54% compared.

Claims (8)

1. A shallow sea ecological breeding method of kelp, gracilaria, haliotis discus hannai, strongylocentrotus nudus and apostichopus japonicus is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) selecting a culture sea area: the water depth is 15m-20m, the water level drop is small, the water flow speed is slow, and the sand and mud bottom sea area is provided with reefs;
(2) cultivation distribution: dividing each 13 hectare of the sea area into a culture area, wherein two adjacent culture areas are an algae culture area and an abalone culture area respectively;
(3) artificial fish reef: putting regular tetrahedral artificial fishing reefs in the algae culture area and the abalone culture area respectively;
(4) the culture method comprises the following steps: the algae cultivation area adopts a raft type rotation cultivation mode of kelp and gracilaria; the abalone culture areas adopt a raft type cage culture mode to culture the haliotis discus hannai, and the two culture areas are used for sowing shrimp, magnolia fargesii and apostichopus japonicus at the bottom of an artificial fish reef.
2. The method for ecologically cultivating sea tangle, gracilaria, haliotis discus hannai, shiitake strongylocentrotus nudus and apostichopus japonicus in shallow sea according to claim 1, wherein the artificial fish reef is in a regular tetrahedron shape with 3m side length, the frame is a steel structure with 3cm thickness, the bottom surface is irrigated with cement, and the steel structure is made into a triangular structure parallel to one side surface at intervals of 75cm for three layers; long-strip-shaped attaching bases perpendicular to the bottom line of the side face are arranged on the four layers of inclined planes every 20 cm; the artificial fish reef is independently thrown or a plurality of monomers are thrown together.
3. The method for ecologically cultivating sea tangle, gracilaria, haliotis discus hannai, strongylocentrotus intermedius and apostichopus japonicus in shallow sea according to claim 2, wherein the width of the attaching base is 30cm, the arrangement mode and relative position of the attaching base on each inclined plane are the same, and the attaching base is made of PVC material.
4. The method for ecologically cultivating sea tangle, gracilaria, haliotis discus hannai, strongylocentrotus nudus and apostichopus japonicus in shallow sea according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the side surface without the added inclined surface is perpendicular to the water flow direction of the sea area when the artificial fish reef is thrown.
5. The method for ecologically cultivating sea tangle, gracilaria, haliotis discus hannai, strongylocentrotus intermedius and apostichopus japonicus in shallow sea according to claim 1, wherein the raft type rotation cultivation mode of sea tangle and gracilaria is that sea tangle is cultivated from 11 months to 6 months, the length of raft body is 60m-80m, the length of seedling clamping rope is 5m, and 35-40 seedlings of sea tangle are clamped by each rope; culturing Gracilaria in late 6 to 10 months every year, culturing the seaweed in the same length as the seedling clamping rope, clamping 2.5-3.5 Kg of Gracilaria lemaneiformis per rope, and harvesting one crop in 20-25 days.
6. The method for ecologically cultivating sea tangle, gracilaria, haliotis discus hannai, strongylocentrotus intermedius and apostichopus japonicus in shallow sea according to claim 1, wherein the haliotis discus hannai is cultivated in an abalone cultivation area in a raft type cage cultivation mode, the abalone cages are arranged in 4-6 layers, the interlayer spacing is about 25cm, 400-600 abalone fries are placed in each layer with the shell length of 2cm below, 200-300 abalone fries are placed in each layer with the shell length of 3cm, 100-150 abalone fries are placed in each layer with the shell length of 4-5 cm, 20-60 fries are placed in each layer with the shell length of 5cm above, the fries are placed in the early 5 month period, and cages are divided according to growth conditions in the cultivation process.
7. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the sea tangle, gracilaria, haliotis discus hannai, strongylocentrotus nudus and apostichopus japonicus selenka are planted at the bottom of each square meter for 2 pieces, the specification is 2cm-2.5cm, the apostichopus japonicus selenka is planted at the bottom of each 2 square meters for 1 piece, and the specification is 100 + 150 heads/Kg.
8. The method for ecologically cultivating the sea tangle, the gracilaria, the haliotis discus hannai, the shiitake strongylocentrotus nudus and the apostichopus japonicus in the shallow sea according to claim 1, wherein algae in the algae cultivation area extends to about 5m underwater, the cultivation depth of the abalone cultivation area is 4m-8m underwater, and the haliotis discus hannai is cultivated in a raft type cage cultivation mode.
CN202010310148.0A 2020-04-17 2020-04-17 Ecological breeding method for kelp, gracilaria, haliotis discus hannai, strongylocentrotus intermedius and apostichopus japonicus in shallow sea Expired - Fee Related CN111387041B (en)

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