CN113207764A - Method for promoting growth of stichopus japonicus offspring seeds by macroalgae - Google Patents
Method for promoting growth of stichopus japonicus offspring seeds by macroalgae Download PDFInfo
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- CN113207764A CN113207764A CN202110469751.8A CN202110469751A CN113207764A CN 113207764 A CN113207764 A CN 113207764A CN 202110469751 A CN202110469751 A CN 202110469751A CN 113207764 A CN113207764 A CN 113207764A
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- stichopus japonicus
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- macroalgae
- net cage
- pond
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- 241000965254 Apostichopus japonicus Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 65
- 241001474374 Blennius Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 241000195493 Cryptophyta Species 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 235000007516 Chrysanthemum Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 241000206581 Gracilaria Species 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 230000002354 daily effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 230000003203 everyday effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 241000723353 Chrysanthemum Species 0.000 claims description 8
- 241000251511 Holothuroidea Species 0.000 claims description 6
- 241000703939 Gracilariopsis longissima Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 241000193830 Bacillus <bacterium> Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 12
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 244000189548 Chrysanthemum x morifolium Species 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241000206572 Rhodophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012258 culturing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- -1 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/30—Culture of aquatic animals of sponges, sea urchins or sea cucumbers
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/60—Floating cultivation devices, e.g. rafts or floating fish-farms
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Farming Of Fish And Shellfish (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for promoting growth of stichopus japonicus offspring seeds in a net cage by macroalgae, which comprises the following steps: (1) and (3) putting the macroalgae: when the average water temperature of the pond is higher than 16 ℃, selecting the chrysanthemum gracilaria which grows vigorously and is healthy in color, removing the miscellaneous algae according to the formula of 200-2The density of the steel is put into a net cage with the size of 3m multiplied by 1.5m multiplied by 0.8 m; (2) putting stichopus japonicus seedlings: selecting disease-free healthy stichopus japonicus seeds, and putting 1kg of stichopus japonicus seeds with the specification of 2000 heads/kg in each net cage; (3) illumination and water body control: controlling the illumination at 3000-; controlling the temperature of the seawater in the pond to be 16-33 ℃ and controlling the salinity of the seawater to be 25-34; (4) bait casting and daily management: feeding bait for 1 time every day, wherein the feeding amount is 5% of the weight of the stichopus japonicus offspring seeds. The invention not only improves the growth rate and the survival rate of the stichopus japonicus, but also greatly reduces the production cost and ensures the production of stichopus japonicus offspring seeds; can be widely popularized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for culturing stichopus japonicus offspring seeds in net cages, in particular to Gracilaria verrucosa (F) with different densitiesGracilaria lichevoides) Promoting the growth of Apostichopus japonicus (D)Apostichopus japonicus) A method for growing seedlings, which belongs to the technical field of fishery ecological breeding.
Background
The pond culture area of the stichopus japonicus in China exceeds 50 ten thousand mu, only the Shandong is needed, the annual output value of the stichopus japonicus in 2018 is more than 100 hundred million yuan, and the stichopus japonicus is a marine culture variety with the highest single-variety output value. Shandong is a big province in the production of stichopus japonicus seedlings in China, more than 300 hundred million stichopus japonicus seedlings are produced in 2018, the stichopus japonicus seedlings account for more than 60% of the whole country, in recent years, the seedling protection area and the yield of the net cages of the pond are greatly increased, however, the unit area of the net cages of the stichopus japonicus pond is small, the environmental influence is large, and especially, the potential threat to the stichopus japonicus seedlings exists in summer. In recent years, due to global temperature rise, extreme rainfall weather frequently occurs in summer, serious threat is brought to pond culture of the stichopus japonicus, in summer of 2013 and 2016, the loss is affected by high temperature, rainfall and DO (dissolved oxygen) low, the loss reaches billions of yuan, and the development of the sea cucumber industry is seriously affected.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for promoting growth of stichopus japonicus fries in net cages by using macroalgae and discloses a means for improving the growth of the stichopus japonicus fries in the net cages in summer.
