CN102422820A - Method for maturing wild Holothuria scabra by manual intensive culture in indoor cement pond - Google Patents
Method for maturing wild Holothuria scabra by manual intensive culture in indoor cement pond Download PDFInfo
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- CN102422820A CN102422820A CN2011102600054A CN201110260005A CN102422820A CN 102422820 A CN102422820 A CN 102422820A CN 2011102600054 A CN2011102600054 A CN 2011102600054A CN 201110260005 A CN201110260005 A CN 201110260005A CN 102422820 A CN102422820 A CN 102422820A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for maturing wild Holothuria scabra by manual intensive culture in an indoor cement pond. The method is carried out by the following steps of: collecting grown-up sea cucumbers of wild Holothuria scabra->fostering and screening the grown-up sea cucumbers->washing and disinfecting a breeding pond->modifying the breeding pond->feeding water into the breeding pond->disinfecting the grown-up sea cucumbers->putting the grown-up sea cucumbers into the pond->carrying out daily management measures. In the invention, by utilizing comprehensive technical measures combining the modification of environment conditions and intensification of inner nutrition, conditions including water quality, bottom materials, light illumination and the like which are close to wild habitats of the wild Holothuria scabra are created in the indoor cement pond; meanwhile, artificial compound feed with comprehensively-balanced nutrition is fed, scientific daily management is carried out to enable the wild Holothuria scabra from the natural sea to be better adapted to the indoor cultivation environment, and the survival rate reaches more than 95%; meanwhile, the wild Holothuria scabra can rapidly grow and the weight is increased from 100-200 g to 300 g in a short period (30-40 days); the growth of sexual glands of the wild Holothuria scabra are mature so that the wild Holothuria scabra can be used as seed sea cucumbers and the ratio of the group mature seed sea cucumber reaches 20%.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of aquaculture, specifically is the artificial intensive culture accelerating of the indoor cement pit of wild rough sea cucumber method.
Background technology
Rough sea cucumber is a kind of tropical sea cucumber of China, has very high economic worth and medical value.70～eighties of last century, rough sea cucumber once had distribution widely in China's The South China coastal, and stock number is very big.Afterwards, because overfishing and environmental deterioration, the natural resources amount sharply descends, and only also has a spot of natural population to exist in China's east of Hainan Island at present.For the restore nature resource, artificial breeding is necessary approach with propagating artificially.The artificial breeding time of carrying out of domestic rough sea cucumber has only short 1 year, small scale, and make slow progress.Except seedling growing process is that all right ripe, critical limitation factor breeds exactly that parent participation is simple to rely on natural fishing for, and the natural rough sea cucumber quantity of catching is very little, and most gonad development is immature.Because also growing up at individuality, natural rough sea cucumber in the sea just has not been caught in (100～200g's is individual in the majority); Their growth times in natural marine site generally have only 1 year or some months; The sexual gland of 90% individuality is all immature, can't use as the parent participation of breeding and seedling.Therefore, under the condition that existing natural resources lack, how to become these prematurities of catching ginseng cultivation within a short period of time ripe, supply artificial propagation required, its practical significance is very big.The present invention has developed effective natural rough sea cucumber artificial culture accelerating technology, has solved the problem that rough sea cucumber parent participation source lacks to a certain extent.
When carrying out rough sea cucumber artificial propagation, putting seed ginseng in a suitable place to breed at cement pit only is a kind of measure of supporting temporarily in the past, thisly supports neither bait throwing in temporarily, does not also do any transformation to cultivating the pond.The problem that this method for temporarily cultivating exists is: (1) seed ginseng lethality is higher, cultures 1 month, and lethality is up to 20～30%; If the environment water temperature is higher, lethality even higher.Reason has three aspects: the one, and rough sea cucumber is very sensitive to environmental change.The natural habitat difference of indoor environment and rough sea cucumber is too big, and seed ginseng is incompatible fully to indoor cement pit, can self internal organ be spued, and causes having a delicate constitution; Secondly, rough sea cucumber does not ingest, and nutritional deficiency is lower for the resistance, and death easily also induces an illness; The 3rd, rough sea cucumber is when creeping at the bottom of the exposed coarse cement pit, and epidermis can be galled, and forms wound, and bacteria infection is dead easily.(2) seed ginseng is low at the sexual maturity proportion of mating season, has only 10%.The seed ginseng gonad development is slow during supporting temporarily, even degenerates, and work makes a big impact to artificial breeding.
