CN101317550A - Artificial nursery stock growing method for hybridized mussel - Google Patents
Artificial nursery stock growing method for hybridized mussel Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to an artificial seedling method for hybrid mussels in factory, comprising the seedling steps as follows: parent clam selecting, parent clam reinforced cultivation, stimulating the production by drying in the shade and flowing water, selecting the spermatozoa of the male parent thick shell mussels and ovum of the female parent blue mussel, larval culture, juvenile culture, etc. The hybrid seedling technique of the invention can successfully cultivate the healthy and high-quality hybrid juvenile mussels, provide the material condition for the property improvement of the mussels, meanwhile, the method of the invention lays the technical foundation for adding a new cultivation type for the seawater mussel cultivation in China and has important theoretical significance and wide application prospect.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the seedling-cultivating method of a kind of mussel, relate in particular to the artificial raise seedling method of a kind of hybridization mussel of batch production; Belong to technical field of aquaculture.
Background technology
Hybrid vigour is that ubiquitous a kind of important biomolecule is learned phenomenon, play an important role to improveing biological productivity, and crossbreeding is as the important channel of aquatic biological breeding, play a role in the breed improvement of aquatic biological with in producing, it has the variability of increasing and heterogeneity, comprehensive parents' merit produces the unexistent new proterties of some parents, many-sided active factors such as available hybrid vigour occur.Therefore, hybrid vigour will become the genetics basis of shellfish modern breeding.For solving the dead on a large scale and problems such as some important economic shellfishes growths are slow, production cycle length of China's cultivated shellfish, hybridization and heterosis utilization become the active demand of industry survival and development; Domestic intraspecific hybridization, interspecific cross mariculture shellfishes such as oyster, scallop, abalone, pearl shells obtained breakthrough progress, China become use best, the maximum country of benefiting of the obtained effect of hybrid vigour solution significant problem in the shellfish industry.
In recent years along with the development of China's mariculture industry, because global warming, seawater pollution and disease take place often, shrimp, shellfish, ginseng are cultured and have all been occurred big landslide to some extent, cause this situation except above-mentioned reason, the improved seeds of culturing seed degeneration, shortage high yield, high-quality, strong stress resistance also are main causes.For example: mortality appears in current chlamys farreri, but the bay scallop in same sea area life is normal, this be because bay scallop by constantly introducing a fine variety, the seed quality problems are resolved.China's mariculture industry sea-tangle the earliest constantly by crossbreeding work, does not wane this aquaculture industry Changxing of sea-tangle for another example.Facts have proved that crossbreeding is easy to operation, offspring's resistance against diseases that hybridization is bred is strong, and growth is fast, the survival rate height.If can find the roughly the same sibling species class cross-breeding of geographical distribution, effectively solve the good plan of current puzzlement mariculture industry beyond doubt.
Mussel is one of important economic shellfish of China, is the marine products treasure that has won fame both at home and abroad.The meat flavour deliciousness, nutritious, dry product contains protein 53.5%, fat 6.9%, carbohydrate 17.6%, mineral salt 8.6%, and trace element and several amino acids such as various vitamin, iodine, calcium, phosphorus, iron; Principal item has Mytilus galloprovincialis, Trachyostracous mussel and Perna viridis.
The Shengsi County, Zhejiang Province is the original producton location of Trachyostracous mussel (Mytilus.coruscus Gould) and the concentrated culture zone of Mytilus galloprovincialis (Mytilus.edulis Linnaems), before 1972, the wild Trachyostracous mussel of Shengsi archipelago main product, beginning to introduce Mytilus galloprovincialis from the northern China sea area in 1973 propagates artificially, cultured area enlarges year by year, cultured output improves constantly, by 2006, the mussel culture area is 1200ha, cultured output reaches 50,000 tons, and mussel culture has become the pillar industry of this county mariculture.
The research of mussel reproductive biology, as far back as the sixties～seventies in 20th century, domestic many scientific and technological institutes all carried out detailed research, but the production of large-scale production seed also lacks systematic research, and the documents and materials report is few.And China's mussel culture is mainly based on Mytilus galloprovincialis, and the Mytilus galloprovincialis seed can obtain in a large number by sea area semi's method, and therefore, up to the present China never have large-scale industrialized total man worker mussel seed manufacturer.
