CN105210986A - A kind of raising method extending giant salamander kind salamander breeding age - Google Patents
A kind of raising method extending giant salamander kind salamander breeding age Download PDFInfo
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- CN105210986A CN105210986A CN201510622895.7A CN201510622895A CN105210986A CN 105210986 A CN105210986 A CN 105210986A CN 201510622895 A CN201510622895 A CN 201510622895A CN 105210986 A CN105210986 A CN 105210986A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New breeds of animals
- A01K67/02—Breeding vertebrates
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K63/00—Receptacles for live fish, e.g. aquaria; Terraria
- A01K63/003—Aquaria; Terraria
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of raising method and the equipment thereof that extend giant salamander kind salamander breeding age, it mainly utilizes specific culturing pool,, the middle ten days to giant salamander kind salamander upper by annual March is hastened parturition and breeds between tailend, progressively add entering the pond water yield thus forming specific stimulation by running water of macrospecies salamander culturing pool, and distinguish by the seasonality of bait feeding the gonad development, the mastery that control giant salamander kind salamander and live and body weight, to extend giant salamander kind salamander breeding age.The inventive method is used to raise giant salamander kind salamander, the breeding service life of giant salamander kind salamander can be extended, breeding was extended to 7 ~ 10 years by original 5 ~ 7 years service life, and kind of a salamander artificial propagation effect can be improved, reduce the death rate of the onset of kind of salamander, greatly improve giant salamander kind salamander value.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the breeding technology of giant salamander kind salamander, be specially a kind of raising method extending giant salamander kind salamander breeding age and the equipment used thereof.
Background technology
At present, when carrying out Giant Salamander Breeding, giant salamander kind salamander and commodity giant salamander are not treated with a certain discrimination, both raising method are without clearly distinguishing, even identical, adopt same food species, mode of throwing something and feeding and feeding volume, carry out perennial flowing water cultivation equally, and make rearing pool water temperature throughout the year without the large temperature difference; Meanwhile, giant salamander artificial propagation Chinese traditional medicine using dosage of hastening parturition constantly increases, and the hibernation habit lacked in nature bad border makes sexual gland obtain well mastery to live.Adopt this feeding manner to cultivate kind of a salamander and there is very large defect: main manifestations is too fast for increasing weight, and make kind of a salamander obesity, it is poor that sexual gland Recovery is grown, and even sexual gland is degenerated, and has a strong impact on and shortens kind of a salamander breeding age.
Summary of the invention
The invention reside in raising method and equipment thereof that a kind of giant salamander kind salamander is provided, in order to extend the breeding age of giant salamander kind salamander, improve the value of giant salamander kind salamander, reduce feeding cost.
The technical solution adopted for the present invention to solve the technical problems is:
Extend a raising method for giant salamander kind salamander breeding age, adopt following steps and method:
(1), giant salamander male and female pairing cultivation is carried out: namely put into the aquaculture model of male and female giant salamander kind salamander adjacent in two culturing pools communicating of permanent current water body respectively with fence off, each culturing pool enters draining separately;
(2), bait feeding amount: by when being less than body weight 1%(giant salamander body weight≤5kg) or the amount of 50g/ tail (during giant salamander body weight ﹥ 5kg) throw something and feed;
(3), bait feeding frequency: when water temperature 15 ~ 22 DEG C, throw something and feed once in every two days; Water temperature 7 ~ 15 DEG C, throws something and feeds once in every 3 ~ 5 days; Water temperature, lower than 7 DEG C, is thrown something and fed once in every 7 ~ 10 days;
(4), the diversity of food species: the food species of throwing something and feeding comprises the flesh of fish, live bait, shrimp crab, beef liver and other bait, and the raising of giant salamander kind salamander is focused on throwing something and feeding the comprehensive nutrition of bait, equilibrium and in right amount;
(5), different types of bait carries out intersection and throws something and feeds: namely throw something and feed and once oppress, other kind bait of next time then throwing something and feeding;
(6), hibernation period change water: annual first arrival next year in December by the end of February, is imitative natural world hibernation period, cuts off kind of a perennial draingage for salamander culturing pool in during this, change into and carry out changing water depending on pond water clean-up performance;
(7), the operation requirements that salamander hibernation period changes water is planted: after hibernation period cuts off perennial draingage, disposablely all can not change kind of a salamander culturing pool Chi Shui, and 1/3rd of pond water inventory can only be changed at every turn, every day to same cultivation pond change water operation can not more than three times.