At present researchers have grasped the biological property of the aspects such as habitat, feeding habits of rough sea cucumber basically; Mainly contain following several respects: (1) is to requirements in water quality: rough sea cucumber is very sensitive to the variation of water quality factors such as water temperature, salinity; The happiness high salinity; Be the stenohalinity kind, salinity requires more than 26 ‰; If salinity descends or water temperature sharply changes, it is dirty or dead to cause that all rough sea cucumber tells; (2) to the requirement of substrate: like husky mud substrate, more smooth, have sea grass the sea area of giving birth to.The sea cucumber that grows in the natural surroundings relies on the silt in the seabed of eating, and draws organic substance in the silt as idiotrophic, the place that sea grass then provides rough sea cucumber to hide harmful animal, and the leaf of sea grass and root also are one of food of sea cucumber; (3) to the requirement of illumination: sea cucumber perches in the seabed of the depth of water more than 5 meters more, does not like light, and happiness is dark, and life habit is for hiding by day and coming out at night.
The biological property of above-mentioned rough sea cucumber is a basic foundation of the present invention.The present invention has improved original rough sea cucumber method for temporarily cultivating according to above-mentioned habit, has formulated concrete technical measures targetedly.Set forth as follows: (1) provides cleaning, salinity to be higher than 30 ‰ high salinity seawater as the cultivation water, satisfies rough sea cucumber to requirements in water quality; Strengthen changing water and blowdown in the nurturing period simultaneously, all require thoroughly to wash the pond every day and change water, keep water quality good, avoid the water quality and the substrate worsening condition of cement pit.Like this, rough sea cucumber is raised and in indoor cement pit, can conform well, and unlikely generation radical response reduces disease to greatest extent and takes place with dead; (2) to the requirement of rough sea cucumber to substrate, the present invention is layer of fine sand in shop, cement pit bottom, and is unlikely injured when layer of sand can make rough sea cucumber creep; And layer of sand also is the best food carrier of rough sea cucumber, and can ingest when rough sea cucumber eats sand grains mixes bait wherein, absorbs extraneous nutrition, and the method has guaranteed that rough sea cucumber seed ginseng ingests well, helps its g and D; (3) like dark habit to rough sea cucumber, present technique is placed pvc pipe as adherance in cement pit, can supply seed ginseng to hide; At cement pit top cover black puggaree, avoid extraneous light to cause that excessively by force seed ginseng is incompatible simultaneously; And under dark surrounds, rough sea cucumber ingest time is not limited only to evening, also can ingest by day, and ingest time increases accelerating seed ginseng growth and gonad development very favourable; (4) the balanced artificial feed of comprehensive nutrition of throwing something and feeding are keys of accelerating the seed ginseng gonad development.The bait of artificial preparation is made up of Stichopus japonicus material ooze and bean powder; The animal protein content of young ginseng material is very high; Ooze contains abundant vitamin and trace element, and bean powder provides vegetable protein, and this several nutritious matter all is to promote that the seed ginseng gonad development is necessary.
Summary of the invention
The present invention provides a kind of advanced person, the intensive culture of the indoor cement pit manual work of wild rough sea cucumber fast accelerating method in order to remedy the deficiency of original method for temporarily cultivating.
The technical scheme that the present invention solves the problems of the technologies described above is following.
The artificial intensive culture accelerating of the indoor cement pit of a kind of wild rough sea cucumber method, concrete technical measures and implementation step are following:
1. collect wild rough sea cucumber and become ginseng
Collect the wild rough sea cucumber one-tenth ginseng that artificial diving is caught, about individual weight 100～200g, the individual requirement: body surface does not have obviously injured; Feel is thick and heavy, and muscle is full, and physical health has vigor.
2. become ginseng to support temporarily, screen
Become ginseng transport back indoor after, be placed on earlier in plastic basin or the Plastic Drum of 200L and supported 2 days temporarily, it is told a large amount of silts, ight soil in the stomach totally; Change water every day 2 times, thoroughly remove the dirt that sea cucumber spues, examine the activity of sea cucumber, individuality epidermis during supporting temporarily is obviously damaged or that tell internal organ is chosen and is abandoned.
3. cultivate the cleaning and the sterilization in pond
Cultivating the pond is indoor cement pit, area 10m
2Dark 2m, with around the indoor cement pool wall and pond basal surface dirt thoroughly scrub clean, add running water to 1.5m; Preparation 10ppm strong chlorine oil disinfectant; To the sterilization of splashing of full pond and pool side aisle comprehensively, cement pit continues to drain water behind the soaking disinfection 24h, with running water strong chlorine oil disinfectant in the cement pit is rinsed well.
