CN111316936A - Static water stripping artificial propagation method for large-scale barbel fish - Google Patents
Static water stripping artificial propagation method for large-scale barbel fish Download PDFInfo
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- CN111316936A CN111316936A CN201811525320.3A CN201811525320A CN111316936A CN 111316936 A CN111316936 A CN 111316936A CN 201811525320 A CN201811525320 A CN 201811525320A CN 111316936 A CN111316936 A CN 111316936A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/10—Culture of aquatic animals of fish
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/10—Culture of aquatic animals of fish
- A01K61/17—Hatching, e.g. incubators
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for artificially propagating a large-scale barbel fish by membrane removal in still water, which comprises the following steps: firstly, culturing parent fish; secondly, spawning induction is carried out on parent fishes; thirdly, collecting fertilized eggs; fourthly, demoulding in still water. The method selects 36 female and male parents of 6-age fish with consistent body length and weight, randomly divides the parents into 6 groups by combining the female and male parents one by one, performs experiments and observations, and researches the influence of various aspects such as water temperature, water flow, oxytocic drug dosage, feed protein, feeding rate and the like on the artificial propagation of the large-scale barbel, and then selects the optimal suitable section of each aspect for propagation and cultivation, thereby solving the problem of the propagation technology of the large-scale barbel fish, greatly improving the fecundity, fertility rate, hatchability and fry survival rate of the large-scale barbel fish, and enabling the fertility rate to reach 85 percent and the hatchability to reach over 75 percent; meanwhile, as the 'still water demoulding' technology is adopted, the roe can be subjected to one-time demoulding, the uniformity can reach 90%, and the distortion rate is reduced by more than 80% compared with the original distortion rate, so that the key technology of breeding of the large-scale barbel fish and the seedling supply problem of the large-scale barbel fish in China are well solved, and the development of fishery economy in China is promoted.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a propagation technology of foreign fishes in China, in particular to a static water stripping artificial propagation method of a large-scale barbel fish.
Background
The large-scale barbel fish is a wide-temperature fish, has various excellent characteristics, is body-building, large in individual, high in growth speed, strong in adaptability, good in clustering property, easy to domesticate and strong in disease resistance, is favored by artificial compound feed, can survive in fresh water and has strong salt and alkali tolerance; the muscle is rich in nutrition, the protein content is more than 20%, and the muscle contains 18 amino acids.
The research on the sinocyclocheilus grahami at home and abroad mainly focuses on the resource investigation aspect of the sinocyclocheilus grahami, the artificial propagation of the sinocyclocheilus grahami is still in the exploration stage, and only the research on the aspects of the demoulding and seedling cultivation of a small amount of ova exists. Under the funding of an introduction project of '948' in the department of agriculture of Heilongjiang aquatic product research in 2003, the large-scale barbel fish is introduced into research in China, through scientific experiments for over ten years, researchers in China master the biological characteristics of artificial breeding of the large-scale barbel fish, but research shows that the large-scale barbel fish is low in egg laying amount which is only one fifth of the carp, the hatching rate and the fry survival rate are not high and only reach 20% -25%, and the large-scale production of fries cannot be realized, and the market demand cannot be met. In order to solve the problem of seedling supply in Jiangsu area, the agricultural science research institute of Sumiton market in 2012 introduces the large-scale barbel fish into Jiangsu province for the first time to develop corresponding research, and carries out artificial trial propagation in 2015, thereby preliminarily knowing the embryonic development law of the large-scale barbel fish and the development characteristics of unfertilized eggs. It can be known from the above that, the artificial propagation technology of the large-scale barbel fry has a small amount of research, but up to now, a set of mature technology system has not been formed, still there are many technical problems that are difficult to solve in the aspects of parent fish cultivation, induced spawning method, fertilized egg hatching and the like, such as the problem that the first sexual maturity time of the backup parent fish is unclear, induced spawning dosage and time are inaccurate, the hatchability of the artificial propagation fry and the survival rate of the fry are lower, which puzzles the large-scale production of the large-scale barbel fry to a great extent, and can not meet the market demand, and the scientists and technicians of the national aquaculture institute of aquatic products are constantly researching and exploring the large-scale barbel artificial propagation technology suitable for the coastal hydrological climate conditions of Jiangsu. The technical problem related to the survival rate of the breeding of the large-scale barbel fish has achieved certain technical achievements, but in practical application, the technical problem which is not overcome still exists.