CN106852287B - Ecological breeding method for holothuria scabra in halophilic grass transplanting seaweed field - Google Patents

Ecological breeding method for holothuria scabra in halophilic grass transplanting seaweed field Download PDF

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CN106852287B
CN106852287B CN201611145512.2A CN201611145512A CN106852287B CN 106852287 B CN106852287 B CN 106852287B CN 201611145512 A CN201611145512 A CN 201611145512A CN 106852287 B CN106852287 B CN 106852287B
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pond
halophilic
transplanting
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holothuria
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CN106852287A (en
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刘旭佳
周毅
黄国强
彭银辉
王志成
陈祯东
文雪
杨家林
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GUANGXI ZHUANG AUTONOMOUS REGION INSTITUTE OF OCEANOLOGY
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01KANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
    • A01K61/00Culture of aquatic animals
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G22/00Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for

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  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
  • Animal Husbandry (AREA)
  • Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Cultivation Of Seaweed (AREA)
  • Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
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Abstract

The invention discloses an ecological breeding method of holothuria scabra in a halophilic grass transplanting seaweed field, which comprises the following technical steps: pond conditions; pre-treatment of transplantation; investigating halophila fondana; collecting halophila palmeriana; transplanting halophila; holothuria fuscogramma culture and pond water replenishing. The invention reasonably selects the grass planting time and the sea cucumber specification, and the holothuria scabra is cultured in the halophilic grass transplanting grassland, so that the ecological function of the halophilic grass grassland is successfully utilized and embodied. In the culture process, water changing, oxygen increasing and medicine adding are not needed, the cost is low, the culture effect is good, and the method can be used as a high-efficiency and ecological culture method suitable for the holothuria fuscogensis. The invention provides reference for the recovery of seaweed resources and the diversified mode culture of holothuria fuscogongensis. The holothuria scabra cultured by the method lasts for 60 days, and the weight of the holothuria scabra reaches 42.7 to 43.5 g/head.

