CN1552202A - Method for breeding scallops by hybrid - Google Patents
Method for breeding scallops by hybrid Download PDFInfo
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- CN1552202A CN1552202A CNA03112416XA CN03112416A CN1552202A CN 1552202 A CN1552202 A CN 1552202A CN A03112416X A CNA03112416X A CN A03112416XA CN 03112416 A CN03112416 A CN 03112416A CN 1552202 A CN1552202 A CN 1552202A
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- chlamys farreri
- patinopecten yessoensis
- high yield
- constant temperature
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Abstract
A cross method for breeding the high-yield crossed fan shell includes such steps as culturing chlamys as female parent and Xiayi fan shell as male parent, synchronous spawning, synchronous fertilization, and culturing the crossed generation. Its advantages are high survival rate, high growth speed, high yield increased by 50-60%, and high stress resistance.
Description
Technical field:
The invention belongs to the marine biotechnology field, is distant hybridization breeding technology in the research of shellfish genetic breeding, is to cultivate a kind of technical methods degeneration-resistant, high yielding culture scallop new varieties under production scale.
Background technology:
Hybridize the mating between two dissimilar parents that generally are meant more than kind or the strain, the mating between two parents of classification position more than planting is called distant hybridization.
Chlamys farreri is the main kind of China's scallop culture, and it is nutritious, economic worth is high, is subjected to liking of domestic and international consumer deeply.Wide because of comfort zone, aquaculture cost is lower, in China the supremacy clause of carrying out scallop culture is arranged, and the development scallop culture is very potential.Since 1997, occurred extensive death continuously, dampened the enthusiasm of aquaculture, cultured area reduces year by year, has caused enormous economic loss.Germplasm is degenerated, and disease takes place frequently, cultures individual miniaturization has become chlamys farreri aquaculture problem demanding prompt solution.
Patinopecten yessoensis is individual big, the economic worth height, and strong stress resistance is the cold water shellfish, since nineteen eighty-two introduced a fine variety from Japan, culture experiment had actively been carried out in each sea area, the north, because of being subjected to the influence of China sea area water temperature in summer, crosses the summer difficulty.In addition, because of its no byssus adheres to, artificial raft culture needs special equipment, often adopts the method that the artificial end broadcasts, and culture in the minority sea area that is confined to northern China, fails large tracts of land to promote.Compare with chlamys farreri, the pluses and minuses that both sides are shown aspect proterties have complementarity, simultaneously both sides' biology significant difference, the alternative variation amplitude of filial generation is extensive, can integrate the merit of two kinds of scallops by the hybridization approach, obtain new improved seeds.
Mainly contain the hybridization of chlamys farreri and bay scallop, bay scallop and Patinopecten yessoensis, Patinopecten yessoensis and northwest dish scallop, chlamys farreri and Patinopecten yessoensis at present about the work of scallop distant hybridization breeding, major part is only grown the embryonic development stage, the hybridization of wherein having reported chlamys farreri and Patinopecten yessoensis is without the hybridization between the close shellfish of seed selection, and research also only limits to the feasibility of hybridizing and early stage embryonic development and genetics research, do not see that the high yield chlamys farreri of relevant application seed selection and Patinopecten yessoensis hybridize and produce report degeneration-resistant, the high yield scallop.
Summary of the invention:
The objective of the invention is chlamys farreri female individuals and Patinopecten yessoensis male hybridization technique by seed selection for years, cultivate the scallop hybrid seed fast, high-output stress-resistance that grows, effectively the quality of containment existence at present descends, the large tracts of land problem of death is for scallop culture sustainable and stable development already provides a new outlet.
The present invention finishes according to following method of operating:
Cultivate high yield chlamys farreri colony: setting up high yield chlamys farreri family, is standard with shell length, at growth rate, by the selection breeding in continuous four generations, forms the seed selection colony of a production traits excellence.
Degeneration-resistant, high yield scallop crossbreeding technology: from the high yield chlamys farreri family of selecting breeding to obtain, select female individuals, hybridize,, use male to be no less than 30 at every turn for guaranteeing genetic diversity with the Patinopecten yessoensis male.Lay eggs, arrange smart purpose simultaneously in order to reach chlamys farreri and Patinopecten yessoensis, the chlamys farreri cultivation that need heat up, consistent with the breeding period of Patinopecten yessoensis.Move into February in the pond, began in the 3rd day to heat up and cultivate, heat up 1 ℃ every day, to 12 ℃ of constant temperature 6 days, 14 ℃ of constant temperature 5 days, constant temperature culture is 5-7 days during water temperature to 16 ℃, and want strictness to select female body this moment, waits for Patinopecten yessoensis laying eggs simultaneously, is fertilized.