The feature of this raising method is: its seasonality mainly through stimulation by running water, bait feeding distinguish control giant salamander kind salamander gonad development, mastery live and body weight, to extend giant salamander kind salamander breeding age, specific as follows:
A, stimulation by running water: annual March goes up, the middle ten days to giant salamander kind salamander is hastened parturition breeds between tailend, what progressively add macrospecies salamander culturing pool enters the pond water yield, be cubic meter by daily aquaculture water flow 0.1m3/12h ~ 0.1m3/6h(m3, h is hour) scope be increased to the scope of 0.1m3/6h ~ 0.1m3/2h; Meanwhile, consider the existence of individual difference, the Secondary Reference Standard of streamflow size is that the behavior with restlessness largely, climbing pool wall does not appear floating for a long time in giant salamander individuality;
The culturing pool equipment adopted for coordinating stimulation by running water and the designing requirement of inlet pipe, drain pipe thereof:
Culturing pool is top is empty square structure, and the inwall corner of culturing pool is curved, and bottom surface, pond is gradually to the inclined-plane of drainpipe lopsidedness, and inclined-plane drop is 3-5cm(centimetre); Water inlet pipe is arranged at culturing pool one side roof part, be made up of a main water inlet tube and many single pond water inlet pipes, single pond water inlet pipe is downward-sloping and perpendicular to main water inlet tube to culturing pool opposite side direction, its gradient is 5 degree--15 degree, and the distance of pond, water inlet pipe mouth of pipe side adjacent with culturing pool, single pond inwall is more than or equal to 5cm; Drainpipe (50#PVC pipe) is positioned near bottom surface, one jiao, pond, the lower position of water inlet pipe, and extending to externally drained ditch by elbow connection (be connected between drainpipe with elbow for activity, can pull out, insert) water pipe, the distance between drainpipe and adjacent pond inwall is more than or equal to 5cm.Ensure the pressure of main water inlet tube, make to form effective flowing water during the independent water inlet pipe water inlet of each pond and impact.
The seasonality of B, bait feeding is distinguished: giant salamander kind salamander particularly female salamander, within Various Seasonal period, ovary is in different developmental stages, in general, giant salamander ovary was in for II period winter, was in for III ~ IV period spring, summer is in IV ~ V, be in for VI period autumn, thus Various Seasonal giant salamander for the demand of nutriment there are differences inevitable, for improving reproduction rate spring that then giant salamander ovary III ~ IV period, IV ~ V period are corresponding, early summer is antenatal cultivation period;
The kind of throwing something and feeding of bait should be considered the seasonality supply situation of all kinds of bait and plant salamander Various Seasonal gonad development nutritional need.As crucian, grass carp seedling can be thrown something and fed the whole year as required, crucian, grass carp seedling have seasonality, and it is abundanter for season that general crucian to do the pool autumn and winter, and grass carp seedling is then abundanter in spring and summer; Loach, shrimp, beef liver were thrown something and fed in 3 ~ June, comparatively speaking, these three kinds of food nutritions are worth comparatively other kind bait and want high, and beef liver, shrimp are rich in vitamin A, astaxanthin respectively, vitamin A plays an important role to growth promoting effects and Reproductive Performance, the availability of raising body to protein, astaxanthin has strong anti-oxidation performance, strengthens immunity of organisms, so these three kinds of bait are adapted at spring corresponding to giant salamander ovary III ~ IV period, IV ~ V period, the antenatal nurturing period of early summer throws something and feeds.
beneficial effect: use the inventive method to raise giant salamander kind salamander, on the whole, the breeding service life of giant salamander kind salamander can be extended, breeding was extended to 7 ~ 10 years by original 5 ~ 7 years service life, and kind of a salamander artificial propagation effect can be improved, reduce the death rate of the onset of kind of salamander, greatly improve giant salamander kind salamander value.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the vertical view of the culturing pool of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the left side profile of the culturing pool of the present invention.
In figure: 1--culturing pool, bottom surface, 2--pond, 3--drainpipe, 4--main water inlet tube, 5--mono-pond water inlet pipe, 6--elbow, 7--valve.
Note: in figure, direction shown in arrow is the eddy current direction that flowing water is formed.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with example, the present invention will be further described.