4. cultivate the transformation in pond
1. cultivate pond installation air inflation: the hard polvinyl choride pipe that the installation of cement pit bottom is communicated with air pump is as air inflation, and tracheal diameter 2cm is the gas outlet at a distance from 1 hole of 1m brill whenever, confirms pore quantity according to cultivating pool area, and stomatal frequency is about 1/m
2
2. cultivate pond substrate transformation: the sanding in the cement pit bottom, preparing particle size is the fine sand about 1mm, with 10ppm strong chlorine oil soaking disinfection 24h, with running water the strong chlorine oil disinfectant is rinsed well; Sand is laid on the cement pit bottom, and sand layer thickness is 5～10cm, and is thicker near water inlet one end layer of sand, more shallow near delivery port one end layer of sand, is certain slope.
3. drop into adherance: need place adherance in cement pit bottom and supply sea cucumber to hide, climb and scrape the food debris that adheres to above the food; Adherance is the white PVC plastic tube of diameter 15cm, every long 50cm, and the two ends open-ended, 15～20 circular holes that quantity does not wait, aperture 1cm are bored in the plastic tube surface; The supply volume of adherance is 1/m in the pond
2
4. the pond light intensity is cultivated in adjustment
Cover the cement pit top with high density polyethylene (HDPE) black sunshade net sheet, but sunshade net individual layer or bilayer keep the interior light intensity of cement pit to be no more than 100 luxs.
5. cultivate the pond water inlet
Extract good, the free of contamination natural sea-water of water quality with water pumper, filter laggardly to go into cement pit and cultivate water as sea cucumber through sand filter; Pond water 1.5m, the seawater of extraction should meet following standard: pH7.5～8.4, salinity 30～34 ‰, 26～30 ℃ of temperature, nitrite is lower than 0.10mg/L, and ammonia nitrogen concentration is lower than 0.5mg/L.
6. become the ginseng sterilization
Compound concentration is penicillin 160～2,400,000 IU/m
3The sterilization seawater, open the air inflation air valve, be inflated to the water surface and bubble just occurred, step 2) soak 20～30min in the one-tenth parametric amplifier entry of select and do and disinfect, pull out then, clean 2 times with clean seawater, prepare the pond.
7. become to participate in the pond
To become ginseng to put into gently and cultivate the pond, breeding density is 5～10/m
2Open the inflation of air inflation air valve, keep the inflated condition of step 6), build the sunshade net.
8. daily management measure
1. throw something and feed: throwing something and feeding every day accounts for the artifical compound feed of sea cucumber TBW 5% in the pond, and manufactured feed mixes together with the young ginseng feed of north stichopus japonicus, bean powder and ooze, and ratio is: young ginseng material: bean powder: ooze=50: 10: 40.Throw something and feed every day 1 time, the time of throwing something and feeding is 19:00～20:00 in evening.
2. wash the pond:
Thoroughly wash the pond every day, clean sea cucumber ight soil and the remaining bait cultivated in the pond.Washing the pond time is 16:00～17:00 every afternoon.Wash the pond method: drain Chi Shui; Drain clean seawater with the small-power water pumper, wash around the pool wall earlier and adherance surfaces externally and internally dirt, then from the fine sand of cement pit discharge outlet at the bottom of water inlet direction flushing tank; Manual adjustments water pumper delivery port water flow impact pressure is suitable; Residual bait and ight soil in the layer of sand are all floated, and along with current slowly flow out from delivery port, the layer of sand sand grains is still stayed in the pond.Flushing is all discharged until dirt repeatedly; Observe layer of sand sand grains color and become white basically, explain that dirt is rinsed well in the pond, can stop flushing from black or brown.
3. change water:
After washing the pond and accomplishing, change water 100%, adding meets: pH7.5～8.4, salinity 30～34 ‰, 26～30 ℃ of temperature, nitrite are lower than seawater to the pond water 1.5m that 0.10mg/L, ammonia nitrogen concentration are lower than 0.5mg/L.