Cultivate the hybridization first filial generation: suitable water temperature is that D-type larva initial stage to shell pushes up water temperature 16-18 ℃ of mid-term, after embryophore length grows into 170 microns, raises 1 ℃ every day, to 20 ℃ of constant temperature cultivations.
With the prior art contrast, the technology of the present invention has following characteristics:
1. hybridization can increase variability, and available hybrid vigour appears in comprehensive parents' merit.The present invention is on traditional hybridization technique basis, adopt existing chlamys farreri family and Patinopecten yessoensis hybridization with high-yield character, to keep the high-yield character of chlamys farreri, improve the anti-adversity ability of hybridization first filial generation simultaneously on this basis, thereby obtain to be applied to the high yield in the large-scale production, the breeding method of degeneration-resistant scallop seed.
2. adopt the hybridization first filial generation of this method cultivation to show good biological character, cultured for two anniversaries, growth rate is than producing with kind of a raising 30%; Particularly resistance has obvious enhancing, and the survival rate of hybridization first filial generation is at 80-90%, and the survival rate of chlamys farreri is at 10-20%.Scallop culture output can improve 50-60%.
Embodiment:
Be described in detail high yield chlamys farreri of the present invention and Patinopecten yessoensis distant hybrid breeding method below by embodiment:
Most preferred embodiment concrete operations technical process:
By to the chlamys farreri selection breeding in continuous four generations, formed the seed selection colony of a production traits excellence, its growth rate improves more than 20% with production with planting to compare.From then on select female individuals in the family, hybridize,, use male to be no less than 30 at every turn for guaranteeing genetic diversity with the Patinopecten yessoensis male.
Lay eggs, arrange smart purpose simultaneously in order to reach chlamys farreri and Patinopecten yessoensis, chlamys farreri need move into the indoor cultivation that heats up from late Febuary.Chlamys farreri is gone into behind the pond to heat up since the 3rd day and is cultivated, and heats up 1 ℃ every day, to 12 ℃ of constant temperature 6 days, 14 ℃ of constant temperature 5 days, constant temperature culture is 5-7 days during water temperature to 16 ℃, this moment the chlamys farreri sexual gland maturation that reached full growth.When water temperature rose to 14 ℃, male and female were selected in strictness, and male shellfish is all rejected, and will prevent that also hermaphroditism from mixing wherein simultaneously.Select the male shellfish of Patinopecten yessoensis mid-March from the sea area, go into the pond after every day heat up 1 ℃, support temporarily to 8 ℃ of constant temperature, wait for chlamys farreri and lay eggs, arrange essence simultaneously.Lay eggs 17 ℃ of water temperatures of chlamys farreri after the ovum output, are checked to have or not sperm to pollute.Patinopecten yessoensis is arranged 15 ℃ of smart water temperatures.Should be fertilized as early as possible after the smart ovum output, be no more than 2 hours after the ovum output, sperm is no more than 0.5 hour, and the sperm consumption has 2-3 sperm to be advisable with around each ovum of microscopy.The cultivation water temperature of hybridization first filial generation larval stage: D-type larva initial stage to shell pushes up water temperature 16-18 ℃ of mid-term, and after embryophore length grew into 170 microns, 1 ℃ to the 20 ℃ constant temperature that raises every day was cultivated.
It is as follows to finish the concrete operations of aforesaid operations process:
1. the foundation of high yield chlamys farreri family: in the work in early stage, through data analysis, shell is long to be relevant with body weight, consider all multifactor, in the selection plan shell length and body weight being considered as a characteristic index, is index with shell length only, simplifies the seed selection program.Choose seeds at growth rate, through the seed selection in four generations, form the seed selection colony (G7) of a production traits excellence, its growing state sees Table 1, table 2.
Cultivate through nearly 5 years selection, G7 population growth The Characters excellence, individual variation is less in the group, and proterties tends towards stability.G7 vegetative period was than long one month of wild species, but long a times of surpassing semi's scallop of the average shell of G7 illustrates that its growth rate is considerably beyond wild stocks.
(G3, G4 G7) compare (in June, 2002) with the wild stocks growing state for table 1, chlamys farreri seed selection family
The average long cm soft body of the shell index % dried scallop index % growth rate value added of project N (individual)
Wild stocks 50 4.36 6.42 5.11/
G3 58 5.37 8.06 6.23 23.20
G4 53 5.56 8.41 6.18 27.60
G7 60 5.91 8.77 7.02 35.40
Annotate: heavy (g) * 100 of soft body index=soft body dry weight (g)/shell
Heavy (g) * 100 of dried scallop index=closed shell flesh dry weight (g)/shell
Growth rate value added=(seed selection family shell height-control series shell height) * 100/ control series (wild species) shell height
Table 2, high yield population G7 and wild stocks (half people collects seedling) growing state is (in September, 2002) relatively
The long maxmin criterion error of the average shell of group vegetative period
G7 6.46 7.2 5.6 0.388 16
Wild stocks 3.14 4.6 2.1 0.673 15
2. degeneration-resistant, high yield scallop crossbreeding technology: from the high yield chlamys farreri family of selecting breeding to obtain, select female individuals, hybridize,, use male to be no less than 30 at every turn for guaranteeing genetic diversity with the Patinopecten yessoensis male.