Extend a raising method for giant salamander kind salamander breeding age, adopt following steps and method:
(1), giant salamander male and female pairing cultivation is carried out: namely put into the aquaculture model of male and female giant salamander kind salamander adjacent in two culturing pools communicating of permanent current water body respectively with fence off, each culturing pool enters draining separately;
(2), bait feeding amount: by when being less than body weight 1%(giant salamander body weight≤5kg) or the amount of 50g/ tail (during giant salamander body weight ﹥ 5kg) throw something and feed;
(3), bait feeding frequency: when water temperature 15 ~ 22 DEG C, throw something and feed once in every two days; Water temperature 7 ~ 15 DEG C, throws something and feeds once in every 3 ~ 5 days; Water temperature, lower than 7 DEG C, is thrown something and fed once in every 7 ~ 10 days;
(4), the diversity of food species: the food species of throwing something and feeding comprises the flesh of fish, live bait, shrimp crab, beef liver and other bait, and the raising of giant salamander kind salamander is focused on throwing something and feeding the comprehensive nutrition of bait, equilibrium and in right amount;
(5), different types of bait carries out intersection and throws something and feeds: namely throw something and feed and once oppress, other kind bait of next time then throwing something and feeding;
(6), hibernation period change water: annual first arrival next year in December by the end of February, is imitative natural world hibernation period, cuts off kind of a perennial draingage for salamander culturing pool in during this, change into and carry out changing water depending on pond water clean-up performance;
(7), plant the operation requirements that salamander hibernation period changes water: after hibernation period cuts off perennial draingage, disposablely all can not change and cultivate Chi Chishui, and 1/3rd of pond water inventory can only be changed at every turn, every day to same cultivation pond change water operation can not more than three times.
Relative to existing raising method, the feature of this raising method is: this raising method mainly through stimulation by running water, bait feeding seasonality distinguish control giant salamander kind salamander gonad development, mastery live and body weight, to extend giant salamander kind salamander breeding age, specific as follows:
A, stimulation by running water: annual March goes up, the middle ten days to giant salamander kind salamander is hastened parturition breeds between tailend, what progressively add macrospecies salamander culturing pool enters the pond water yield, be cubic meter by daily aquaculture water flow 0.1m3/12h ~ 0.1m3/6h(m3, h is hour) scope be increased to the scope of 0.1m3/6h ~ 0.1m3/2h; Meanwhile, consider the existence of individual difference, the Secondary Reference Standard of streamflow size is that the behavior with restlessness largely, climbing pool wall does not appear floating for a long time in giant salamander individuality.
The culturing pool adopted for coordinating stimulation by running water and the designing requirement of inlet pipe, drain pipe thereof:
Culturing pool 1 for top be empty square structure, the inwall corner of culturing pool is curved, and bottom surface, pond 2 is gradually to the inclined-plane of drainpipe 3 lopsidedness, and inclined-plane drop is 3-5cm(centimetre); Water inlet pipe is arranged at culturing pool one side roof part, be made up of a main water inlet tube 4 and many single pond water inlet pipes 5, single pond water inlet pipe is downward-sloping and perpendicular to main water inlet tube to culturing pool opposite side direction, its gradient is 5 degree--15 degree, and the distance of pond, water inlet pipe mouth of pipe side adjacent with culturing pool, single pond inwall is more than or equal to 5cm; Drainpipe (50#PVC pipe) is positioned near bottom surface, one jiao, pond, the lower position of water inlet pipe, and connected by elbow 6 and (be connected for activity between drainpipe with elbow, can pull out, insert) water pipe extends to externally drained ditch, distance between drainpipe and adjacent pond inwall is more than or equal to 5cm, and drainpipe is also provided with valve 7.
The present invention stimulates kind of salamander health both sides side line and a wart grain with this physics mode of flowing water emphatically, to meet, the male and female kind salamander shown because sex hormone level in body constantly raises its breeding period chases mutually, the habit of body friction to allow the friction of its perception flowing water, reaches the object that male and female gonad development is synchronous, improve the maturity of kind salamander sexual gland mating season; Stimulation by running water is hastened parturition in the aftereffect phase to giant salamander kind salamander simultaneously and is laid eggs, produces essence and have epochmaking effect.
In the process of practical operation, pour in culturing pool from the water of downward-sloping single pond water inlet pipe outflow is oblique, the eddy current in direction is as shown in figure 2 by the arrow formed in culturing pool, and on annual March, the middle ten days to giant salamander kind salamander hasten parturition breeding tailend between, what progressively add macrospecies salamander culturing pool enters the pond water yield, with the stimulation by running water kind salamander health both sides side line of eddy current shape and wart grain, thus reach the object that male and female gonad development is synchronous, improve the maturity of kind salamander sexual gland mating season.The pressure of main water inlet tube should be ensured in the process of operation, make to form effective flowing water during the independent water inlet pipe water inlet of each pond and impact.
The present invention is by antenatal increasing flowing water, form the type of rearing stimulated, substantially increase giant salamander kind salamander maturity of fish gonads, male and female sexual maturity synchronism, reduce the dosage of giant salamander kind salamander per weight oxytocic hormone, thus reduce the speed of the injured degree of giant salamander kind salamander sexual gland and decline; Simultaneously within giant salamander metabolism vigorous period, strengthen streamflow, ensure that cultivate water, reduce giant salamander kind salamander incidence probability.