Over past ten years, concentrate the breed sea area Shengsi archipelago mussel, the annual proterties such as a collection of mussel that has Trachyostracous mussel and Mytilus galloprovincialis feature simultaneously, the dressing percentage after its ecological feature and the processing, mouthfeel of adhering to naturally are between two kinds of mussels.Because this mussel just occurs after Mytilus galloprovincialis is introduced, local breed dealer is called the hybridization mussel.The Shen Yubang of Shanghai Aquatic Products Univ. 9CN) has also confirmed this point with molecular biological method.External research report confirms, in Mediterranean, sea areas such as the North Sea, the English Channel, U.S.West Coast also exist Mytilus galloprovincialis, Mediterranean mussel, lid to rein in the hybridization phenomenon of mussel kinds such as mussel, and the interspecific cross offspring physiological characteristic of mussel explored, but also do not utilize interspecific cross to carry out the relevant report that yielding ability is grown seedlings up to now both at home and abroad.Find the hybridization mussel in the Shengsi County, this just provides a new approach for the seed that solves mussel.In addition, on economic benefit, there is investigation to show, selling price Trachyostracous mussel＞hybridization mussel＞Mytilus galloprovincialis, therefore, development hybridization mussel culture has the yielding ability meaning of reality.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide and a kind ofly can obtain a large amount of high-qualitys, healthy fertilized egg and and then cultivate the batch production artificial seedling rearing method of a large amount of hybridization mussel juvenile mollusks.
Above-mentioned technical problem of the present invention is solved by the following technical programs: a kind of artificial raise seedling method of hybridizing mussel, and this method may further comprise the steps:
A, close shellfish hot housing: select Trachyostracous mussel and Mytilus galloprovincialis as close shellfish, after cleaning, sterilizing, put into culture pond respectively and carried out hot housing 7～15 days;
B, hasten parturition, determine close shellfish male parent and female parent: with above-mentioned through the close shellfish after the hot housing through cleaning, the sterilization back by dry in the shade stimulation 16～20 hours, carries out stimulation by running water again and hastened parturition in 1～3 hour earlier; Close shellfish that then will be to be produced is put into and adopts in the ovum pond hydrostatic and adopt ovum, according to the laying eggs and arrange smart situation of close shellfish, determines close shellfish male parent and female parent;
C, adopt ovum hatching: with above-mentioned close shellfish male parent and maternal through cleaning, putting into newly to adopt in the ovum pond after the sterilization and adopt ovum, under the condition of 15～20 ℃ of water temperatures, inflate hatching after adopting ovum, hatch and develop into straight line twisting larva after 35～45 hours, collection then;
D, larval culture: above-mentioned straight line twisting larva of collecting is put into the cultivation pond cultivate, the young is through straight line twisting larval phase, shell top larval phase at initial stage, shell top larval phase in mid-term, shell top larval phase in later stage,, the eyespot larval phase, cultivated into juvenile mollusk with the larval phase of crawling; Wherein the condition of larval culture is: water temperature 21.0-23 ℃, and day quantity of exchanged water 30%～100%; Day is changed water 1～2 time; Salinity is 25～30, and pH value is 7.8～8.2, and dissolved oxygen content is more than the 5mg/L, and ammonia-nitrogen content is below the 0.2mg/L, and intensity of illumination is 500LX～1000LX, continuous charge, and bait is one or more in Isochrysis galbana, flat algae, Nannochloropsis oculata, the little diatom; Treat that young shell grows to 0.3mm and add the spatfall curtain in cultivating the pond, make juvenile mollusk attached on the spatfall curtain;
E, juvenile mollusk are cultivated: continue to cultivate 30～50 hours in cultivating the pond attached to the juvenile mollusk on the spatfall curtain with above-mentioned, wherein the condition of juvenile mollusk cultivation is: water temperature 21.0-23 ℃, and day quantity of exchanged water 100%～300%; Day is changed water 2～3 times; Salinity is 25～30, and pH value is 7.8～8.2, and dissolved oxygen content is more than the 5mg/L, and ammonia-nitrogen content is below the 0.2mg/L, and intensity of illumination is 500LX～1000LX, continuous charge, and bait is two kinds in Isochrysis galbana, the flat algae; Treating to move into when the juvenile mollusk shell grows to 0.8～1.0mm the marine centre of carrying out cultivates.
Above-mentioned Trachyostracous mussel as the parent is the wild mussel of original producton location, Shengsi County self-sow, and Mytilus galloprovincialis is cultured mussel for Liaoning Province's sea in Dalian; The present invention is by artificial hybridization technology between Trachyostracous mussel and Mytilus galloprovincialis kind, cultivate hybridization mussel juvenile mollusk, in above-mentioned cultivating process: at first clear up Trachyostracous mussel and Mytilus galloprovincialis parent's byssus and the attachment outside the shell, clean then, put into concentration at last and be the liquor potassic permanganate dipping 5～10 minutes of 10～20mg/L; The dry in the shade stimulation of parent shellfish carries out in dry ventilation; In newly adopting the ovum pond, also use 100 order left and right sides bolting silk dredgers, remove come-up foam and dirt; Straight line twisting larva put into cultivate the pond and cultivate, keep the water level highest order, open-mouthed bait is based on Isochrysis galbana, day bait throwing in secondary, when the long 0.15mm of young shell, bait is based on two kinds of Isochrysis galbana, flat algaes, day a quantity of exchanged water increase to 100% gradually from 30%; Every 4-5d falls the pond once; The next day added with antibiotic; When 50% above larva can stretch sufficient creeping, in cultivating the pond, carry additionally the spatfall curtain.The spatfall curtain that juvenile mollusk adheres to uses the polyvinyl chloride etting after cleaning and disinfecting to make; According to the density of adhering to larva, determine the supply volume of spatfall curtain.When adhering to juvenile mollusk and grow into the long 0.8-1mm of the shell left and right sides, move into the intermediate rearing that large size seedling seed is carried out in the sea area.