Advantage of the present invention: the artificial intensive culture accelerating of the indoor cement pit of natural rough sea cucumber of the present invention method is comprehensive biological property with reference to rough sea cucumber, the comprehensive technical measure that adopts external environment condition transformation and inherent fortification to combine and formulate.Through building and the wild habitat condition of rough sea cucumber environmental condition approaching, that comprise aspects such as water quality, substrate, illumination; The artitificial food that the comprehensive nutrition of throwing something and feeding simultaneously is balanced; Be aided with the daily management of science, make wild rough sea cucumber can adapt to indoor cement pit environment well, raised 1 month at indoor cement pit from natural marine site; Culture survival rate and can improve 30%～40% than original technology up to more than 95%; Growth fast simultaneously, (one month) body weight is long to 300g from 100～200g in a short time, and gonad development can be used as the seed ginseng of artificial propagation to ripe, and colony's sexual maturity proportion reaches 20%, than original raising 10%.The present invention has solved the not enough problem in seed ginseng source in the actual rough sea cucumber artificial breeding production to a certain extent, helps the producer and enlarges the scale of growing seedlings and raising seedling growing process level.
Embodiment
Propagating artificially also of domestic rough sea cucumber do not carried out at present, can't obtain parent participation from the colony that propagates artificially and be used for artificial propagation, and all parent participations all derive from from natural sea area and catch.And natural rough sea cucumber is supported incompatibility indoor environment in the process temporarily in manual work, add to throw something and feed and improper measures such as water quality management, and very easily dead and morbidity, and gonad development degenerates, to the artificial propagation influence greatly.Technical application improves, and adopts the artificial intensive culture accelerating technology of the indoor cement pit of natural rough sea cucumber of the present invention, has better solved the problems referred to above, and is respond well.
Below in conjunction with embodiment the present invention is further described.
Embodiment 1
(1) collects wild rough sea cucumber and become ginseng
Collect the artificial wild rough sea cucumber that catches that dives under water and become 50 of ginsengs, individual weight 100g～200g, average weight 157.9 gram/heads.The individual requirement: body surface does not have obviously injured; Feel is thick and heavy, and muscle is full, and physical health has vigor.
(2) become ginseng to support temporarily, screen
Become ginseng transport back indoor after, be placed on earlier in plastic basin or the Plastic Drum of 200L and supported 2 days temporarily, it is told a large amount of silts, ight soil in the stomach totally.Change water every day 2 times, thoroughly remove the dirt that sea cucumber spues.Examine the activity of sea cucumber, individuality epidermis during supporting temporarily is obviously damaged or that tell internal organ is chosen and is abandoned.
(3) cleaning and the sterilization in cultivation pond
Cultivating the pond is indoor cement pit, area 10m
2, dark 2m.With brush with around the indoor cement pool wall and pond basal surface dirt thoroughly scrub clean; Add running water to 1.5m; Preparation 10ppm strong chlorine oil disinfectant; To the sterilization of splashing of full pond and pool side aisle comprehensively, cement pit continues soaking disinfection and drains water after 24 hours, rinses cement pit well back with running water and uses.
(4) transformation in cultivation pond
1. gas tube is installed: the cement pit bottom is installed the PVC-U (PVC) that is communicated with air pump and is managed as gas tube, tracheal diameter 2cm, and it is the gas outlet that every separated 1m bores 1 hole, according to cultivating pool area 10m
2Confirm that pore quantity is 10 holes.
2. substrate transformation: need be at sanding bottom the cement pit to satisfy the sea cucumber life habit.Preparing particle size is the fine sand about 1mm, and with 10ppm strong chlorine oil soaking disinfection 24 hours, cleaning down was clean repeatedly with running water then, then sand is laid on bottom the cement pit.Sand layer thickness is 5～10cm, and is thicker near water inlet one end layer of sand, more shallow near delivery port one end layer of sand, is certain slope.
Rough sea cucumber in the natural marine site is liked husky mud substrate, more smooth, the sea area that has sea grass to give birth to.With the silt in the seabed of eating, draw organic substance in the silt as idiotrophic.To of the requirement of rough sea cucumber to substrate; Present technique is layer of fine sand in shop, cement pit bottom; It is unlikely injured when layer of sand can make rough sea cucumber creep; And layer of sand also is the food carrier of rough sea cucumber, and sea cucumber can ingest through the sand grains of eating and mix bait wherein, and promptly the method through sanding at the bottom of the pond has guaranteed that the rough sea cucumber of raising ingests well.
3. drop into adherance: place adherance in cement pit bottom and supply sea cucumber to hide, climb and scrape the food debris that adheres to above the food.Adherance is the white PVC plastic tube of diameter 15cm, totally 10, and every long 50cm, the two ends open-ended, 15 circular holes, aperture 1cm are bored in the plastic tube surface.The supply volume of adherance is approximately 1/m in the pond
2Can satisfy the demand.