Chlamys farreri is different with the Patinopecten yessoensis natural propagation phase, and the mating season of chlamys farreri is in May first arrival mid or late May, 14-15 ℃ of breeding water temperature.Patinopecten yessoensis mating season at the beginning of by the end of March to 4 months, 4-8 ℃ of breeding water temperature.Lay eggs, arrange smart purpose simultaneously in order to reach chlamys farreri and Patinopecten yessoensis, chlamys farreri need move into the indoor cultivation that heats up from late Febuary.Chlamys farreri is gone into behind the pond to heat up since the 3rd day and is cultivated, and heats up 1 ℃ every day, to 12 ℃ of constant temperature 6 days, 14 ℃ of constant temperature 5 days, constant temperature culture is 5-7 days during water temperature to 16 ℃, this moment the chlamys farreri sexual gland maturation that reached full growth.When water temperature rose to 14 ℃, male and female were selected in strictness, and male shellfish is all rejected, and will prevent that also hermaphroditism from mixing wherein simultaneously.Select the male shellfish of Patinopecten yessoensis mid-March from the sea area, go into the pond after every day heat up 1 ℃, support temporarily to 8 ℃ of constant temperature, wait for chlamys farreri and lay eggs, arrange essence simultaneously.Lay eggs 17 ℃ of water temperatures of chlamys farreri after the ovum output, are checked to have or not sperm to pollute.Patinopecten yessoensis is arranged 15 ℃ of smart water temperatures.Should be fertilized as early as possible after the smart ovum output, be no more than 2 hours after the ovum output, sperm is no more than 0.5 hour, and the sperm consumption has 2-3 sperm to be advisable with around each ovum of microscopy.
Result of study shows the maternal partially feature in hybridization first filial generation, the cultivation water temperature of larval stage should be higher than the cultivation water temperature of Patinopecten yessoensis larva, the low excessively growth that is unfavorable for hybridizing the first filial generation of water temperature, the suitable water temperature of cultivating: D-type larva initial stage to shell pushes up water temperature 16-18 ℃ of mid-term, after embryophore length grows into 170 microns, 1 ℃ to the 20 ℃ constant temperature that raises every day is cultivated, and normally metamorphosis is juvenile mollusk.Larval growth speed is fast than the chlamys farreri larva, and the individuality of eyespot larva is bigger, can reach 200 microns.Breed and the same chlamys farreri of cultural technique in the middle of the juvenile mollusk.
By culture experiment for many years, hybridization first filial generation growth rate improves 30% than producing with planting, and survival rate improves 70-80%, and the development and application of this technology will make scallop culture output improve 50-60% under existence conditions.
Claims (1)
1. high yield chlamys farreri and Patinopecten yessoensis cross breeding method, the operation sequence that it is characterized in that it is: cultivate high yield chlamys farreri colony, carry out chlamys farreri and Patinopecten yessoensis crossbreeding and the cultivation of hybridization first filial generation, it cultivates high yield chlamys farreri colony: set up high yield chlamys farreri family, through the seed selection of four generations, be as the criterion with shell length, at growth rate, select breeding, obtain the female individuals of high yield chlamys farreri family, and female body is selected in strictness, hybridize with the Patinopecten yessoensis male, the Patinopecten yessoensis male is no less than 30; Chlamys farreri and Patinopecten yessoensis crossbreeding: the chlamys farreri cultivation that need heat up, move into indoor in late Febuary, heat up 1 ℃ every day, to 12 ℃ of constant temperature 6 days, 14 ℃ of constant temperature 5 days, constant temperature culture is 5-7 days during water temperature to 16 ℃, and is consistent with the breeding period of Patinopecten yessoensis, reaches that chlamys farreri and Patinopecten yessoensis are laid eggs simultaneously, row is smart simultaneously; Cultivate the hybridization first filial generation: cultivation water temperature, the preference temperature of larval stage are: D-type larva initial stage to shell pushes up water temperature 16-18 ℃ of mid-term, after embryophore length grows into 170 microns, raises 1 ℃ every day, to 20 ℃ of constant temperature cultivations.
