CN111084303A - A kind of special feed for cultivation of white ginseng ginseng - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a special feed for cultivating adenophora tetraphylla, which comprises a feed formula and a preparation method. The formula comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 85-90 parts of sea mud powder, 5-10 parts of sargassum thunbergii powder, 2 parts of crab meal, 3 parts of shrimp head powder, 0.1 part of yeast powder, 0.1 part of brown sugar and 20 parts of water. The main components of the feed are natural raw materials, so that the feed is safe, healthy and pollution-free, balanced in nutrition matching and fragrant in taste, has a good food calling effect on the radix adenophorae, and is good in palatability; the fermented feed is used for feeding and cultivating the adenophora tetraphylla seeds, the ingestion rate of the adenophora tetraphylla seeds is high, the gonad development is fast, and the cultivation effect is good. After the breeding seeds are cultivated in the indoor cement pond for 18-20 days, the gonads of the breeding seeds can mature, and the mature parent breeding seeds can become mature parent breeding seeds for induced spawning. The feed solves the problem that the prior artificial breeding of the radix adenophorae lacks targeted feed, and has practical significance for relieving the shortage of wild mature seed parameters and difficult indoor breeding maturity of the wild mature seed parameters in the artificial breeding work of the radix adenophorae.

Description

Special feed for cultivating adenophora tetraphylla

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of aquatic feeds, and in particular relates to a feed formula for cultivating adenophora tetraphylla and a fermentation preparation method thereof.

Background

The adenophora tetraphylla (scholarname holothuria scabra) is an important tropical sea cucumber economic variety in the coastal region of south China, has high economic value and wide artificial development prospect, and is developing artificial seedling and cultivation popularization in the coastal region of south China at present. In the artificial breeding production of brown sea cucumbers in China, parent sea cucumbers for breeding mainly depend on catching wild large-size radix adenophorae in natural sea areas, and the main problems are that the wild radix adenophorae resources are seriously exhausted for years, the number of the natural sea cucumbers is small, individuals are small, most gonads are immature, and the parent sea cucumbers cannot be used as parent sea cucumbers for breeding and breeding. Therefore, under the condition of the lack of the existing natural resources, how to cultivate the captured immature sea cucumbers to be mature in a short time for the artificial propagation needs is very significant in practice. In the aspects of artificial induction of labor and seedling raising of the radix adenophorae, a set of mature technical method is established by domestic research institutions, and the success rate of induction of labor and the seedling raising level are greatly improved. However, no special commercial culture feed for the radix adenophorae or special feed for the ginseng is sold in the market in the aspect of development and supply of the radix adenophorae feed, and the stichopus japonicus (Liaoshen) feed produced in Shandong or Liaoning places is mainly applied in seedling production. The white adenophora tetraphylla fed by the stichopus japonicus feed has poor palatability, large feed residue waste exists, on one hand, the cultivation cost is increased, on the other hand, the actual effect of indoor cultivation of the stichopus japonicus is not ideal, the overall growth of the stichopus japonicus is poor, the population maturity proportion is about 10%, and the induced spawning effect is similar to that of the caught wild white sand. The reason is that the stichopus japonicus is a temperate variety, the radix adenophorae is a tropical variety, and the biological habits, the nutritional requirements and the ingestion preference of the stichopus japonicus and the radix adenophorae are obviously different. Wild radix adenophorae mainly inhabits coastal lagoon sea areas, which have much sediment on the sea bottom, flat substrate, abundant sea weeds such as sargassum thunbergii and halophilic algae planted on the sea bottom, sediment on the sea bottom, tender leaves of the sea weeds and benthic diatoms attached to the sea weeds are the main food of the radix adenophorae. Therefore, according to the biological habits and natural baits of the radix adenophorae, the development of special feed suitable for the radix adenophorae is the actual demand in the current artificial breeding of the radix adenophorae.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention provides a formula of a special feed for cultivating adenophora tetraphylla seeds, which is low in cost, ecological and environment-friendly, and a preparation method thereof according to the technical requirements in the field.

The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:

a special feed for cultivating adenophora tetraphylla is prepared from the following raw materials: sea mud powder, sargassum thunbergii powder, crab meal, shrimp head meal, water, yeast powder and brown sugar; according to the weight percentage of each component, the dosage of each component is as follows: 85-90 parts of sea mud powder, 5-10 parts of sargassum thunbergii powder, 2 parts of crab meal, 3 parts of shrimp head powder, 0.1 part of yeast powder, 0.1 part of brown sugar and 20 parts of water by volume.