Rough sea cucumber is a zoobenthos, does not like light, and the PVC plastic tube is light tight, and rough sea cucumber can climb into wherein hides high light.Is that its surface is very smooth with pvc pipe as another benefit of adherance, and rough sea cucumber is had a superficial wound.Tube-surface leaves aperture, and both ends open can exchange the inside and outside current of pipe, and the rough sea cucumber of hiding wherein is unlikely anoxic.
4. the pond light intensity is cultivated in adjustment
Cover the cement pit top with black sunshade net sheet (material is a high density polyethylene (HDPE)) and regulate cement pit light.But sunshade net individual layer or bilayer keep the interior light intensity of cement pit to be no more than 100 luxs.
Like dark habit to rough sea cucumber, present technique simultaneously at cement pit top cover black puggaree, avoids extraneous light to cause that excessively by force seed ginseng is incompatible except placement pvc pipe confession seed ginseng is hidden in cement pit; And under dark surrounds, rough sea cucumber ingest time is not limited only to evening, also can ingest by day, its objective is its food ration is increased, and is very favourable to accelerating seed ginseng growth and gonad development.
(5) cultivate the pond water inlet
Extract good, the free of contamination natural sea-water of water quality with water pumper, filter laggardly to go into cement pit and cultivate water as sea cucumber through sand filter.Pond water 1.5m.The seawater that extracts meets following standard: pH7.5, salinity 30 ‰, 26 ℃ of temperature.Content of nitrite 0.03mg/L, ammonia nitrogen concentration 0.05mg/L.
Rough sea cucumber is had relatively high expectations to condition of water quality, and happiness clean water quality is cultivated water and must be used strict processing back.Rough sea cucumber happiness high salinity is the stenohalinity kind, and salinity requires more than 30 ‰; If salinity descends or water temperature sharply changes, it is dirty or dead to cause that all rough sea cucumber tells.
(6) become the ginseng sterilization
Compound concentration is penicillin 1,600,000 IU/ rice
3The sterilization seawater, slight inflation.Do and disinfect soaking 20min in the one-tenth parametric amplifier entry of select, pull out then, clean 2 times with clean seawater, the pond is gone in preparation.
Give rough sea cucumber sterilization better with penicillin.Other disinfectants such as formalin, first nitre Cuo, polymerization iodine and potassium permanganate etc. that aquatic products is commonly used or have stronger smell, otherwise toxicity is bigger, causes that easily sea cucumber is dead.
(7) become to participate in the pond
To become ginseng to put into gently and cultivate the pond, breeding density is 5/m
2Open air valve, keep slight inflation to get final product, build the sunshade net.
(8) daily management measure
1. throw something and feed: the artifical compound feed 395g that throws something and feeds every day (account in the pond sea cucumber TBW 5%).Manufactured feed mixes together with the young ginseng feed of north stichopus japonicus, bean powder and ooze, and ratio is: young ginseng material: bean powder: ooze=50: 10: 40, to throw something and feed every day 1 time, and the time of throwing something and feeding is 19:00～20:00 in evening.
In accelerating gonadal maturation, play a crucial role for the rough sea cucumber artifical compound feed of throwing something and feeding.Natural rough sea cucumber maturity of catching is poor, and sexual maturity proportion is low, and main cause is that bait is not enough in the natural surroundings, and the source is unstable, and the nutrition in the bait is also not enough.The artificial feed that the comprehensive nutrition of throwing something and feeding is balanced are keys of accelerating the seed ginseng gonad development.The bait of artificial preparation is made up of Stichopus japonicus material, ooze and bean powder; Young ginseng material animal protein content is very high; Ooze contains abundant vitamin and trace element, and bean powder provides vegetable protein, and this several nutritious matter all is to promote that the seed ginseng gonad development is necessary.In addition, the suitable mode of throwing something and feeding is also very important.Rough sea cucumber is liked the sand grains of eating, and present technique is sanding at the bottom of cultivating the pond, throws in feed in layer of sand, and sea cucumber is absorbed easily.
2. wash the pond:
Thoroughly wash the pond every day, clean sea cucumber ight soil and the remaining bait cultivated in the pond.Washing the pond time is 16:00～17:00 every afternoon.Wash the pond method: drain Chi Shui; Drain clean seawater with the small-power water pumper, wash around the pool wall earlier and adherance surfaces externally and internally dirt, then from the fine sand of cement pit discharge outlet at the bottom of water inlet direction flushing tank; Manual adjustments water pumper delivery port water flow impact pressure is suitable; Residual bait and ight soil in the layer of sand are all floated, and along with current slowly flow out from delivery port, the layer of sand sand grains is still stayed in the pond.Flushing is all discharged until dirt repeatedly; Observe layer of sand sand grains color and become white basically, explain that dirt is rinsed well in the pond, can stop flushing from black or brown.