Description

Ecological breeding method for holothuria scabra in halophilic grass transplanting seaweed field
Technical Field
The invention relates to an ecological breeding method of holothuria scabra in a halophilic grass transplanting seaweed field, belonging to the technical field of mariculture.
Background
Sea cucumber (Brown sea cucumber)Holothuria scabra)The sea cucumber is commonly called as the root of straight ladybell, has higher nutritional value and medicinal value, and is one of the popular edible sea cucumbers in south China. The biological organic fertilizer has the characteristics of high temperature resistance and wide salt property, mainly takes organic matters in sediments as nutrition, mainly takes diatoms, bacteria, protozoa, blue algae, porophytes, organic debris of animals and plants and the like in substrate as food, and is a typical sedimentary feeder animal. Rough sea distributed in the North sea of Guangxi province at presentThe natural resources of the sea cucumbers are in a severe exhaustion state, the domestic cultivation research on the holothuria fuscogilva is in a primary stage, the cultivation reports in large-area sea areas and ponds are less, particularly, the research on the holothuria fuscogilva cultivation in a halophilic seaweed farm is more rare, the halophilic seaweed farm is an excellent ecological environment for the growth of marine organisms, and the survival rate, the growth speed and the growth quality of the holothuria fuscogilva are greatly improved when the holothuria fuscogilva is cultivated in the excellent ecological environment.
Xiyancao (Xiyancao)Halophila ovalis) Belongs to the order of marshlians, the family of water turtle, the genus of halicaceae, is a perennial subtropical seaweed species, and is mainly distributed in the sea areas of Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, hong Kong and the like in China. The seaweed bed not only can be used as an important primary producer, but also can provide inhabitation, breeding and protection places for marine animals. The seaweed bed can change the water body power, reduce the disturbance of water flow to the sea bottom, and filter sediments and nutrient substances from the water flow, and is favorable for stabilizing the substrate and keeping the transparency of seawater. Seaweed can provide a food source for many marine organisms, and therefore, the seaweed farm has an important marine ecological service function.
The research on the cultivation of the holothuria scabra in the ecological environment of the industrial halophilic grass sea-grass field is significant in the invention, and has very important practical application prospect. At present, no ecological breeding method for holothuria scabra in a halophilic grass transplanting seaweed field is reported.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides an ecological breeding method of holothuria scabra in a halophilic grass transplanting seaweed field, which aims to solve the problems of high breeding cost, more diseases and the like in the process of breeding the holothuria.
In order to realize the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: an ecological breeding method of holothuria scabra in a halophilic grass transplanting seaweed field comprises the following specific technical steps:
(1) pond conditions: selecting a pond with a sediment bottom, wherein the pond has an area of about 2-3 mu and a depth of 1-1.5 m, and river sand or sea sand with a thickness of 20-30 cm and a particle size of 0.5-3.0 mm is paved at the bottom of the pond;
(2) pre-treatment of transplantation: washing the pond with the sediment substrate with tap water, insolating for 5-7 days, sowing commercially available sea cucumber adult sea cucumber feed according to the amount of 0.5 kg/square meter of the area of the pond bottom, turning over once on the surface of sand at the pond bottom, increasing the mud content in the sand, uniformly mixing the feed and the sand, increasing the fertility of the sand, and providing a sediment substrate and nutrient elements for the transplantation and growth of halophilic grasses;
(3) investigating halophila: investigating the distribution condition of halophila palmeriana in coastal sea areas, when the distribution area reaches 1-2 mu, the halophila palmeriana can be used as an optimal collection area, if the distribution area of the halophila palmeriana is less than 100 square meters, the halophila palmeriana is not collected, and the stability of the original ecological system of the sea grass field is prevented from being damaged;
(4) collecting halophila paradisi: collecting halophilic grass at intervals of 20 cm in a halophilic grass distribution sea area, pulling out the halophilic grass together with the stolons and roots, taking the stolons with the length of 10 cm as a transplanting unit, collecting and placing in a PVC box filled with seawater for preservation, and setting the temperature to be 20-25 ℃ for transplanting;
(5) d, halophila transplantation: the transplanting time is selected to be carried out at the time of high tide of 6-10 months in summer, firstly, seawater is introduced into the pond, halophilic grass transplanting is started when the seawater is introduced into the pond to the depth of 20-30 cm, a ditch which is 10 cm long and 5 cm deep is scribed by a plastic pipe which is 20 cm long in length during transplanting, roots and stolons of the halophilic grass are buried in the ditch, leaves are exposed, the stolons are placed to be in a horizontal state, the burying depth is 2-3 cm, after the transplanting is finished, next seaweed units are sequentially transplanted, the interval between the transplanting units is 5 cm, the transplanting row spacing is 20 cm, after the transplanting is finished, the pond is filled with water to the depth of 1.2m, the temperature range of the pond seawater is 26-31 ℃ during the period, the salinity range is 28-31ppt, and the number, the growth condition and the survival rate of the halophilic grass are observed and counted after;
(6) culturing brown sea cucumbers: after the halophilic grass is successfully transplanted, transplanting the holothuria scabra with the specification of 15-20 g into a transplanting seaweed area, observing the growth condition of the holothuria scabra every day, feeding about 200g of holothurian feed every time, feeding once every 3 days, and counting the survival rate and the growth effect after 2 months;
(7) pond water replenishing: due to the problem of water seepage of the pond, when the water level is reduced, the water level is supplemented to the original height, and after 60 days of culture, the weight of the holothuria fuscogilva reaches 42.7 to 43.5 grams per head.
The invention adopting the measures reasonably selects the grass planting time and the sea cucumber specification, cultivates the holothuria scabra in the halophilic grass transplanting grassland, and successfully utilizes and embodies the ecological function of the halophilic grass grassland. In the culture process, water changing, oxygen increasing and medicine adding are not needed, the cost is low, the culture effect is good, and the method can be used as a high-efficiency and ecological culture method suitable for the holothuria fuscogensis. The invention provides reference for the recovery of seaweed resources and the diversified mode culture of holothuria fuscogongensis. The weight of the holothuria scabra cultured by the method can reach 42.7 to 43.5 g/head after the holothuria scabra is cultured for 60 days, but the holothuria scabra not cultured in a halophilic grass field has the same culture time of 60 days, the average weight of the holothuria scabra is only 38.1 g/head to 39.4 g/head, and the holothuria scabra cultured by the method can increase 4.35 g compared with the holothuria scabra not cultured in the halophilic grass field under the same condition.