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects and provides a static water stripping artificial propagation method for the large-scale barbel fish. The method comprises the steps of firstly researching the influence of feed protein and feeding rate on gonad development, then researching the influence of water temperature, water flow and egg laying density on fertility rate and hatching rate, and the influence on survival rate and growth of fries in different cultivation modes, finally selecting and determining optimum nutrition strengthening measures, induced spawning water temperature, induced spawning drug dosage and induced spawning time for cultivation, and adopting a still water demoulding technology, so that the fecundity, fertility rate, hatching rate and fry survival rate of large-scale barbel fish are greatly improved, the fertility rate reaches 85%, the hatching rate reaches over 75%, a large number of high-quality fries are locally provided, and the development of fishery economy in China is promoted.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problem comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the steps of firstly, breeding parent fishes, wherein autumn of each year and spring of the next year are parent fish breeding stages, feeding is mainly carried out by using concentrated feed, a 3 × 2 two-factor test is designed in 3 months, protein levels are 33%, 36% and 39%, feeding rates are 2% and 4%, the protein levels and the feeding rate levels are crossed with each other to obtain 6 kinds of feed, 36 male and female parent fishes with the same body length and weight are selected and randomly divided into 6 groups respectively, the female fishes and the male fishes are randomly combined into 6 groups one by one, the 6 kinds of feed are respectively fed in ponds by separating through a purse net, an appropriate breeding mode is selected according to observation, then water quality is adjusted to meet the requirements of 'fat, tender and refreshing' water quality, and flowing stimulation is required to be given immediately in 4 months.
Secondly, spawning induction of parent fishes: in the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze river, the best period of induced spawning is in the middle and middle ten (5) months of each year, the parent fish with better maturity is selected by pulling a net to induce spawning, different induced spawning drug dosages and induced spawning time are designed for the parent fish with different weight and sexual maturity according to the proportion of 1:1, common induced spawning drugs comprise an analogue (LRH-A2), a chorionic membrane (HCG) and a European carcass (DOM), abdominal cavity injection is generally adopted, and the injected parent fish is placed in a spawning pond to be spawned.
Thirdly, collecting fertilized eggs: when the parent fish induced spawning generally ruts and spawns for about 12 hours, once the fish chases and spawns, the net is pulled immediately to adopt the dry insemination, the fish eggs are squeezed into a dry basin and fertilized, then the fertilized eggs are weighed and counted and put into an incubation bucket, and generally 40 ten thousand eggs are put into each cubic water body.
Fourthly, still water demoulding: the fertilized eggs are generally put into the deciduation period at the water temperature of 20-22 ℃ after 72-74 hours, careful observation is needed, if individual deciduation is found, the water flow rate is increased, the deciduation time is scheduled to noon as much as possible, and the water temperature is highest at this time, so that the deciduation is facilitated. Occasionally, seedling checking is strengthened, if the increase of demoulding is found, water flow is immediately shut down, water supply is stopped, a process of 'still water demoulding' is adopted, and the time is shortened by 3-5 minutes if the water temperature is high; if the water temperature is low, the time can be prolonged by 5-10 minutes, the water flow is opened, and the flow rate can be properly increased.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: because a cultivation scheme which is optimum and high in quality in all aspects is selected, the fertility rate and the hatchability of the young barbus capito are greatly improved, the synchronous maturity of the parent fish reaches 80%, the fertility rate reaches 85%, and the hatchability reaches over 75%; meanwhile, as the 'still water demoulding' technology is adopted, the roe can be subjected to one-time demoulding, the uniformity can reach 90%, and the distortion rate is reduced by more than 80% compared with the original distortion rate, and through the research and a plurality of tests of scientific and technical personnel for several years, the key technology of breeding the large-scale barbel fish and the seedling supply problem of the large-scale barbel fish in China are well solved, the rapid development of fishery economy in China is promoted, the economic benefit is improved for fishermen breeding fisheries, the vegetable basket of people in China is enriched, and nutrition is supplemented for the health of human beings.
