CN102657117A - Family building and good family breeding method for channel catfish - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a family building and good family breeding method for channel catfish. The method comprises the following steps of: 1) building a channel catfish family: high-quality parent channel catfish with different germplasm resources are selected, the inbreeding is strictly controlled, the artificial directional mating technology is adopted for building the family through intraspecific hybridization, and each family is respectively subjected to hatching; and 2) screening channel catfish fast growing families: the three culture stages of the channel catfish seedling including the larva fish stage, the postlarva fish stage and the juvenile fish stage are regarded as the key stages for the channel catfish family breeding, the standardized culture is carried out, and the fast growing families are screened out through growth comparison. The method has the characteristics that the pertinency is strong, the breeding efficiency is high, the operation is simple, the effect is obvious, and the like. The built channel catfish family and the built good family breeding method open a new technology path for the high-yield good variety breeding of the channel catfish, and the good-family fish fry can be directly popularized and applied or can be used for breeding high-yield good varieties of the channel catfish.

Description

A kind of channel catfish family is set up and the breeding superior families method

Technical field:

The invention belongs to the fish fine-variety breeding method in the aquaculture field, is that a kind of family that can in the seed selection of channel catfish excellent strain, use makes up and selection.

Technical background:

Catfish (Ictalures? Punctatus) also known as the Inter-American catfish, channel catfish, catfish belong shaped head, channel catfish families, originating in the United States, with a tender and delicious, wide temperature range of fast growth, disease resistance, feed conversion ratio characteristics.The breed in year facts have proved that channel catfish has tangible industry development advantage, and bright development prospect is arranged surplus China 20, and the Ministry of Agriculture has classified channel catfish as one of freshwater fish kind of industrialization focus development.

Channel catfish is as external breed variety, and parental population is little, and breeding technique also is limited to crossbreeding technology and colony's breeding technique.But because the management after lacking the files of introducing a fine variety and introducing a fine variety; The hybridization colony background that is adopted is unclear, and also without the science contrast, there is blindness to a certain degree in crossbreeding to results of hybridization; Be easy to generate serious inbreeding and inbreeding depression, cause the decline of seed quality.And problems such as growth rate descends, disease takes place frequently in the initiation breeding production.

Therefore strengthen the research of channel catfish genetic breeding, change the present situation of channel catfish germplasm decline as early as possible, become one of main direction of channel catfish industry development.The present invention has designed complete practicable, the outstanding effect channel catfish family of a cover according to the biology characteristics of channel catfish and has set up and breeding technique.

Summary of the invention:

The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of channel catfish family and set up and the breeding superior families method, cultivating for the channel catfish high-yield variety provides technical method.

Technology contents of the present invention is following: comprise the foundation of (1) channel catfish family; (2) the channel catfish screening of family of growing fast;

(1) foundation of channel catfish family comprises: parent population selection and cultivation, artificial orientation's mating, the hatching of family seed;

Parent population is selected and cultivates: choose 5 batches of germplasm parent populations that derive from U.S. Mississippi, Arkansas, Texas different batches, every batch of parent population quantity 40-60 tail.The appearance requirement bodily form, body colour are normal, and body surface smooth has mucus, and physique is healthy and strong, no disease, do not have wounded or disabled and distort.Female-male proportion 1: 1 or 2: 1.In 4 age-10 ages of parent population, close fish length is more than the 50cm, and body weight is more than the 2.0kg.One piece of PIT electronic marker of every tail parent population lumbar injection is confirmed the traceable identity numbering of every tail parent population.Parent population carries out antenatal reinforced cultivating at the Tu Chizhong iced trash fish of feeding, and day throwing the amount of raising is the 1.5%-3% of fish body weight.Parent fish rearing density is 0.5-1kg/m ², dissolved oxygen＞6mg/L;

Artificial orientation's mating: in annual 6-7 month, 24 ℃-28 ℃ of water temperatures.Choose the gonadal maturation parent population.The raun belly expands softness, and flexible, when fish tail portion was upwards carried, the ovary profile was obvious, and gonopore is circle slightly, and redness is little to evagination; Milter sexual organ tubulose, terminal taper is outstanding.The parent population combo is carried out between different batches, and inbreeding is avoided in strictness.Parent population 1 female 1 hero is put into oopod mate and oviposit automatically separately.Parent population lays eggs and takes 2～15 days, the back weighing record pieces of an egg weight of laying eggs, and every nest ovum is set up the family identity numbering that can trace parent's pedigree.

[0009] family seed hatching: the family pieces of an egg are put into hatching apparatus and are hatched respectively, 21～28 ℃ of hatching water temperatures, and the brooding time of every group of ovum 4～8 days, average brooding time is 6 days.

(2) grow the fast screening of family of channel catfish comprises; Standardization cultivation alevin stage, the standardization cultivation of postlarva phase, young stage standardization are cultivated;

Standardization alevin stage is cultivated: begin to emerge to hatching completion experience 1～2d; Young seedling 2～3d, about 50 tails of yolk seedling specification/g, picked at random 1000 tails/family seed; Drop into and cultivate intermediate rearing pond, workshop (3m * 0.8m * 0.6m) flowing water qi of chong channel ascending adversely cultivation respectively; 3～4d does open-mouthed bait with zooplankton, and 7d begins the progressively artificial powder that cooperates of food calling, changes the preventing and controlling of strengthening parasitosis during eating.