The invention discloses a method for promoting growth of stichopus japonicus fries of net cages by macroalgae, which uses the growth promoting effect of target macroalgae on the stichopus japonicus fries of the net cages in seawater ponds, and adopts the technical scheme that the method comprises the following steps:
(1) and (3) putting the macroalgae: when the average water temperature of the pond is higher than 16 ℃, selecting the chrysanthemum gracilaria which grows vigorously and is healthy in color, removing the miscellaneous algae according to the formula of 200-2The density of the steel is put into a net cage with the size of 3m multiplied by 1.5m multiplied by 0.8 m;
(2) putting stichopus japonicus seedlings: selecting disease-free healthy stichopus japonicus seeds, and putting 1kg of stichopus japonicus seeds with the specification of 2000 heads/kg in each net cage;
(3) illumination and water body control: controlling the illumination at 3000-; controlling the temperature of the seawater in the pond to be 16-33 ℃ and controlling the salinity of the seawater to be 25-34;
(4) bait casting and daily management: feeding bait for 1 time every day, wherein the feeding amount is 5% of the weight of the stichopus japonicus offspring seeds.
Further, when the average water temperature of the pond is lower than 16 ℃, the stichopus japonicus and the Chrysanthemum gracilaria are harvested.
Further, the density of the Gracilaria verrucosa in the step (1) is 300-2。
Further, the bait in the step (4) is a sea cucumber compound feed and sea mud, and the weight ratio of the sea cucumber compound feed to the sea mud is 1: 8.
Further, the daily management in the step (4) comprises cleaning the net cage, and 5 g/box of bacillus with the content of more than or equal to 200 hundred million CFU/g is put into the net cage every half month.
The large algae is sowed in the stichopus japonicus net cage, so that the effects of shading light, reducing temperature, stabilizing water environment and increasing palatable bait can be achieved, the greatest advantage is that DO in a water body is supplemented, and the effect is more obvious particularly in the high-temperature anoxic period of a pond. In northern China, the large-scale economic algae suitable for growing in the stichopus japonicus pond in high-temperature seasons are almost not available, so that the introduction of the large-scale economic algae suitable for growing has great significance in the research of related stichopus japonicus growth promoting technologies. The algae has at least 3 conditions, namely high temperature resistance, growth temperature of more than or equal to 34 ℃, suitability for bottom sowing growth in ponds, low requirement on water fluidity, strong vitality, strong adaptability to environmental change and no extreme putrefaction phenomenon.
A method for promoting growth of stichopus japonicus offspring seeds by macroalgae comprises (1) screening suitable algae; (2) the optimal growth condition of the algae in the pond net cage; (3) the optimal density of the algae for promoting the growth of the stichopus japonicus.
Selecting Chrysanthemum Gracilaria belonging to Rhodophyta Gracilaria (Rhodophyta) for several timesGracilariae) Taiwan origin, suitable growth temperature is 16 toThe artificial wetland is suitable for illumination of 2000-12000 lx at the temperature of 35 ℃, suitable for salinity of 15-35, strong in vitality and strong in adaptability to environmental changes.
The net cage seedling protection in the pond summer generally adopts a covering sunshade net to reduce light, and a polyethylene net piece is used as a reef to build a living and inhabiting environment of the stichopus japonicus. The method selects the high-temperature type macroalgae suitable for the bottom of the net cage to inhabit and grow, and performs the density experiment of the macroalgae and the stichopus japonicus fries under the specific condition to determine the optimal density of the macroalgae for promoting the growth of the stichopus japonicus fries.
The invention not only improves the growth rate and the survival rate of the stichopus japonicus, but also greatly reduces the production cost and ensures the production of stichopus japonicus offspring seeds; the survival rate of the thrown chrysanthemum gracilaria stichopus japonicus is respectively improved by 20.9-29.3 percent, the specific growth rate is improved by 0.74-1.24 percent, wherein the thrown chrysanthemum gracilaria is 200-800 g/m2Good effect and wide popularization.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows the survival rate and specific growth rate of Stichopus japonicus in different algal densities.
In the figure, the difference was significant (p < 0.05), and the difference was very significant (p < 0.01).
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the invention is further illustrated below with reference to specific examples, which are not to be construed as limiting the technical solution.
(1) The experimental time ranged from 6 months and 25 days in 2020 to 25 months and 9 months in 2020.