3. change water:
Change water every day 1 time, change water 100% at every turn.Clean up the seawater that the back adding is fresh totally, meet above-mentioned breed requirement with cultivating the pond, add to original water level and get final product.
Use said method, rough sea cucumber was cultured 30 days at indoor cement pit, and individual average weight reaches 278.9 gram/heads, and average weight gain 121.0g/ head can be as the seed ginseng of artificial propagation; During the breed dead 3, culturing survival rate is 96%, and culture efficiency is good.
Embodiment 2
(1) collects wild rough sea cucumber and become ginseng
Collect the artificial wild rough sea cucumber that catches that dives under water and become 100 of ginsengs, individual weight 100g～200g, average weight 122.1 gram/heads.The individual requirement: body surface does not have obviously injured; Feel is thick and heavy, and muscle is full, and physical health has vigor.
(2) become ginseng to support temporarily, screen
Become ginseng transport back indoor after, be placed on earlier in plastic basin or the Plastic Drum of 200L and supported 2 days temporarily, it is told a large amount of silts, ight soil in the stomach totally.Change water every day 2 times, thoroughly remove the dirt that sea cucumber spues.Examine the activity of sea cucumber, individuality epidermis during supporting temporarily is obviously damaged or that tell internal organ is chosen and is abandoned.
(3) cleaning and the sterilization in cultivation pond
Cultivating the pond is indoor cement pit, area 10m
2, dark 2m.With brush with around the indoor cement pool wall and pond basal surface dirt thoroughly scrub clean; Add running water to 1.5m; Preparation 10ppm strong chlorine oil disinfectant; To the sterilization of splashing of full pond and pool side aisle comprehensively, cement pit continues soaking disinfection and drains water after 24 hours, rinses cement pit well back with running water and uses.
(4) transformation in cultivation pond
1. gas tube is installed: the cement pit bottom is installed the PVC-U (PVC) that is communicated with air pump and is managed as gas tube, tracheal diameter 2cm, and it is the gas outlet that every separated 1m bores 1 hole, according to cultivating pool area 10m
2Confirm that pore quantity is 10 holes.
2. substrate transformation: need be at sanding bottom the cement pit to satisfy the sea cucumber life habit.Preparing particle size is the fine sand about 1mm, and with 10ppm strong chlorine oil soaking disinfection 24 hours, cleaning down was clean repeatedly with running water then, then sand is laid on bottom the cement pit.Sand layer thickness is 5～10cm, and is thicker near water inlet one end layer of sand, more shallow near delivery port one end layer of sand, is certain slope.
3. drop into adherance: place adherance in cement pit bottom and supply sea cucumber to hide, climb and scrape the food debris that adheres to above the food.Adherance is the white PVC plastic tube of diameter 15cm, totally 10, and every long 50cm, the two ends open-ended, 20 circular holes, aperture 1cm are bored in the plastic tube surface.The supply volume of adherance is approximately 1/m in the pond
2Can satisfy the demand.
4. the pond light intensity is cultivated in adjustment
Cover the cement pit top with black sunshade net sheet (material is a high density polyethylene (HDPE)) and regulate cement pit light.But sunshade net individual layer or bilayer keep the interior light intensity of cement pit to be no more than 100 luxs.
(5) cultivate the pond water inlet
Extract good, the free of contamination natural sea-water of water quality with water pumper, filter laggardly to go into cement pit and cultivate water as sea cucumber through sand filter.Pond water 1.5m.The seawater that extracts meets following standard: pH8.4, salinity 34 ‰, 30 ℃ of temperature.Content of nitrite 0.03mg/L, ammonia nitrogen concentration 0.06mg/L.
(6) become the ginseng sterilization
Compound concentration is penicillin 2,400,000 IU/ rice
3The sterilization seawater, slight inflation.Do and disinfect soaking 20min in the one-tenth parametric amplifier entry of select, pull out then, clean 2 times with clean seawater, the pond is gone in preparation.
(7) become to participate in the pond
To become ginseng to put into gently and cultivate the pond, breeding density is 10/m
2Open air valve, keep slight inflation to get final product, build the sunshade net.