Detailed Description
Example 1
(1) Pond conditions: selecting a sediment pond with the area of about 2-3 mu and the depth of 1-1.5 m. River sand or sea sand with the thickness of 20-30 cm and the particle size of 0.5-3.0 mm is paved at the bottom of the pool.
(2) Pre-treatment of transplantation: and (4) washing the cement pond by using tap water, and insolating for 5-7 days. The commercial sea cucumber adult sea cucumber feed is sowed according to the amount of 0.5 kilogram per square meter of the bottom area of the pool, plowing is carried out once on the surface of sand, the mud content in the sand is increased, meanwhile, the fertilizer and the sand are uniformly mixed, the fertility of the sand is increased, and a sediment matrix and nutrient elements are provided for halophilic grass transplantation and growth and holothuria scabra culture. The area of the pond is divided into 20 meters by a net2Has 2 lattices, marked as 1# and 2#, and prevents the trepang from drilling out.
(3) Investigating halophila: investigating halophila distribution in coastal waters of the North sea of GuangxiWhen the area of the plant can reach 1 mu, the plant can be used as the optimum collection area, if the distribution area of the halophila is small (<100 m2) And the collection is not carried out, so that the stability of the original ecological system of the sea grass field is prevented from being damaged.
(4) Collecting halophila paradisi: collecting halophilic grass at intervals of 20 cm in a halophilic grass distribution sea area, pulling out the halophilic grass together with stolons and roots, taking the length of 10 cm stolons as a transplanting unit, placing the transplanting unit in a laboratory of a bamboo forest culture and proliferation test base of a marine research institute after collection, placing the transplanting unit in a PVC box filled with seawater, and preserving for 1-2 days at the temperature of 20-25 ℃ for transplanting.
(5) Transplanting time: at the climax of 6 months in the summer in the north sea of Guangxi.
(6) Pond water inlet: the seawater is introduced into the pond by about 20-30 cm, and halophilic grass transplantation is started.
(7) D, halophila transplantation: in the lattices of the transplanting area, a plastic pipe with the length of 20 cm is utilized to scratch a ditch with the length of 10 cm and the length of 5 cm on the surface of the sediment of the pond grid area, the roots and stolons of halophilic grasses are buried in the ditch, the blades are exposed, the stolons are placed to be in a horizontal state as far as possible, and the burying depth is preferably 2-3 cm. After transplanting, the next seaweed unit is transplanted in sequence. The graft units are spaced about 5 cm apart and the graft row spacing is about 20 cm. Each grid had a total of 700 seaweed transplant units, about 2800 plants, and a total of 2 grids.
(8) Water inflow after transplantation: after the transplantation was completed, the pond was flooded to a depth of 1.2 meters. After 60 days, the number and growth of halophilous grasses were observed and counted.
(9) And (4) counting after transplantation: after 60 days, when the tide is high, the pond water is drained to 20 cm, and the growth condition of halophilic grass is observed. The investigation finds that the 1# and 2# lattices have good growth vigor of halophila palmata, some halophila palmata transplanting units are connected, and the row spacing is not obvious; some plants died after transplantation and showed plaque distribution. Each grid draws 2 pieces of 1 meter2The statistics of the sample prescription are carried out, the average values are 98 plants and 103 plants respectively, and the survival rate is 70 percent and 74 percent. After the investigation is finished, the pond is filled with water to the original height.
(10) Culturing brown sea cucumbers: the sea cucumber with the specification of about 20 g is put into 2 lattices of transplanted seaweed with 100 heads per lattice, the amount of the sea cucumber feed is about 200g per feeding, the sea cucumber feed is fed once every 3 days, and the sea mud and the seaweed meal are mixed and stirred into blocks to be put at the bottom of the pool.
(11) Pond water replenishing: because the pond is likely to seep water, when the water level is reduced, the water level is supplemented to the original height.
Through observation, the holothuria fuscogilva can normally drill in and out a sediment substrate in the day, and the growth effect is good. According to the behavior law of holothuria scabra, a sand surface is drilled in the afternoon to the evening, and the amount of the holothuria scabra is 79 heads and 85 heads (the sand surface may not be drilled in parts) respectively by statistics after water drainage in the 8 months at high tide, and the weight of the holothuria scabra is 43.5 g/head to 42.7 g/head.
Comparative example 2
This example is an example of breeding holothuria scabra in a halophilic grassland.
(1) Pond conditions: selecting a sediment pond with the area of about 2-3 mu and the depth of 1-1.5 m. River sand or sea sand with the thickness of 20-30 cm and the particle size of 0.5-3.0 mm is paved at the bottom of the pool.
(2) Pretreatment before breeding: and (4) washing the cement pond by using tap water, and insolating for 5-7 days. The commercial sea cucumber adult sea cucumber feed is sowed according to the amount of 0.5 kilogram per square meter of the area of the bottom of the pool, plowing is carried out once on the surface of sand, the mud content in the sand is increased, meanwhile, the fertilizer and the sand are uniformly mixed, the fertility of the sand is increased, and the sand matrix and nutrient elements are provided for the culture of the brown sea cucumber. The area of the pond is divided into 20 meters by a net22 lattices.
(3) Pond water inlet: the pond is filled with water to a depth of about 1.2 meters.
(4) Culturing brown sea cucumbers: the sea cucumbers with the specification of about 20 g are put into 2 grids of the pond. 100 heads per lattice, the feeding amount of each time is about 200g of sea cucumber feed, the sea cucumber feed is fed once every 3 days, and the sea mud and the seaweed meal are mixed and stirred into blocks to be thrown into the bottom of the pool.
(5) Pond water replenishing: because the pond is likely to seep water, when the water level is reduced, the water level is supplemented to the original height.
According to observation, the holothuria fuscogutzfeldt can normally drill in and drill out sediment substrates every day, and the number of the holothuria fuscogutzfeldt is 75 heads and 77 heads (sand surfaces may not be drilled out individually) respectively by statistics after water drainage at the time of 8 months high tide, and the weight of the holothuria fuscogutzfeldt is 38.1 g/head to 39.4 g/head.