The present invention is according to the basic principle of marine shellfish seed breeding and the biological property of hybridization mussel, particularly breeding physiology and young ecological characteristic, at the subject matter that exists in the existing marine shellfish seed rearing technology, the unique method of utilization is carried out close shellfish and is selected, the hot housing of parent shellfish, the stimulation by running water that dries in the shade is hastened parturition, determine close shellfish male parent and female parent, the hatching of laying eggs, larval culture, the steps of growing seedlings such as juvenile mollusk cultivation, can make Trachyostracous mussel and Mytilus galloprovincialis by artificial hybridization between planting, realize natural spawning, can obtain high quality fertilized egg of scophthatmus, the total man worker who realizes hybridization mussel seed cultivates, and cultivate health, the hybridization mussel juvenile mollusk of high-quality, and it is workable to grow seedlings, consistent.
Test shows: by artificial raise seedling method of the present invention, the incubation rate of hybridization mussel surpasses more than 80%, and growth rate of the young and survival rate are higher than the Trachyostracous mussel and the Mytilus galloprovincialis young far away.
In the artificial raise seedling method of above-mentioned hybridization mussel, the close shellfish hot housing condition described in the steps A is: the close shellfish amount of storing up is 3.0Kg～4.5Kg/m
2Keeping water temperature is 12-16 ℃, day quantity of exchanged water 100%～300%; Day is changed water 2～3 times; Bait is two kinds in Isochrysis galbana, the flat algae, and the density of the Isochrysis galbana of wherein throwing something and feeding every day is 8～120,000 cell/ml, and the density of flat algae is 1～30,000 cell/ml.Diffuse from incomplete maturation of close shellfish sexual gland or part sexual gland wild or that breeding environment obtains,, close shellfish sexual gland is recovered and full maturity by close shellfish hot housing.
In the artificial raise seedling method of above-mentioned hybridization mussel, during stimulation by running water described in the step B flowing water intensity be 30～40 tons of water/hour.At natural waters, mussel sexual gland under the stimulation of cooling, strong wind, spring tide is concentrated and is diffused, and under artificial condition, has only by stimulating mussel to concentrate and diffuses; Flowing water does not reach the purpose of stimulation for a short time, and flowing water is too big, and mussel floats in the full pond of Chi Zhongchong.
In the artificial raise seedling method of above-mentioned hybridization mussel, cleaning described in the step C, disinfecting process are: after close shellfish male parent after will selecting and maternal the cleaning, put into concentration and be the liquor potassic permanganate dipping sterilization 5～10 minutes of 15～25mg/L, described adopting put into 40～80 purposes lace curtaining of collecting seedling in the ovum pond, adopting ovum density is 20～40/ml.The purpose that the present invention cleans after selecting close shellfish male parent and female parent once more is in order to eliminate ovum and the sperm that close shellfish is carried, thereby prevents that its interspecific cross from obscuring.The lace curtaining of collecting seedling is shelved close shellfish, makes things convenient for the mussel ovum to bleed in the pond, mesh greatly can, too secret meeting influences ovum and spills; The present invention adopt above-mentioned grow seedlings adopt ovum density, the empirical data that obtains by test proves: incubation rate, the survival rate that can improve larva.
In the artificial raise seedling method of above-mentioned hybridization mussel, the collection process described in the step C is: adopt the method for 300～400 purpose bolting silk drainings at the bottom of adopting the ovum pond to collect.It is simple and convenient that the present invention adopts the method for end draining to collect, and 1/2～2/5 water body of the siphonage of available technology adopting in can only the sucking-off pond.
In the artificial raise seedling method of above-mentioned hybridization mussel, larval culture density described in the step D is: straight line twisting larval phase is 15～30/ml, it is 10～20/ml that shell pushes up the larval phase at initial stage, it is 8～15/ml that shell pushes up the larval phase in mid-term, it is 5～10/ml that shell pushes up the larval phase in later stage, the eyespot larval phase is 3～6/ml, and the larval phase of crawling is 3～6/ml.The present invention adopts above-mentioned hybridization mussel larva culture density, and the empirical data that obtains by test proves, can obtain incubation rate, the survival rate of higher larva.
In the artificial raise seedling method of above-mentioned hybridization mussel, the hydromining that changes described in the step D changes water with cultivating the method that draining and flowing water are impacted at the bottom of the pond, and adopts 200～300 purpose bolting silks to collect the young at the bottom of cultivating the pond.The hydromining that changes of the present invention carries out draining with the method that end draining and flowing water impact, and this method not only can well be discharged sediments such as foreign material, young ight soil, and can make the young temper its physique in the stage of swimming, and has improved the survival rate of the young; Make ripe back hybridization mussel delicious meat, good to eat.