(8) daily management measure
1. throw something and feed: the artifical compound feed 610g that throws something and feeds every day (account in the pond sea cucumber TBW 5%).Manufactured feed mixes together with the young ginseng feed of north stichopus japonicus, bean powder and ooze, and ratio is: young ginseng material: bean powder: ooze=50: 10: 40, to throw something and feed every day 1 time, and the time of throwing something and feeding is 19:00～20:00 in evening.
2. wash the pond:
Thoroughly wash the pond every day, clean sea cucumber ight soil and the remaining bait cultivated in the pond.Washing the pond time is 16:00～17:00 every afternoon.Wash the pond method: drain Chi Shui; Drain clean seawater with the small-power water pumper, wash around the pool wall earlier and adherance surfaces externally and internally dirt, then from the fine sand of cement pit discharge outlet at the bottom of water inlet direction flushing tank; Manual adjustments water pumper delivery port water flow impact pressure is suitable; Residual bait and ight soil in the layer of sand are all floated, and along with current slowly flow out from delivery port, the layer of sand sand grains is still stayed in the pond.Flushing is all discharged until dirt repeatedly; Observe layer of sand sand grains color and become white basically, explain that dirt is rinsed well in the pond, can stop flushing from black or brown.
3. change water:
Change water every day 1 time, change water 100% at every turn.Clean up the seawater that the back adding is fresh totally, meet above-mentioned breed requirement with cultivating the pond, add to original water level and get final product.
Use said method, rough sea cucumber was cultured 40 days at indoor cement pit, and individual average weight reaches 256.7 gram/heads, and average weight gain 134.6g/ head can be as the seed ginseng of artificial propagation; During the breed dead 3, culturing survival rate is 95%, and culture efficiency is good.
Claims (1)
1. the artificial intensive culture accelerating of the indoor cement pit of wild rough sea cucumber method is characterized in that concrete technical measures and implementation step are following:
1) collects wild rough sea cucumber and become ginseng
Collect the wild rough sea cucumber one-tenth ginseng that artificial diving is caught, about individual weight 100～200g, the individual requirement: body surface does not have obviously injured; Feel is thick and heavy, and muscle is full, and physical health has vigor;
2) become ginseng to support temporarily, screen
Become ginseng transport back indoor after, be placed on earlier in plastic basin or the Plastic Drum of 200L and supported 2 days temporarily, it is told a large amount of silts, ight soil in the stomach totally; Change water every day 2 times, thoroughly remove the dirt that sea cucumber spues, examine the activity of sea cucumber, individuality epidermis during supporting temporarily is obviously damaged or that tell internal organ is chosen and is abandoned;
3) cleaning and the sterilization in cultivation pond
Cultivating the pond is indoor cement pit, area 10m
2Dark 2m, with around the indoor cement pool wall and pond basal surface dirt thoroughly scrub clean, add running water to 1.5m; Preparation 10ppm strong chlorine oil disinfectant; To the sterilization of splashing of full pond and pool side aisle comprehensively, cement pit continues to drain water behind the soaking disinfection 24h, with running water strong chlorine oil disinfectant in the cement pit is rinsed well;
4) transformation in cultivation pond
1. cultivate pond installation air inflation: the hard polvinyl choride pipe that the installation of cement pit bottom is communicated with air pump is as air inflation, and tracheal diameter 2cm is the gas outlet at a distance from 1 hole of 1m brill whenever, confirms pore quantity according to cultivating pool area, and stomatal frequency is about 1/m
2
2. cultivate pond substrate transformation: the sanding in the cement pit bottom, preparing particle size is the fine sand about 1mm, with 10ppm strong chlorine oil soaking disinfection 24h, with running water the strong chlorine oil disinfectant is rinsed well; Sand is laid on the cement pit bottom, and sand layer thickness is 5～10cm, and is thicker near water inlet one end layer of sand, more shallow near delivery port one end layer of sand, is certain slope;