Claims (1)

1. An ecological breeding method of holothuria scabra in a halophilic grass transplanting seaweed field is characterized by comprising the following specific technical steps:
(1) pond conditions: selecting a pond with a sediment bottom, wherein the pond has an area of about 2-3 mu and a depth of 1-1.5 m, and river sand or sea sand with a thickness of 20-30 cm and a particle size of 0.5-3.0 mm is paved at the bottom of the pond;
(2) pre-treatment of transplantation: washing the pond with the sediment substrate with tap water, insolating for 5-7 days, sowing commercially available sea cucumber adult sea cucumber feed according to the amount of 0.5 kg/square meter of the area of the pond bottom, turning over once on the surface of sand at the pond bottom, increasing the mud content in the sand, uniformly mixing the feed and the sand, increasing the fertility of the sand, and providing a sediment substrate and nutrient elements for the transplantation and growth of halophilic grasses;
(3) investigating halophila: investigating the distribution condition of halophila palmeriana in coastal sea areas, when the distribution area reaches 1-2 mu, the halophila palmeriana can be used as an optimal collection area, if the distribution area of the halophila palmeriana is less than 100 square meters, the halophila palmeriana is not collected, and the stability of the original ecological system of the sea grass field is prevented from being damaged;
(4) collecting halophila paradisi: collecting halophilic grass at intervals of 20 cm in a halophilic grass distribution sea area, pulling out the halophilic grass together with the stolons and roots, taking the stolons with the length of 10 cm as a transplanting unit, collecting and placing in a PVC box filled with seawater for preservation, and setting the temperature to be 20-25 ℃ for transplanting;
(5) d, halophila transplantation: the transplanting time is selected to be carried out at the time of high tide of 6-10 months in summer, firstly, seawater is introduced into the pond, halophilic grass transplanting is started when the seawater is introduced into the pond to the depth of 20-30 cm, a ditch which is 10 cm long and 5 cm deep is scribed by a plastic pipe which is 20 cm long in length during transplanting, roots and stolons of the halophilic grass are buried in the ditch, leaves are exposed, the stolons are placed to be in a horizontal state, the burying depth is 2-3 cm, after the transplanting is finished, next seaweed units are sequentially transplanted, the interval between the transplanting units is 5 cm, the transplanting row spacing is 20 cm, after the transplanting is finished, the pond is filled with water to the depth of 1.2m, the temperature range of the pond seawater is 26-31 ℃ during the period, the salinity range is 28-31ppt, and the number, the growth condition and the survival rate of the halophilic grass are observed and counted after;
(6) culturing brown sea cucumbers: after the halophilic grass is successfully transplanted, transplanting the holothuria scabra with the specification of 15-20 g into a transplanting seaweed area, observing the growth condition of the holothuria scabra every day, feeding about 200g of holothurian feed every time, feeding once every 3 days, and counting the survival rate and the growth effect after 2 months;
(7) pond water replenishing: due to the problem of water seepage of the pond, when the water level is reduced, the water level is supplemented to the original height, and the weight of the holothuria fuscogilva can reach 42.7 to 43.5 grams per head after the holothuria fuscogilva is cultured for 60 days.
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CN115443901B (en) * 2022-09-23 2023-12-01 海南大学 Breeding method of salicornia ovalifolia and repairing method of seaweed bed
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