(2) The specification of the experimental net cage is (3 m multiplied by 1.5m multiplied by 0.8 m). At 0g/m2、100g/m2、200g/m2、400g/m2、800g/m2The density gradient of the algae is set up by three repeated experiments.
(3) About 1kg of stichopus japonicus with the specification of 2000 heads/kg is put in each net cage.
(4) And (3) illumination control: and controlling the illumination of 3000-12000 lx in the daytime by using a sunshade net.
(5) No fertilizer is applied and no water is changed. The temperature of the seawater in the pond is 16-33 ℃, and the salinity of the seawater is 25-34.
(6) Feeding: feeding 50g per box 1 time every day, wherein the bait comprises the following components: sea cucumber compound feed + sea mud =1+8
(7) Cleaning a net cage: 5g of bacillus (the content is more than or equal to 200 hundred million CFU/g) is put in each half month.
The survival rates and specific growth rates of stichopus japonicus in different algae density groups are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 survival rate and growth rate of Stichopus japonicus of different algae density groups
As can be seen from Table 1, the survival rate of the Gracilaria verrucosa experimental group added with chrysanthemum is respectively improved by 20.9-29.3% and the specific growth rate is improved by 0.74-1.24% compared with the control group of stichopus japonicus.
Fig. 1 was made according to table 1.
As can be seen from FIG. 1, the difference between the survival rate and specific growth rate of the stichopus japonicus in the experimental group and the control group is significant (p is less than 0.01), the difference between the survival rate of the stichopus japonicus in the experimental group 1 and the survival rate of the stichopus japonicus in other experimental groups is significant (p is less than 0.05), the difference between the specific growth rate of the stichopus japonicus in the experimental group 1 and the specific growth rate of the stichopus japonicus in the experimental group 3 is significant (p is less than 0.05), and the combination of the survival rate and specific growth rate of the stichopus japonicus in the experimental group 1 and the specific growth rate of the stichopus japonicus in the experimental group 3 shows that the Gracilaria verrucosa chrysanthemi is thrown in 200-800 g/m2The experimental group has good effect.
The method for promoting the growth of the stichopus japonicus fries in the net cage by using the macroalgae in the high-temperature period has no toxic or side effect and low price, improves the growth rate and the survival rate of the stichopus japonicus, greatly reduces the production cost and provides technical support for ensuring the yield of the stichopus japonicus fries.
Claims (5)
1. A method for promoting growth of stichopus japonicus offspring seeds by macroalgae is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) and (3) putting the macroalgae: when the average water temperature of the pond is higher than 16 ℃, selecting the chrysanthemum gracilaria which grows vigorously and is healthy in color, removing the miscellaneous algae according to the formula of 200-2The density of the steel is put into a net cage with the size of 3m multiplied by 1.5m multiplied by 0.8 m;
(2) putting stichopus japonicus seedlings: selecting disease-free healthy stichopus japonicus seeds, and putting 1kg of stichopus japonicus seeds with the specification of 2000 heads/kg in each net cage;
(3) illumination and water body control: controlling the illumination at 3000-; controlling the temperature of the seawater in the pond to be 16-33 ℃ and controlling the salinity of the seawater to be 25-34;
(4) bait casting and daily management: feeding bait for 1 time every day, wherein the feeding amount is 5% of the weight of the stichopus japonicus offspring seeds.
2. The method for promoting growth of stichopus japonicus offspring seeds by macroalgae according to claim 1, wherein the stichopus japonicus and the Chrysanthemum gracilaria are harvested when the average water temperature of the pond is lower than 16 ℃.
3. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the density of the Gracilaria verrucosa in step (1) is 300-2。
4. The method for promoting growth of stichopus japonicus offspring seeds by macroalgae according to claim 1, wherein the bait in the step (4) is a sea cucumber compound feed and sea mud, and the weight ratio of the sea cucumber compound feed to the sea mud is 1: 8.
5. The method for promoting growth of stichopus japonicus offspring seeds by macroalgae according to claim 1, wherein the daily management in the step (4) comprises cleaning the net cage, and 5 g/box of bacillus with the content of more than or equal to 200 hundred million CFU/g is put into the net cage every half month.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114365710A (en) * | 2021-12-23 | 2022-04-19 | 江苏海洋大学 | In-situ resource utilization method for tail water of stichopus japonicus aquaculture pond |
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