Detailed Description
The following examples are included to further illustrate the embodiments of the present invention:
example 1:
firstly, the cultivation of parent fish, wherein autumn every year and spring next year are parent fish cultivation stages, concentrated feed is mainly fed, the protein level is 33%, the feeding rate is 2%, the water quality is adjusted, the 'fat, tender and cool' water quality requirement is met, and running water stimulation is given immediately after 4 months.
And secondly, spawning induction of parent fishes, wherein the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze river are the best spawning induction period in the middle and middle ten days of the year, the parent fishes with better maturity are selected by pulling a net to perform spawning induction, different spawning induction medicine dosages and spawning induction time are designed for the parent fishes with different weights and sexual maturity according to the proportion of 1:1, LRH-A2, HCG and DOM are cultured commonly, abdominal cavity injection is generally adopted, and the injected parent fishes are placed in a spawning pond to be spawned.
Thirdly, collecting fertilized eggs, wherein after the spawning of the induced parent fish generally occurs for about 12 hours, once the fish finds that the parent fish pursues the spawning, the net is pulled immediately to adopt the dry insemination, the fish eggs are squeezed into a dry basin and fertilized, then the fertilized eggs are weighed and counted and put into an incubation bucket, and generally 40 ten thousand eggs are put into each cubic water body.
Fourthly, the fertilized eggs enter the deciduating period after 72 to 74 hours at the water temperature of 20 to 22 ℃ generally, careful observation is needed at the moment, if individual deciduating is found, the water flow rate is increased, the deciduating time is scheduled to noon as much as possible, and the water temperature is highest at the moment, so that the deciduating is facilitated. Occasionally, seedling checking is strengthened, if the increase of demoulding is found, water flow is immediately shut down, water supply is stopped, a 'still water demoulding' process is adopted, and the time can be shortened by 3-5 minutes if the water temperature is high; if the water temperature is low, the time can be prolonged by 5-10 minutes, the water flow is opened, and the flow rate can be properly increased.
Example 2:
firstly, the cultivation of parent fish, wherein autumn every year and spring next year are parent fish cultivation stages, concentrated feed is mainly fed, the protein level is 36%, the feeding rate is 2%, the water quality is adjusted, the 'fat, tender and cool' water quality requirement is met, and running water stimulation is given immediately after 4 months.
And secondly, spawning induction of parent fishes, wherein the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze river are the best spawning induction period in the middle and middle ten days of the year, the parent fishes with better maturity are selected by pulling a net to perform spawning induction, different spawning induction medicine dosages and spawning induction time are designed for the parent fishes with different weights and sexual maturity according to the proportion of 1:1, LRH-A2, HCG and DOM are cultured commonly, abdominal cavity injection is generally adopted, and the injected parent fishes are placed in a spawning pond to be spawned.
Thirdly, collecting fertilized eggs, wherein after the spawning of the induced parent fish generally occurs for about 12 hours, once the fish finds that the parent fish pursues the spawning, the net is pulled immediately to adopt the dry insemination, the fish eggs are squeezed into a dry basin and fertilized, then the fertilized eggs are weighed and counted and put into an incubation bucket, and generally 40 ten thousand eggs are put into each cubic water body.
Fourthly, the fertilized eggs enter the deciduating period after 72 to 74 hours at the water temperature of 20 to 22 ℃ generally, careful observation is needed at the moment, if individual deciduating is found, the water flow rate is increased, the deciduating time is scheduled to noon as much as possible, and the water temperature is highest at the moment, so that the deciduating is facilitated. Occasionally, seedling checking is strengthened, if the increase of demoulding is found, water flow is immediately shut down, water supply is stopped, a 'still water demoulding' process is adopted, and the time can be shortened by 3-5 minutes if the water temperature is high; if the water temperature is low, the time can be prolonged by 5-10 minutes, the water flow is opened, and the flow rate can be properly increased.
Example 3:
firstly, the cultivation of parent fish, wherein autumn every year and spring next year are parent fish cultivation stages, concentrated feed is mainly fed, the protein level is 39%, the feeding rate is 2%, the water quality is adjusted, the 'fat, tender and cool' water quality requirement is met, and running water stimulation is given immediately after 4 months.