The method for obtaining and processing the raw materials comprises the following steps:

sea mud powder and sargassum thunbergii powder are commercial raw materials, are purchased from manufacturers, and have the particle size of 100 meshes;

the yeast powder is purchased from the market, and the viable count is more than or equal to 200 hundred million/g;

the crab meal processing method comprises the following steps: cleaning fresh live flower crabs, boiling in clear water for 5-8 minutes until the crab meat is completely cooked, fishing out and cutting into small blocks, insolating to be completely dry in the sun, smashing, and grinding into fine powder by using a household small-sized grinding machine at the rotation speed of 10000 revolutions per minute, wherein the particle fineness of the crab powder reaches 100 meshes;

the processing method of the shrimp head powder comprises the following steps: cleaning live sea shrimp, boiling with clear water for 5-8 min until the shrimp meat is completely cooked, cutting the shrimp head with the shell and meat, insolating to be completely dry, pulverizing into powder with household small-sized pulverizer at 10000 r/min until the particle fineness of the shrimp head powder reaches 100 meshes.

The preparation method of the special feed for cultivating the white adenophora tetraphylla comprises the following specific steps:

① activation of yeast powder, namely weighing the required yeast powder and brown sugar according to the proportion of 0.1 part of yeast powder and 0.1 part of brown sugar required for preparing 100 parts of finished feed, firstly fully dissolving the brown sugar in 2 parts of warm water with the temperature of 35-40 ℃, then adding the yeast powder into the brown sugar water, mixing uniformly, and then sealing and activating in a plastic bottle or other containers for 3-5 hours.

② weighing other raw materials including 85-90 parts of sea mud powder, 5-10 parts of sargassum thunbergii powder, 2 parts of crab powder and 3 parts of shrimp head powder according to a proportion, and fully stirring and uniformly mixing the raw materials.

③ adding 18 parts of clear water and 2 parts of activated brown sugar water into the mixed feed raw materials, and fully stirring and uniformly mixing.

④ the mixed feed raw materials are put into a plastic barrel, the volume of the feed occupies about two thirds of the volume of the plastic barrel, a certain space is left at the upper part of the plastic barrel, the barrel cover is covered, the connecting gap between the barrel cover and the barrel body is sealed strictly by plastic sealing glue, and then the plastic barrel is placed in a cool place to ferment for 80-85 hours.

⑤ opening the barrel cover, checking the fermentation effect, and determining that the fermentation is successful if there is a certain amount of bubbles on the surface of the feed and the feed is fragrant, and determining that the fermentation is failed if there is no bubbles and odor.

⑥ and exposing the fermented feed to the sun to dry completely to obtain the final product feed for feeding breeding seeds.

The feed storage method comprises the following steps: the finished feed is stored hermetically at normal temperature to avoid being affected with damp.

The invention develops the special feed for breeding the white adenophora tetraphylla seeds according to the bait preference of the wild white adenophora tetraphylla seeds and the requirements of the gonadal development stage on protein and lipid so as to promote the ingestion of the white adenophora tetraphylla seeds and the gonadal development.

The feed has the following characteristics:

1. the main raw materials of the feed are natural, have no artificial additive ingredients, and are safe and harmless. The raw materials include sea mud (mainly comprising sea sand, humus and benthic diatom), Sargassum thunbergii, and high protein shrimp head powder and crab powder capable of promoting gonad development. The sea mud, humus and food debris are excellent natural baits for the sea cucumber, supplement the shrimp head powder and the crab powder, and play a key role in promoting the development of gonads of the sea cucumber and improving the survival rate of the sea cucumber.

2. The feed is artificially fermented, so that on one hand, the feed has special fragrance and good palatability. The sea cucumber ingestion rate is improved, and the growth and development are fast; on the other hand, high protein and lipid substances are fully decomposed, and the sea cucumber is easy to digest and absorb after being ingested.

3. The feed has the advantages of wide and easily-obtained sources of various raw materials, local materials in various places along the coast, simple and mature fermentation method and easy preparation of the feed.

Detailed Description

The method of operation of the present invention is described in detail below using examples, which are some, but not all, of the examples of the present invention.

Example 1: preparation of fermented feed 1

Preparing 100kg of finished feed:

① activation of yeast powder, weighing 100g of yeast powder and 100g of brown sugar, dissolving the brown sugar in 2L of warm water with the temperature of 37 ℃, adding the yeast powder into the brown sugar water, mixing uniformly, and sealing and activating in a plastic bottle for 3 hours.

② weighing other raw materials including sea mud powder 90kg, Sargassum thunbergii powder 5kg, shrimp head powder 3kg, and crab shell powder 2 kg., stirring thoroughly, adding clear water 18L and activated 2L brown sugar water, stirring thoroughly with water, and mixing well.