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| CN 03112416 CN1283143C (en) | 2003-05-29 | 2003-05-29 | Method for breeding scallops by hybrid |
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Cited By (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN100366148C (en) * | 2005-09-23 | 2008-02-06 | 中国海洋大学 | Iteration selective breeding method for scallop |
| CN100420374C (en) * | 2005-10-09 | 2008-09-24 | 中国海洋大学 | Hybrid breeding method for high-yield reversible-resisting ctenoid pectinid and luxurious ctenoid pectinid |
| CN100444725C (en) * | 2005-10-09 | 2008-12-24 | 中国海洋大学 | Breeding method of high-yield reversible-resisting hybrid ctenoid variety |
| CN100559938C (en) * | 2007-09-30 | 2009-11-18 | 中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所 | The breeding method of novel strain of white patinopecten yessoensis |
| CN101361467B (en) * | 2008-09-25 | 2011-07-20 | 大连水产学院 | Common intertidal shellfish hybridization method |
| CN102217561A (en) * | 2010-04-13 | 2011-10-19 | 中国科学院海洋研究所 | Method for preparing male sterile bodies of argopecten irradians |
| CN104488762A (en) * | 2014-11-27 | 2015-04-08 | 中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所 | Method for hybridizing different geographical colonies and rearing seeds of scapharca broughtonii |
| CN104823889A (en) * | 2015-05-20 | 2015-08-12 | 莱州市曙光渔业有限公司 | Breeding method for scallop hybridization breeding |
| CN105875453A (en) * | 2016-04-28 | 2016-08-24 | 大连海洋大学 | Crossbreeding method for improving high-temperature tolerance of patinopecten yesoensis |
| CN108522378A (en) * | 2018-01-21 | 2018-09-14 | 青岛农业大学 | The breeding method of female Alaska scallop and male Yessoensis generation commodity offspring seed |
| CN112772479A (en) * | 2020-12-15 | 2021-05-11 | 中国水产科学研究院长岛增殖实验站 | Method for synchronously developing gonads of Japanese scallop and chlamys farreri and hybrid seedling culture method |
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- 2003-05-29 CN CN 03112416 patent/CN1283143C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (15)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN100366148C (en) * | 2005-09-23 | 2008-02-06 | 中国海洋大学 | Iteration selective breeding method for scallop |
| CN100420374C (en) * | 2005-10-09 | 2008-09-24 | 中国海洋大学 | Hybrid breeding method for high-yield reversible-resisting ctenoid pectinid and luxurious ctenoid pectinid |
| CN100444725C (en) * | 2005-10-09 | 2008-12-24 | 中国海洋大学 | Breeding method of high-yield reversible-resisting hybrid ctenoid variety |
| CN100559938C (en) * | 2007-09-30 | 2009-11-18 | 中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所 | The breeding method of novel strain of white patinopecten yessoensis |
| CN101361467B (en) * | 2008-09-25 | 2011-07-20 | 大连水产学院 | Common intertidal shellfish hybridization method |
| CN102217561B (en) * | 2010-04-13 | 2013-12-18 | 中国科学院海洋研究所 | Method for preparing male sterile bodies of argopecten irradians |
| CN102217561A (en) * | 2010-04-13 | 2011-10-19 | 中国科学院海洋研究所 | Method for preparing male sterile bodies of argopecten irradians |
| CN104488762A (en) * | 2014-11-27 | 2015-04-08 | 中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所 | Method for hybridizing different geographical colonies and rearing seeds of scapharca broughtonii |
| CN104488762B (en) * | 2014-11-27 | 2016-06-01 | 中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所 | A kind of chief's blood clam Different population hybrid breeding method |
| CN104823889A (en) * | 2015-05-20 | 2015-08-12 | 莱州市曙光渔业有限公司 | Breeding method for scallop hybridization breeding |
| CN105875453A (en) * | 2016-04-28 | 2016-08-24 | 大连海洋大学 | Crossbreeding method for improving high-temperature tolerance of patinopecten yesoensis |
| CN105875453B (en) * | 2016-04-28 | 2018-11-16 | 大连海洋大学 | Improve the cross breeding method of Patinopecten yessoensis high temperature tolerance |
| CN108522378A (en) * | 2018-01-21 | 2018-09-14 | 青岛农业大学 | The breeding method of female Alaska scallop and male Yessoensis generation commodity offspring seed |
| CN112772479A (en) * | 2020-12-15 | 2021-05-11 | 中国水产科学研究院长岛增殖实验站 | Method for synchronously developing gonads of Japanese scallop and chlamys farreri and hybrid seedling culture method |
| CN112772479B (en) * | 2020-12-15 | 2022-04-29 | 中国水产科学研究院长岛增殖实验站 | Method for synchronously developing gonads of Japanese scallop and chlamys farreri and hybrid seedling culture method |
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