And secondly, spawning induction of parent fishes, wherein the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze river are the best spawning induction period in the middle and middle ten days of the year, the parent fishes with better maturity are selected by pulling a net to perform spawning induction, different spawning induction medicine dosages and spawning induction time are designed for the parent fishes with different weights and sexual maturity according to the proportion of 1:1, LRH-A2, HCG and DOM are cultured commonly, abdominal cavity injection is generally adopted, and the injected parent fishes are placed in a spawning pond to be spawned.
Thirdly, collecting fertilized eggs, wherein after the spawning of the induced parent fish generally occurs for about 12 hours, once the fish finds that the parent fish pursues the spawning, the net is pulled immediately to adopt the dry insemination, the fish eggs are squeezed into a dry basin and fertilized, then the fertilized eggs are weighed and counted and put into an incubation bucket, and generally 40 ten thousand eggs are put into each cubic water body.
Fourthly, the fertilized eggs enter the deciduating period after 72 to 74 hours at the water temperature of 20 to 22 ℃ generally, careful observation is needed at the moment, if individual deciduating is found, the water flow rate is increased, the deciduating time is scheduled to noon as much as possible, and the water temperature is highest at the moment, so that the deciduating is facilitated. Occasionally, seedling checking is strengthened, if the increase of demoulding is found, water flow is immediately shut down, water supply is stopped, a 'still water demoulding' process is adopted, and the time can be shortened by 3-5 minutes if the water temperature is high; if the water temperature is low, the time can be prolonged by 5-10 minutes, the water flow is opened, and the flow rate can be properly increased.
Claims (1)
1. An artificial reproduction method of sinocyclocheilus grahami, namely a still water demoulding technology, is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step one, parent fish cultivation, namely, in autumn every year and spring next year, in a parent fish cultivation stage, concentrated feed feeding is mainly used, a 3 × 2 two-factor test is designed in 3 months, the protein levels are 33%, 36% and 39%, the feeding rates are 2% and 4%, the protein levels and the feeding rate levels are crossed with each other to obtain 6 kinds of feed, 36 male and female parent fish bodies with the same body length and weight are selected and randomly divided into 6 groups respectively, the female fish and the male fish are randomly combined into 6 groups one by one, the pond is separated by a purse net, 6 kinds of feed are respectively fed, an appropriate cultivation mode is selected according to observation, then water quality is adjusted to meet the requirements of 'fat, tender and cool' water quality, and running water stimulation is required to be given immediately in 4 months;
step two, spawning induction of the parent fish: in the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze river, the best period for hastening parturition is in the middle and middle ten days of the year 5, and then, the net is pulled to select the parent fish with better maturity for hastening parturition according to the proportion of 1: 1; aiming at parent fishes with different body weights and sexual maturity, different oxytocic doses and oxytocic time are designed, common oxytocic drugs comprise an analogue (LRH-A2), a chorionic membrane (HCG) and a belching carcass (DOM), intraperitoneal injection is generally adopted, and the injected parent fishes are placed in an egg laying pond for spawning;
step three, collecting fertilized eggs: when the induced spawning parent fish generally ruts and spawns for about 12 hours, once the fish chases and spawns, the net is pulled immediately to adopt 'dry insemination', fish eggs are squeezed into a dry basin and fertilized, then fertilized eggs are weighed and counted and placed into an incubation bucket, and generally 40 ten thousand eggs are placed in each cubic water body;
step four, static water demoulding: fertilized eggs enter a stripping period after 72-74 hours at the water temperature of 20-22 ℃, careful observation is carried out at the moment, if individual stripping is found, the flow velocity of water is increased, the stripping time is arranged at noon as much as possible, and the water temperature is highest at the moment, so that the stripping is facilitated; occasionally, seedling checking is strengthened, if the increase of demoulding is found, water flow is immediately shut down, water supply is stopped, a process of 'still water demoulding' is adopted, and the time is shortened by 3-5 minutes if the water temperature is high; if the water temperature is low, the time can be prolonged by 5-10 minutes, the water flow is opened, and the flow rate can be properly increased.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN112167124A (en) * | 2020-10-24 | 2021-01-05 | 武汉市农业科学院 | Method for improving hatching rate of mandarin fish fertilized eggs and uniformity of seeds |
| CN112889711A (en) * | 2021-01-15 | 2021-06-04 | 中国水产科学研究院黑龙江水产研究所 | Artificial breeding method of yellow large-scale barbel |
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Application publication date: 20200623 |