The standardization of postlarva phase is cultivated: young seedling 7～10d; After fingerlings artificial cooperates the powder commentaries on classics to eat successfully; To fry specification 0.2～0.7g/ tail; Picked at random 400 tails/family, (3m * 2m * 1m) the flowing water qi of chong channel ascending adversely is cultivated respectively, progressively the artificial special-purpose buoyancy material of channel catfish that cooperates of food calling to drop into outdoor intermediate rearing cement pit.

The young stage standardization is cultivated: the about 120d of juvenile fish, and fish body specification 15～65g, picked at random 50 tails/family, every tail fish is all injected a PIT electronic marker, puts into Tu Chi as the breeding core group and raises together with, and breeding density is 200～500 tail/mus.Reach marketable fish size to 10～December of next year; Collect family filial generation survival rate and whose body weight data, through the Quantitative Genetics analysis, preferred family and individuality; Select that premunition is strong, fast growth and healthy and strong not have the individual 100-200 that hinders right, as the reserve parent fish of setting up family of future generation.To 3～4 ages of reserve parent fish, reach the sexual maturity stage, carry out a new round combo, hatch, grow seedlings, proceed seed selection.

2008 and 2009 in Jiangsu channel catfish genetic breeding centre base the inventive method is used; Utilize the channel catfish basic population to make up 109 of familys; Culture and the economic characters assessment through the growth contrast, filter out 2 of superior families combinations, its average growth utilizes speed to improve 22.23% and 18.2% than average respectively; The filial generation survival rate improves 14.53% and 0.22% than average, and the seed selection effect is obvious.Preferred family seed can directly be applied, and also can be used for the high yield new lines and cultivates.

Claims (1)

1. a channel catfish family is set up and the breeding superior families method, it is characterized in that its technology contents comprises: the foundation of (1) channel catfish family; (2) the channel catfish screening of family of growing fast;

(1) foundation of channel catfish family comprises: parent population selection and cultivation, artificial orientation's mating, the hatching of family seed;

Parent population is selected and cultivates: choose 5 batches of germplasm parent populations that derive from U.S. Mississippi, Arkansas, Texas different batches, every batch of parent population quantity 40-60 tail.The appearance requirement bodily form, body colour are normal, and body surface smooth has mucus, and physique is healthy and strong, no disease, do not have wounded or disabled and distort.Female-male proportion 1: 1 or 2: 1.In 4 age-10 ages of parent population, close fish length is more than the 50cm, and body weight is more than the 2.0kg.One piece of PIT electronic marker of every tail parent population lumbar injection is confirmed the traceable identity numbering of every tail parent population.Parent population carries out antenatal reinforced cultivating at the Tu Chizhong iced trash fish of feeding, and day throwing the amount of raising is the 1.5%-3% of fish body weight.Parent fish rearing density is 0.5-1kg/m ², dissolved oxygen＞6mg/L;

Artificial orientation's mating: in annual 6-7 month, 24 ℃-28 ℃ of water temperatures.Choose the gonadal maturation parent population.The raun belly expands softness, and flexible, when fish tail portion was upwards carried, the ovary profile was obvious, and gonopore is circle slightly, and redness is little to evagination; Milter sexual organ tubulose, terminal taper is outstanding.The parent population combo is carried out between different batches, and inbreeding is avoided in strictness.Parent population 1 female 1 hero is put into oopod mate and oviposit automatically separately.Parent population lays eggs and takes 2～15 days, the back weighing record pieces of an egg weight of laying eggs, and every nest ovum is set up the family identity numbering that can trace parent's pedigree.

Family seed hatching: the family pieces of an egg are put into hatching apparatus and are hatched respectively, 21～28 ℃ of hatching water temperatures, and the brooding time of every group of ovum 4～8 days, average brooding time is 6 days.

(2) grow the fast screening of family of channel catfish comprises; Standardization cultivation alevin stage, the standardization cultivation of postlarva phase, young stage standardization are cultivated;

Standardization alevin stage is cultivated: begin to emerge to hatching completion experience 1～2d; Young seedling 2～3d, about 50 tails of yolk seedling specification/g, picked at random 1000 tails/family seed; Drop into and cultivate intermediate rearing pond, workshop (3m * 0.8m * 0.6m) flowing water qi of chong channel ascending adversely cultivation respectively; 3～4d does open-mouthed bait with zooplankton, and 7d begins the progressively artificial powder that cooperates of food calling, changes the preventing and controlling of strengthening parasitosis during eating.

The standardization of postlarva phase is cultivated: young seedling 7～10d; After fingerlings artificial cooperates the powder commentaries on classics to eat successfully; To fry specification 0.2～0.7g/ tail; Picked at random 400 tails/family, (3m * 2m * 1m) the flowing water qi of chong channel ascending adversely is cultivated respectively, progressively the artificial special-purpose buoyancy material of channel catfish that cooperates of food calling to drop into outdoor intermediate rearing cement pit.

The young stage standardization is cultivated: the about 120d of juvenile fish, and fish body specification 15～65g, picked at random 50 tails/family, every tail fish is all injected a PIT electronic marker, puts into Tu Chi as the breeding core group and raises together with, and breeding density is 200～500 tail/mus.Reach marketable fish size to 10～December of next year; Collect family filial generation survival rate and whose body weight data, through the Quantitative Genetics analysis, preferred family and individuality; Select that premunition is strong, fast growth and healthy and strong not have the individual 100-200 that hinders right, as the reserve parent fish of setting up family of future generation.To 3～4 ages of reserve parent fish, reach the sexual maturity stage, carry out a new round combo, hatch, grow seedlings, proceed seed selection.