In the artificial raise seedling method of above-mentioned hybridization mussel, as preferably; The throw something and feed density of Isochrysis galbana is 2～50,000 cell/ml every day among the step D, the density of flat algae is 0.2～0.5 ten thousand cell/ml, the density of Nannochloropsis oculata is 1.0～1.5 ten thousand cell/ml, and the density of little diatom is one or more among 1.0～2.0 ten thousand cell/ml.
In the artificial raise seedling method of above-mentioned hybridization mussel, the water that changes described in the step e is adopt to cultivate the method that draining at the bottom of the pond and flowing water impacts to change water.The hydromining that changes of the present invention carries out draining with the method that end draining and flowing water impact, and this method not only can well be discharged sediments such as foreign material, young ight soil, and can make the young temper its physique in the stage of swimming, and has improved the survival rate of the young; Make ripe back hybridization mussel delicious meat, good to eat.
In the artificial raise seedling method of above-mentioned hybridization mussel, as preferably, the throw something and feed density of Isochrysis galbana is 3～80,000 cell/ml every day in the step e, and the density of flat algae is 0.5～10,000 cell/ml.
In sum, the present invention has the following advantages:
1, the artificial raise seedling method of hybridization mussel of the present invention passes through Trachyostracous mussel and the middle artificial hybrid breeding method of Mytilus galloprovincialis as the parent, thereby the batch production total man worker who has realized hybridization mussel seed cultivates;
2, the Mytilus galloprovincialis and the Trachyostracous mussel young that growth rate and survival rate are higher than under the same terms far away, the same time cultivates of the hybridization mussel young of cultivating by artificial raise seedling method of the present invention; The hatchability of fertile eggs of wherein hybridizing mussel is hybridized the survival rate of the mussel young up to more than 40% up to more than 80% after the hatching;
3, the approaching wild seed of cultivating by artificial raise seedling method of the present invention of hybridization mussel seed is by the finished product meat flavour deliciousness behind the large-scale farming, nutritious; Good in economic efficiency.
Embodiment
Below by embodiment, technical scheme of the present invention is described in further detail; But the present invention is not limited to these embodiment.
Embodiment 1
Select the wild Trachyostracous mussel 20Kg of Shengsi County, Zhejiang and the Mytilus galloprovincialis 10Kg that cultures in the sea area, Dalian as the parent, obtain close shellfish after, cut off byssus and the outer attachment of shell of close shellfish, after the cleaning, with the KMNO of concentration 10mg/L
4Solution dipping 10min puts into the pond respectively with close shellfish and carried out reinforced cultivating 15 days; Wherein close shellfish hot housing condition is: the close shellfish amount of storing up is 3.0kg～4.5kg/m
2, keep 12 ℃ of water temperatures, depth of water 50cm, day is changed water 200%, and day is changed water 2 times; ((density 80,000/ml) is made bait with Zhanjiang Isochrysis galbana for density 30,000/ml) day to throw flat algae; After treating that close shellfish sexual gland reaches full maturity, close shellfish is disinfected once more, put dry ventilation dry in the shade stimulation 18h, stimulation by running water 1.5h, flowing water intensity 40t/h; Put into respectively and adopt ovum pond lace curtaining (making of the 60 mesh sieve thin,tough silk) hydrostatic of collecting seedling and adopt ovum, observe laying eggs and arranging smart situation of close shellfish, determine that respectively Trachyostracous mussel is close shellfish male parent, Mytilus galloprovincialis be a female parent; Respectively hydrostatic is supported 2h temporarily then, after cleaning once more, puts into concentration and be the liquor potassic permanganate dipping sterilization 10 minutes of 15mg/L, puts into then newly to adopt the lace curtaining of collecting seedling in the ovum pond (makings of 60 mesh sieve thin,tough silk) and go up hydrostatic and adopt ovum, adopt ovum density 20-40 individual/ml; Former pond embryo hatching, 15.8～1.62 ℃ of hatching water temperatures, embryonic development is collected larva to straight line twisting larva with the method for 350 mesh sieve thin,tough silk drainings at the bottom of net cage behind the 40h, moves in the nursery pond and carries out larval culture; The larval culture condition: water temperature is 1.62～23.0 ℃, and salinity is 25～28, and PH is 8.0～8.2, more than the dissolved oxygen 5mg/L, and below the ammonia nitrogen 0.2mg/L, illumination 500LX, continuous charge treats that young shell grows to 0.3mm and add the spatfall curtain in cultivating the pond; Water level highest order when putting into the young, open-mouthed bait be based on Isochrysis galbana, Nannochloropsis