The method for obtaining and processing the raw materials comprises the following steps:

the sea mud powder and the sargassum thunbergii powder are commercial raw materials, are purchased from manufacturers, and have the particle size of 100 meshes.

The yeast powder is purchased from the market, and the viable count is more than or equal to 200 hundred million/g.

Crab meal: cleaning fresh live flower crab, boiling with clear water for 5-8 min, taking out, cutting into small pieces, sun-drying, breaking, pulverizing into fine powder with household small-sized pulverizer at 10000 rpm, and making the crab powder into 100 mesh.

Shrimp head meal: cleaning fresh live sea shrimp (all kinds of shrimps) and boiling with clear water for 5-8 minutes until the shrimp meat is completely cooked, cutting the shrimp head with the shell and meat, insolating to be completely dry, and pulverizing into powder by a household small-sized pulverizer at 10000 r/min until the particle fineness of the shrimp head powder reaches 100 meshes.

③ the mixed fodder material is filled into plastic barrel, the fodder material volume is about two thirds of the plastic barrel volume, and can not be filled, so that the plastic barrel upper part is left with a certain space, the cover is covered, the gap between the barrel cover and the barrel body is sealed strictly by plastic sealing glue, and the barrel is placed in shade for fermentation for 80 hours.

④ after the fermentation time, opening the barrel cover, the fodder has obvious sour flavor, and many bubbles on the surface to indicate the successful fermentation, pouring out the fermented fodder, spreading on plastic film or clean ground, and insolating in sunlight for several days to completely dry to obtain the final fodder, and completing the fodder preparation.

⑤ the feed is preserved under sealed condition at room temperature.

Example 2: preparation of fermented feed 2

200kg of finished feed is prepared

① activation of yeast powder, weighing 200g of yeast powder and 200g of brown sugar, dissolving the brown sugar in 5L of warm water with the temperature of 40 ℃, adding the yeast powder into the brown sugar water, mixing uniformly, and sealing and activating in a plastic bottle for 5 hours.

② weighing other raw materials including sea mud powder 170kg, Sargassum thunbergii powder 20kg, shrimp head powder 6kg, and crab shell powder 4 kg., stirring thoroughly, adding clear water 35L and activated 5L brown sugar water, stirring thoroughly with water, and mixing well.

The raw material sources are as follows: as in example 1.

③ the mixed fodder material is filled into plastic barrel, the fodder material volume is about two thirds of the plastic barrel volume, and can not be filled, so that the plastic barrel upper part is left with a certain space, the cover is covered, the gap between the barrel cover and the barrel body is sealed strictly by plastic sealing glue, and the barrel is placed in shade for fermentation for 85 hours.

④ after the fermentation time, opening the barrel cover, the fodder has obvious sour flavor, abundant bubbles on the surface, and good fermentation effect, pouring out the fermented fodder, spreading on plastic film or clean ground, and insolating in sunlight for several days to completely dry to obtain the final fodder, and completing the fodder preparation.

⑤ the feed is preserved under sealed condition at room temperature.

Example 3: ginseng breeding test I

(1) Collecting adult ginseng and temporarily culturing

Collecting 200 wild adenophora tetraphylla adults, and selecting the individuals according to the standard: the weight of the individual is 100 g-200 g, the body surface is not injured, rotten skin is not generated, and dirt is not spitted; the body color is dark black or grey, the muscle is full and the vitality is good.

Transporting the adult sea cucumber back indoors, temporarily culturing in 500L plastic bucket for 1 day, slightly aerating, and removing silt and feces in stomach and intestine by sea cucumber.

(2) Adult ginseng-entering pool

Preparing 2 indoor cement pools with the number of 1 # and 2 # for 20 square meters, placing 3 air heads in each pool, thoroughly sterilizing with 5ppm strong chlorine, and then washing the pool bottom and the pool walls with clean and filtered seawater. Pumping fresh filtered seawater into the pool, wherein the water level is 35cm, and the salinity of the seawater is 23 per mill.

200 pieces of radix adenophorae were randomly divided into 2 groups of 100 pieces each and weighed. The sea cucumbers are respectively put into the two water ponds, the stocking density is 5 heads per square meter, the average weight of the sea cucumbers in the No. 1 pond is 157.9g, and the average weight of the sea cucumbers in the No. 2 pond is 156.9 g. The air valve is opened to inflate, and the air quantity is just enough to enable water flowers to be seen on the water surface.