3. drop into adherance: need place adherance in cement pit bottom and supply sea cucumber to hide, climb and scrape the food debris that adheres to above the food; Adherance is the white PVC plastic tube of diameter 15cm, every long 50cm, and the two ends open-ended, 15～20 circular holes that quantity does not wait, aperture 1cm are bored in the plastic tube surface; The supply volume of adherance is 1/m in the pond
2
4. the pond light intensity is cultivated in adjustment: cover the cement pit top with high density polyethylene (HDPE) black sunshade net sheet, but sunshade net individual layer or bilayer keep the interior light intensity of cement pit to be no more than 100 luxs;
5) cultivate the pond water inlet
Extract good, the free of contamination natural sea-water of water quality with water pumper, filter laggardly to go into cement pit and cultivate water as sea cucumber through sand filter; Pond water 1.5m, the seawater of extraction should meet following standard: pH7.5～8.4, salinity 30～34 ‰, 26～30 ℃ of temperature, nitrite is lower than 0.10mg/L, and ammonia nitrogen concentration is lower than 0.5mg/L;
6) become the ginseng sterilization
Compound concentration is penicillin 160～2,400,000 IU/m
3The sterilization seawater, open the air inflation air valve, be inflated to the water surface and bubble just occurred, step 2) soak 20～30min in the one-tenth parametric amplifier entry of select and do and disinfect, pull out then, clean 2 times with clean seawater, prepare the pond;
7) become to participate in the pond
To become ginseng to put into gently and cultivate the pond, breeding density is 5～10/m
2Open the inflation of air inflation air valve, keep the inflated condition of step 6), build the sunshade net;
8) daily management measure
1. throw something and feed: throwing something and feeding every day accounts for the artifical compound feed of sea cucumber TBW 5% in the pond; Manufactured feed mixes together with the young ginseng feed of north stichopus japonicus, bean powder and ooze; Ratio is: young ginseng material: bean powder: ooze=50: 10: 40; Throw something and feed every day 1 time, the time of throwing something and feeding is 19:00～20:00 in evening;
2. wash the pond: thoroughly wash the pond every day, and washing the pond time is 16:00～17:00 every afternoon;
3. change water: after washing the pond and accomplishing, adding meets: pH7.5～8.4, salinity 30～34 ‰, 26～30 ℃ of temperature, nitrite are lower than seawater to the pond water 1.5m that 0.10mg/L, ammonia nitrogen concentration are lower than 0.5mg/L.
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| CN102812917A (en) * | 2012-09-06 | 2012-12-12 | 烟台市水产研究所 | Long-distance transport method for apostichopus japonicus |
| CN103461224A (en) * | 2013-07-29 | 2013-12-25 | 山东安源水产股份有限公司 | Selection method of breeding stichopus japonicus in stichopus japonicus cross breeding |
| CN104082218A (en) * | 2014-07-29 | 2014-10-08 | 陈水春 | Intermediate culture method for Holothuria scabra Jaeger |
| CN106852287A (en) * | 2016-12-13 | 2017-06-16 | 广西壮族自治区海洋研究所 | Holothuria scabra ecological cultivation method in one kind happiness salt grass transplanting sea grass bed |
| CN110063280A (en) * | 2018-01-22 | 2019-07-30 | 大连鑫玉龙海洋生物种业科技股份有限公司 | Xia Fangfa is got in a kind of imitative stichopus japonicus kind interior |
| CN111084303A (en) * | 2020-02-29 | 2020-05-01 | 广西壮族自治区水产科学研究院 | Special feed for cultivating adenophora tetraphylla |
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| CN102812917A (en) * | 2012-09-06 | 2012-12-12 | 烟台市水产研究所 | Long-distance transport method for apostichopus japonicus |
| CN103461224A (en) * | 2013-07-29 | 2013-12-25 | 山东安源水产股份有限公司 | Selection method of breeding stichopus japonicus in stichopus japonicus cross breeding |
| CN103461224B (en) * | 2013-07-29 | 2015-10-21 | 山东安源水产股份有限公司 | The system of selection of seed ginseng in stichopus japonicus crossbreeding |
| CN104082218A (en) * | 2014-07-29 | 2014-10-08 | 陈水春 | Intermediate culture method for Holothuria scabra Jaeger |
| CN106852287A (en) * | 2016-12-13 | 2017-06-16 | 广西壮族自治区海洋研究所 | Holothuria scabra ecological cultivation method in one kind happiness salt grass transplanting sea grass bed |
| CN106852287B (en) * | 2016-12-13 | 2020-02-07 | 广西壮族自治区海洋研究所 | Ecological breeding method for holothuria scabra in halophilic grass transplanting seaweed field |
| CN110063280A (en) * | 2018-01-22 | 2019-07-30 | 大连鑫玉龙海洋生物种业科技股份有限公司 | Xia Fangfa is got in a kind of imitative stichopus japonicus kind interior |
| CN111084303A (en) * | 2020-02-29 | 2020-05-01 | 广西壮族自治区水产科学研究院 | Special feed for cultivating adenophora tetraphylla |
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