oculata, little diatom, day bait throwing in secondary, day bait feeding density: 20,000 cell/ml of Isochrysis galbana, 1.0 ten thousand cell/ml of Nannochloropsis oculata, 0.5 ten thousand cell/ml of little diatom; When the long 0.15mm of young shell, bait is based on Isochrysis galbana, flat algae, Nannochloropsis oculata, little diatom, day bait feeding density: 20,000 cell/ml of Isochrysis galbana, 0.5 ten thousand cell/ml of flat algae, 1.0 ten thousand cell/ml of Nannochloropsis oculata, 0.5 ten thousand cell/ml of little diatom; The method that employing end draining and flowing water impact is changed water, and adopts 300～200 purpose bolting silks to collect larva at the bottom of cultivating the pond, and day is changed water 1-2 time, and a day quantity of exchanged water increases to 100% gradually from 30%; Every 4-5d falls the pond once; Keep 22.0 ℃ of average water temperatures; Continuous charge; The next day add the antibiotic that concentration is 1mg/L～2mg/L; Larval culture density: straight line twisting larva is 15/ml, and the shell top is 10/ml the larval phase at initial stage, and shell top larval phase in mid-term is 8/ml, and shell top larval phase in later stage is 5/ml, and the eyespot larval phase is 3/ml, and the larval phase of crawling is 3/ml.During the long 0.28mm of young shell, when 50% above larva can stretch foot and creeps, in cultivating the pond, carry additionally the spatfall curtain.The spatfall curtain that juvenile mollusk adheres to uses the polyvinyl chloride etting after cleaning and disinfecting to make.According to the density of adhering to juvenile mollusk, determine the supply volume of spatfall curtain.Continue in cultivating the pond, to cultivate about 30 days attached to the juvenile mollusk on the spatfall curtain with above-mentioned, wherein the condition of juvenile mollusk cultivation is: 21.0～23.0 ℃ of water temperatures, adopt the method for end draining and water impact to change water, a day quantity of exchanged water is increased to 300% gradually from 100%; Day is changed water 2～3 times; Salinity is 30, pH value is 7.8, dissolved oxygen content is more than the 5mg/L, ammonia-nitrogen content is below the 0.2mg/L, intensity of illumination is 500LX, continuous charge, and bait is two kinds in Isochrysis galbana, the flat algae, the density of Isochrysis galbana of throwing something and feeding every day is 30,000 cell/ml, and the density of flat algae is 10,000 cell/ml; Treating to move into when the juvenile mollusk shell grows to 0.8～1.0mm marine the middle of extensive seed that carry out cultivates.
Embodiment 2
Select the wild Trachyostracous mussel 20Kg of Shengsi County, Zhejiang and the Mytilus galloprovincialis 10Kg that cultures in the sea area, Dalian as the parent, obtain close shellfish after, cut off byssus and the outer attachment of shell of close shellfish, after the cleaning, with the KMNO of concentration 15mg/L
4Solution dipping 10min puts into the pond with close shellfish and carried out reinforced cultivating 10 days; Wherein close shellfish hot housing condition is: the close shellfish amount of storing up is 3.0kg～4.5kg/m
2, keep 15 ℃ of water temperatures, depth of water 50cm, day is changed water 300%, and day is changed water 3 times; ((density 100,000/ml) is made bait with Zhanjiang Isochrysis galbana for density 20,000/ml) day to throw flat algae; After treating that close shellfish sexual gland reaches full maturity, close shellfish is disinfected once more, put dry ventilation dry in the shade stimulation 18h, stimulation by running water 2h, flowing water intensity 35t/h; Put into respectively and adopt ovum pond lace curtaining (making of the 60 mesh sieve thin,tough silk) hydrostatic of collecting seedling and adopt ovum, observe laying eggs and arranging smart situation of close shellfish, determine that respectively Trachyostracous mussel is close shellfish male parent, Mytilus galloprovincialis be a female parent; Respectively hydrostatic is supported 2h temporarily then, after cleaning once more, puts into concentration and be the liquor potassic permanganate dipping sterilization 10 minutes of 15mg/L, puts into then newly to adopt the lace curtaining of collecting seedling in the ovum pond (makings of 80 mesh sieve thin,tough silk) and go up hydrostatic and adopt ovum, adopt ovum density 30-40 individual/ml; Former pond embryo hatching, 16 ℃ of hatching water temperatures, embryonic development is to straight line twisting larva, embryonic hatching 86% behind the 40h; Method with 350 mesh sieve thin,tough silk drainings at the bottom of net cage is collected larva, moves in the nursery pond and carries out larval culture; The larval culture condition: water temperature is 22.0 ℃, and salinity is 25～28, and PH is 8.0～8.2, more than the dissolved oxygen 5mg/L, and below the ammonia nitrogen 0.2mg/L, illumination 800LX, continuous charge treats that young shell grows to 0.3mm and add the spatfall curtain in cultivating the pond; Water level highest order when putting into the young, open-mouthed bait be based on Isochrysis