(3) Daily management

① feeding, No. 1 feeding fermented finished feed, No. 2 feeding stichopus japonicus finished feed purchased from manufacturers, feeding amount of the stichopus japonicus in the first 3 days is 8% of the initial total weight of the stichopus japonicus, namely the total feeding amount is 1.3kg per day, and the feed in the front pool of the washing pool in the morning on the second day is slightly remained, and feeding amount of the stichopus japonicus in the 1 # pool is found to be complete on the 4 th day, the feeding amount is increased to 10%, the feed in the 2 # pool is remained, the feeding amount is reduced to 6%, and the feeding amount is maintained until the test is finished.

The feed is fed for 2 times, and the feeding time is respectively 9 in the morning: 00 and 19 pm: 00. 30% of the total feeding amount in the morning and 70% of the total feeding amount in the afternoon.

② sink washing and water changing:

9 a.m. each day: and (00) washing the pond before, thoroughly washing the pond by using clean seawater, and flushing away the sea cucumber excrement and residual baits in the culture pond.

The water is changed by 100% every day, and the salinity of the seawater is required to be more than 20 per mill. And (4) cleaning the culture pond, adding fresh clean seawater, and maintaining the water level at 35 cm.

(4) Artificial hastening parturition: after 18 days of cultivation, artificial spawning induction of the sea cucumbers is carried out. All the sea cucumbers in the No. 1 and No. 2 ponds are fished and put into two 500L plastic barrels respectively, and three methods of drying in the shade, flowing water and temperature stimulation are adopted to jointly induce spawning. The induced spawning process comprises the following steps: firstly drying the sea cucumber in the shade for 40 minutes, then stimulating the sea cucumber for 20 minutes by running water, finally adding 50cm of seawater into a barrel, heating the seawater by a heating pipe, and heating the seawater to 4 ℃ within 2 hours. The combined induced spawning method is verified by long-term artificial propagation of the radix adenophorae, the method is mature, and the induced spawning effect is reliable.

The results of the cultivation and spawning induction of the batch of the radix adenophorae are as follows: the sea cucumber is cultured in an indoor cement pond for 18 days, the average weight of the 1 # pond individual reaches 178.9 g/head, and the average weight is increased by 21 g/head; 3 dead heads are killed in the culture period, and the culture survival rate is 97 percent. The ovulation female ginseng and the sperm discharging male ginseng after spawning induction are 18 in total, and the ratio of maturation and spawning of the ginseng group is 18.5%. The average weight of the No. 2 pool individual reaches 173.4 g/head, and the average weight gain is 16.5 g/head; 14 dead heads are killed in the culture period, and the culture survival rate is 86%. The ovulation female ginseng and the sperm discharging male ginseng after spawning hastening are 9 in total, and the ratio of mature and spawning of the ginseng group is 10.4%.

Example 4: ginseng breeding test II

(1) Collecting adult ginseng and temporarily culturing

Collecting 200 wild adenophora tetraphylla adults, wherein the individual selection criteria are as follows: the weight of the individual is 100 g-200 g, the average weight is 122.1g, the body surface is not injured, rotten skin is not generated, and dirt is not spitted; the body color is dark black or grey, the muscle is full and the vitality is good.

Transporting the adult sea cucumber back indoors, temporarily culturing in 500L plastic bucket for 1 day, slightly aerating, and removing silt and feces in stomach and intestine by sea cucumber.

(2) Adult ginseng-entering pool

Preparing 1 square meter of 20 square meters of indoor cement ponds (number 3 #), placing 3 air heads, thoroughly sterilizing by using 5ppm of strong chlorine, and then washing the bottom and walls of the pond by using clean filtered seawater. Pumping fresh filtered seawater into the pool, wherein the water level is 35cm, and the salinity of the seawater is more than 26 per thousand. 200 pieces of radix adenophorae are put into a pool, and the stocking density is 10 pieces per square meter. The air valve is opened to inflate, and the air quantity is just enough to enable water flowers to be seen on the water surface.

(3) Daily cultivation management

① feeding, wherein the daily feeding amount is 10% of the initial total weight of the sea cucumber, i.e. the total daily feeding amount is 2.5kg, and the feeding amount is maintained in the whole process.

The feed is fed for 2 times, and the feeding time is respectively 9 in the morning: 00 and 19 pm: 00. 30% of the total feeding amount in the morning and 70% of the total feeding amount in the afternoon.

② sink washing and water changing:

9 a.m. each day: and (00) washing the pond before, thoroughly washing the pond by using clean seawater, and flushing away the sea cucumber excrement and residual baits in the culture pond.

The water is changed by 100% every day, and the salinity of the seawater is more than 20 per mill. And (4) cleaning the culture pond, adding fresh clean seawater, and maintaining the water level at 35 cm.