galbana, Nannochloropsis oculata, day bait throwing in secondary, day bait feeding density: 2.5 ten thousand cell/ml of Isochrysis galbana, 1.5 ten thousand cell/ml of Nannochloropsis oculata; When the long 0.15mm of young shell, bait is based on Isochrysis galbana, flat algae, Nannochloropsis oculata, day bait feeding density: 40,000 cell/ml of Isochrysis galbana, 0.3 ten thousand cell/ml of flat algae, 1.5 ten thousand cell/ml of Nannochloropsis oculata; Adopt the method for end draining and water impact to change water, and adopt 300～200 purpose bolting silks to collect the young at the bottom of cultivating the pond, day is changed water 1-2 time, and a day quantity of exchanged water increases to 100% gradually from 30%; Every 4-5d falls the pond once; Keep 22.0 ℃ of average water temperatures; Continuous charge; The next day add the antibiotic that concentration is 1mg/L～2mg/L; Larval culture density: straight line twisting larva is 25/ml, and the shell top is 15/ml the larval phase at initial stage, and shell top larval phase in mid-term is 10/ml, and shell top larval phase in later stage is 8/ml, and the eyespot larval phase is 5/ml, and the larval phase of crawling is 5/ml; During the long 0.3mm of young shell, when 50% above larva can stretch foot and creeps, in cultivating the pond, carry additionally the spatfall curtain; The spatfall curtain that juvenile mollusk adheres to uses the polyvinyl chloride etting after cleaning and disinfecting to make.According to the density of adhering to juvenile mollusk, determine the supply volume of spatfall curtain.Continue to cultivate 28 days in cultivating the pond attached to the juvenile mollusk on the spatfall curtain with above-mentioned, wherein the condition of juvenile mollusk cultivation is: 22.0 ℃ of water temperatures, and adopt the method for end draining and water impact to change water, a day quantity of exchanged water is increased to 300% gradually from 100%; Day is changed water 2～3 times; Salinity is 28, pH value is 8.0, dissolved oxygen content is more than the 5mg/L, ammonia-nitrogen content is below the 0.2mg/L, intensity of illumination is 800LX, continuous charge, and bait is two kinds in Isochrysis galbana, the flat algae, the density of Isochrysis galbana of throwing something and feeding every day is 50,000 cell/ml, and the density of flat algae is 0.8 ten thousand cell/ml; Treating to move into when the juvenile mollusk shell grows to 0.8～1.0mm marine the middle of extensive seed that carry out cultivates.
Embodiment 3
Select the wild Trachyostracous mussel 20Kg of Shengsi County, Zhejiang and the Mytilus galloprovincialis 10Kg that cultures in the sea area, Dalian as the parent, obtain close shellfish after, cut off byssus and the outer attachment of shell of close shellfish, after the cleaning, with the KMNO of concentration 20mg/L
4Solution dipping 8min puts into the pond with close shellfish and carried out reinforced cultivating 7 days; Wherein close shellfish hot housing condition is: the close shellfish amount of storing up is 3.0kg～4.5kg/m
2, keep 16 ℃ of water temperatures, depth of water 50cm, day is changed water 100%, and day is changed water 1 time; ((density 120,000/ml) is made bait with Zhanjiang Isochrysis galbana for density 10,000/ml) day to throw flat algae; After treating that close shellfish sexual gland reaches full maturity, close shellfish is disinfected once more, put dry ventilation dry in the shade stimulation 16h, stimulation by running water 3h, flowing water intensity 30t/h; Put into respectively and adopt ovum pond lace curtaining (making of the 60 mesh sieve thin,tough silk) hydrostatic of collecting seedling and adopt ovum, observe laying eggs and arranging smart situation of close shellfish, determine that respectively Trachyostracous mussel is close shellfish male parent, Mytilus galloprovincialis be a female parent; Respectively hydrostatic is supported 2h temporarily then, after cleaning once more, puts into concentration and be the liquor potassic permanganate dipping sterilization 10 minutes of 15mg/L, puts into then newly to adopt the lace curtaining of collecting seedling in the ovum pond (makings of 40 mesh sieve thin,tough silk) and go up hydrostatic and adopt ovum, adopt ovum density 40-50 individual/ml; Former pond embryo hatching, 17 ℃ of hatching water temperatures, embryonic development is to straight line twisting larva, embryonic hatching 90% behind the 35h; Method with 350 mesh sieve thin,tough silk drainings at the bottom of net cage is collected larva, moves in the nursery pond and carries out larval culture; The larval culture condition: water temperature is 23.0 ℃, and salinity is 25～28, and PH is 8.2, more than the dissolved oxygen 5mg/L, and below the ammonia nitrogen 0.2mg/L, illumination 1000LX, continuous charge treats that young shell grows to 0.3mm and add the spatfall curtain in cultivating the pond; Water level highest order when putting into the young, open-mouthed bait be based on Isochrysis galbana, day bait throwing in secondary, day bait feeding density: 30,000 cell/ml of Isochrysis galbana; When the long 0.15mm of young shell, bait is based on Isochrysis galbana, flat algae, little diatom, day bait feeding density: 50,000 cell/ml of Isochrysis galbana, 0.2 ten thousand cell/ml of flat algae, 3.0 ten thousand cell/ml of little diatom; Adopt the method for end draining and water impact to change water, and adopt 300～200 purpose bolting silks to collect the young at the bottom of cultivating the pond, day is changed water 1-2 time, and a day quantity of exchanged water increases to 100% gradually from 30%; Every 4-5d falls the pond once; Keep 22.0 ℃ of average water temperatures; Continuous charge; The next day add the antibiotic that concentration is 1mg/L～2mg/L; Larval culture density: straight line twisting larva is 30/ml, and the shell top is 20/ml the larval phase at initial stage, and shell top larval phase in mid-term is 15/ml, and shell top larval phase in later stage is 10/ml, and the eyespot larval phase is 6/ml, and the larval phase of crawling is 6/ml.During the long 0.3mm of young shell, when 50% above larva can stretch foot and creeps, in cultivating the pond, carry additionally the spatfall curtain.The spatfall curtain that juvenile mollusk adheres to uses the polyvinyl chloride etting after cleaning and disinfecting to make.According to the density of adhering to juvenile mollusk, determine the supply volume of spatfall curtain.Continue to cultivate 25 days in cultivating the pond attached to the juvenile mollusk on the spatfall curtain with above-mentioned, wherein the condition of juvenile mollusk cultivation is: 23.0 ℃ of water temperatures, and adopt the method for end draining and water impact to change water, a day quantity of exchanged water is increased to 300% gradually from 100%; Day is changed water 2～3 times; Salinity is 25, pH value is 8.2, dissolved oxygen content is more than the 5mg/L, ammonia-nitrogen content is below the 0.2mg/L, intensity of illumination is 1000LX, continuous charge, and bait is two kinds in Isochrysis galbana, the flat algae, the density of Isochrysis galbana of throwing something and feeding every day is 80,000 cell/ml, and the density of flat algae is 0.5 ten thousand cell/ml; Treating to move into when the juvenile mollusk shell grows to 0.8～1.0mm marine the middle of extensive seed that carry out cultivates.
Utilize the incubation rate of hybridization mussel that artificial raise seedling method of the present invention cultivates and Trachyostracous mussel and Mytilus galloprovincialis as shown in table 1:
Table 1 hybridization mussel and Trachyostracous mussel and Mytilus galloprovincialis hatching situation are relatively
Water temperature: 18 ℃～21 ℃
Utilize the young growth rate of hybridization mussel that artificial raise seedling method of the present invention cultivates and Trachyostracous mussel and Mytilus galloprovincialis as shown in table 2:
Table 2 hybridization mussel and Trachyostracous mussel and Mytilus galloprovincialis young growth rate are relatively
Water temperature: 18 ℃～21 ℃, unit: mm,
*: represent eyespot to occur
As can be seen from Table 2: under the same conditions, the same time Mytilus galloprovincialis and the contrast of the Trachyostracous mussel young of cultivating find that hybridization mussel larval culture stage shell early growth speed and Mytilus galloprovincialis long and that shell is high is suitable, and is lower than Trachyostracous mussel; But growth of later stage speed obviously speeds, and is higher than other two kinds of mussels, demonstrates certain growth vigor, and in addition, the period that hybridization mussel eyespot occurs is slightly more Zao than Mytilus galloprovincialis and Trachyostracous mussel, illustrates that its rate of development is very fast relatively.
Utilize the larva survive ratio of hybridization mussel that artificial raise seedling method of the present invention cultivates and Trachyostracous mussel and Mytilus galloprovincialis as shown in table 3:
The table 3 hybridization mussel young and Trachyostracous mussel and Mytilus galloprovincialis larva survive ratio are relatively
Water mixes: 18 ℃～21 ℃,
*: represent eyespot to occur
As can be seen from Table 3, the survival rate of the hybridization mussel young is apparently higher than Trachyostracous mussel, and is suitable with the survival rate of Mytilus galloprovincialis early stage at larval culture, but along with the growth of the young has the trend that is higher than Mytilus galloprovincialis.
Specific embodiment described herein only is that the present invention's spirit is illustrated; The technical staff of the technical field of the invention can make various modifications or replenishes or adopt similar mode to substitute described specific embodiment, but can't depart from spirit of the present invention or surmount the defined scope of appended claims.
Although the present invention has been made detailed explanation and has quoted some instantiations as proof, to those skilled in the art, only otherwise leave that the spirit and scope of the present invention can be done various variations or correction is obvious.