(4) Artificial hastening parturition: after 20 days of cultivation, artificial spawning induction of the sea cucumbers is carried out. The sea cucumber is fished and put into a 500L plastic bucket, and three methods of drying in the shade, flowing water and temperature stimulation are adopted to jointly induce spawning. The induced spawning process comprises the following steps: firstly drying the sea cucumber in the shade for 40 minutes, then stimulating the sea cucumber for 20 minutes by running water, finally adding 50cm of seawater into a barrel, heating the seawater by a heating pipe, and heating the seawater to 5 ℃ within 2 hours.

The results of the sea cucumber cultivation and spawning induction of the batch are as follows: the sea cucumber is cultured in an indoor cement pond for 20 days, the average weight of an individual reaches 156.7 g/head, and the average weight gain is 34.6 g/head; 6 dead heads are killed in the culture period, and the culture survival rate is 97 percent. The ovulation female ginseng and the semen-discharging male ginseng after spawning induction are 44 in total, and the ratio of mature and spawning of the ginseng group is 22.8%.

The application in artificial propagation shows that the fermented feed is used for feeding and cultivating the adenophora tetraphylla seeds, the ingestion rate of the seeds is high, the gonad development is fast, and the cultivation effect is good. The breeding seeds are cultivated in an indoor cement pond for 18-20 days, the gonads of the breeding seeds can be matured, and the population maturation rate reaches about 20%. The special feed solves the problem that the prior artificial breeding of the radix adenophorae lacks targeted feed to a certain extent, and has practical significance for relieving the shortage of wild mature seed parameters and difficult indoor breeding maturity of the seed parameters in the artificial breeding work of the radix adenophorae.

Claims (3)

1. The special feed for cultivating the white adenophora tetraphylla is characterized by comprising the following raw materials: sea mud powder, sargassum thunbergii powder, crab meal, shrimp head meal, water, yeast powder and brown sugar; according to the weight percentage of each component, the dosage of each component is as follows: 85-90 parts of sea mud powder, 5-10 parts of sargassum thunbergii powder, 2 parts of crab meal, 3 parts of shrimp head powder, 0.1 part of yeast powder, 0.1 part of brown sugar and 20 parts of water by volume.

2. The feed special for cultivating adenophora tetraphylla according to claim 1, which is characterized in that:

the crab meal processing method comprises the following steps: cleaning fresh live flower crabs, boiling in clear water for 5-8 minutes until the crab meat is completely cooked, fishing out and cutting into small blocks, insolating to be completely dry in the sun, smashing, and grinding into fine powder by using a household small-sized grinding machine at the rotation speed of 10000 revolutions per minute, wherein the particle fineness of the crab powder reaches 100 meshes;

the processing method of the shrimp head powder comprises the following steps: cleaning live sea shrimp, boiling with clear water for 5-8 min until the shrimp meat is completely cooked, cutting the shrimp head with the shell and meat, insolating to be completely dry, pulverizing into powder with household small-sized pulverizer at 10000 r/min until the particle fineness of the shrimp head powder reaches 100 meshes.

3. A preparation method of a special feed for cultivating adenophora tetraphylla is characterized by comprising the following specific steps:

① activating yeast powder, namely weighing the required yeast powder and brown sugar according to the proportion of 0.1 part of yeast powder and 0.1 part of brown sugar required for preparing 100 parts of finished feed, firstly fully dissolving the brown sugar in 2 parts of warm water with the temperature of 35-40 ℃, then adding the yeast powder into the brown sugar water, uniformly mixing, and then sealing and activating in a plastic bottle or other containers for 3-5 hours;

② weighing other raw materials including 85-90 parts of sea mud powder, 5-10 parts of sargassum thunbergii powder, 2 parts of crab powder and 3 parts of shrimp head powder in proportion, and fully stirring and uniformly mixing the raw materials;

③ adding 18 parts of clear water and 2 parts of activated brown sugar water into the mixed feed raw materials, and fully stirring and uniformly mixing;

④ putting the mixed feed raw materials into a plastic barrel, wherein the volume of the feed accounts for about two thirds of the volume of the plastic barrel, so that a certain space is reserved at the upper part of the plastic barrel, the barrel cover is covered, a connecting gap between the barrel cover and the barrel body is strictly sealed by plastic sealing glue, and then the plastic barrel is placed in a cool place to ferment for 80-85 hours;

⑤ opening the barrel cover, checking the fermentation effect, and determining that the fermentation is successful if there is a certain amount of bubbles on the surface of the feed and the feed is fragrant, or that the fermentation is failed if there is no bubbles or odor;

⑥ and exposing the fermented feed to the sun to dry completely to obtain the final product feed for feeding breeding seeds.