Claims (10)
1, a kind of artificial raise seedling method of hybridizing mussel, this method may further comprise the steps:
A, close shellfish hot housing: select Trachyostracous mussel and Mytilus galloprovincialis as close shellfish, after cleaning, sterilizing, put into culture pond respectively and carried out hot housing 7～15 days;
B, hasten parturition, determine close shellfish male parent and female parent: with above-mentioned through the close shellfish after the hot housing through cleaning, the sterilization back by dry in the shade stimulation 16～20 hours, carries out stimulation by running water again and hastened parturition in 1～3 hour earlier; Close shellfish that then will be to be produced is put into and adopts in the ovum pond hydrostatic and adopt ovum, according to the laying eggs and arrange smart situation of close shellfish, determines close shellfish male parent and female parent;
C, adopt ovum hatching: with above-mentioned close shellfish male parent and maternal through cleaning, putting into newly to adopt in the ovum pond after the sterilization and adopt ovum, under the condition of 15～20 ℃ of water temperatures, inflate hatching after adopting ovum, hatch and develop into straight line twisting larva after 35～45 hours, collection then;
D, larval culture: above-mentioned straight line twisting larva of collecting is put into the cultivation pond cultivate, the young is through straight line twisting larval phase, shell top larval phase at initial stage, shell top larval phase in mid-term, shell top larval phase in later stage,, the eyespot larval phase, cultivated into juvenile mollusk with the larval phase of crawling; Wherein the condition of larval culture is: water temperature 21.0-23 ℃, and day quantity of exchanged water 30%～100%; Day is changed water 1～2 time; Salinity is 25～30, and pH value is 7.8～8.2, and dissolved oxygen content is more than the 5mg/L, and ammonia-nitrogen content is below the 0.2mg/L, and intensity of illumination is 500LX～1000LX, continuous charge, and bait is one or more in Isochrysis galbana, flat algae, Nannochloropsis oculata, the little diatom; Treat that young shell grows to 0.3mm and add the spatfall curtain in cultivating the pond, make juvenile mollusk attached on the spatfall curtain;
E, juvenile mollusk are cultivated: continue to cultivate 30～50 hours in cultivating the pond attached to the juvenile mollusk on the spatfall curtain with above-mentioned, wherein the condition of juvenile mollusk cultivation is: water temperature 21.0-23 ℃, and day quantity of exchanged water 100%～300%; Day is changed water 2～3 times; Salinity is 25～30, and pH value is 7.8～8.2, and dissolved oxygen content is more than the 5mg/L, and ammonia-nitrogen content is below the 0.2mg/L, and intensity of illumination is 500LX～1000LX, continuous charge, and bait is two kinds in Isochrysis galbana, the flat algae; Treating to move into when the juvenile mollusk shell grows to 0.8～1.0mm the marine centre of carrying out cultivates.
2, the artificial raise seedling method of hybridization mussel according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the close shellfish hot housing condition described in the steps A is: the close shellfish amount of storing up is 3.0Kg～4.5Kg/m
2Keeping water temperature is 12-16 ℃, day quantity of exchanged water 100%～300%; Day is changed water 2～3 times; Bait is two kinds in Isochrysis galbana, the flat algae, and the density of the Isochrysis galbana of wherein throwing something and feeding every day is 8～120,000 cell/ml, and the density of flat algae is 1～30,000 cell/ml.
3, the artificial raise seedling method of hybridization according to claim 1 mussel is characterized in that: during stimulation by running water described in the step B flowing water intensity be 30～40 tons of water/hour.
4, the artificial raise seedling method of hybridization mussel according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the cleaning described in the step C, disinfecting process are: after close shellfish male parent after will selecting and maternal the cleaning, put into concentration and be the liquor potassic permanganate dipping sterilization 10～20 minutes of 15～25mg/L, described adopting put into 30～100 purposes lace curtaining of collecting seedling in the ovum pond, adopting ovum density is 20～40/ml.
5, according to the artificial raise seedling method of claim 1 or 4 described hybridization mussels, it is characterized in that: the collection process described in the step C is: adopt the method for 300～400 purpose bolting silk drainings at the bottom of adopting the ovum pond to collect.
6, the artificial raise seedling method of hybridization mussel according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the larval culture density described in the step D is: straight line twisting larval phase is 15～30/ml, it is 10～20/ml that shell pushes up the larval phase at initial stage, it is 8～15/ml that shell pushes up the larval phase in mid-term, it is 5～10/ml that shell pushes up the larval phase in later stage, the eyespot larval phase is 3～6/ml, and the larval phase of crawling is 3～6/ml.
7, according to claim 1 or 6 described artificial raise seedling methods of hybridizing mussels, it is characterized in that: the hydromining that changes described in the step D changes water with cultivating the method that draining and flowing water are impacted at the bottom of the pond, and adopts 200～300 purpose bolting silks to collect the young at the bottom of cultivating the pond.
8, the artificial raise seedling method of hybridization mussel according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the throw something and feed density of Isochrysis galbana is 2～50,000 cell/ml every day among the step D, the density of flat algae is 0.2～0.5 ten thousand cell/ml, the density of Nannochloropsis oculata is 1.0～3.0 ten thousand cell/ml, and the density of little diatom is one or more among 1.0～3.0 ten thousand cell/ml.
9, the artificial raise seedling method of hybridization according to claim 1 mussel is characterized in that: the water that changes described in the step e is to adopt to cultivate the method that draining at the bottom of the pond and flowing water impacts and change water.
10, according to the artificial raise seedling methods of claim 1 or 9 described hybridization mussels, it is characterized in that: the throw something and feed density of Isochrysis galbana is 3～80,000 cell/ml every day in the step e, and the density of flat algae is 0.5～10,000 cell/ml.
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