The seasonality of B, bait feeding is distinguished: giant salamander kind salamander particularly female salamander, within Various Seasonal period, ovary is in different developmental stages, in general, giant salamander ovary was in for II period winter, was in for III ~ IV period spring, summer is in IV ~ V, be in for VI period autumn, thus Various Seasonal giant salamander for the demand of nutriment there are differences inevitable, for improving reproduction rate spring that then giant salamander ovary III ~ IV period, IV ~ V period are corresponding, early summer is antenatal cultivation period;
The kind of throwing something and feeding of bait should be considered the seasonality supply situation of all kinds of bait and plant salamander Various Seasonal gonad development nutritional need.As crucian, grass carp seedling can be thrown something and fed the whole year as required, crucian, grass carp seedling have seasonality, and it is abundanter for season that general crucian to do the pool autumn and winter, and grass carp seedling is then abundanter in spring and summer; Loach, shrimp, beef liver were thrown something and fed in 3 ~ June, comparatively speaking, these three kinds of food nutritions are worth comparatively other kind bait and want high, and beef liver, shrimp are rich in vitamin A, astaxanthin respectively, vitamin A plays an important role to growth promoting effects and Reproductive Performance, the availability of raising body to protein, astaxanthin has strong anti-oxidation performance, strengthens immunity of organisms, so these three kinds of bait are adapted at spring corresponding to giant salamander ovary III ~ IV period, IV ~ V period, the antenatal nurturing period of early summer throws something and feeds.
Raising method is distinguished with the seasonality of stimulation by running water and bait described in the present invention, facts have proved through 8 years: can guarantee giant salamander kind salamander nutritional need with balanced while, control its year rate of body weight gain lower than 15%, and build keeps good, is beneficial to carrying out of giant salamander artificial propagation work; To the Recovery of giant salamander kind salamander and antenatal cultivation, there is benefit; From technical standpoint, kind of salamander maturity of fish gonads and male and female salamander gonad maturity synchronism is improve with physical method, reduce 1/3 of the using dosage of giant salamander artificial propagation oxytocic drug per weight, the side effect that synchronously reducing hastens parturition brings, delayed the decline rate of planting salamander sexual gland; After using this raising method, giant salamander kind salamander has good physique and fertility, the female salamander of breeding spawning rate reaches more than 85%, and breed close seedling ratio (participating in breeding giant salamander kind salamander number then: output salamander seedling quantity then) and rise to 1:140 by 1:20, parent's annual death rate controls within 2% simultaneously.During concrete enforcement, the present invention, except being applicable to giant salamander kind salamander, being equally applicable to standby parent and raising cultivation.
Claims (2)
1. extend a raising method for giant salamander kind salamander breeding age, comprise the steps and method:
(1), giant salamander male and female pairing cultivation is carried out: namely put into the aquaculture model of male and female giant salamander kind salamander in two culturing pools communicating of permanent current water body respectively, the independent drainage of each culturing pool adjacent with fence off;
(2), bait feeding amount: as giant salamander body weight≤5kg, throw something and feed by the amount being less than body weight 1%, as giant salamander body weight ﹥ 5kg, throw something and feed by the amount of 50g/ tail;
(3), bait feeding frequency: when water temperature is at 15 ~ 22 DEG C, throw something and feed once in every two days; Water temperature, at 7 ~ 15 DEG C, is thrown something and fed once in every 3 ~ 5 days; Water temperature, lower than 7 DEG C, is thrown something and fed once in every 7 ~ 10 days;
(4), the diversity of food species: the food species of throwing something and feeding comprises the flesh of fish, live bait, shrimp crab, beef liver and other bait, and the raising of giant salamander kind salamander is focused on throwing something and feeding the comprehensive nutrition of bait, equilibrium and in right amount;
(5), different types of bait carries out intersection and throws something and feeds: namely throw something and feed and once oppress, other kind bait of next time then throwing something and feeding;
(6), hibernation period change water: annual first arrival next year in December by the end of February, is imitative natural world hibernation period, cuts off kind of a perennial draingage for salamander culturing pool in during this, change into and carry out changing water depending on pond water clean-up performance;
(7), plant the operation requirements that salamander hibernation period changes water: after hibernation period cuts off perennial draingage, disposablely all can not change and cultivate Chi Chishui, and 1/3rd of pond water inventory can only be changed at every turn, every day to same cultivation pond change water operation can not more than three times;
The feature of this raising method is: its seasonality mainly through stimulation by running water, bait feeding distinguish control giant salamander kind salamander gonad development, mastery live and body weight, specific as follows:
A, stimulation by running water: annual March goes up, the middle ten days to giant salamander kind salamander is hastened parturition breeds between tailend, what progressively add macrospecies salamander culturing pool enters the pond water yield, be increased to the scope of 0.1m3/6h ~ 0.1m3/2h by the scope of daily aquaculture water flow 0.1m3/12h ~ 0.1m3/6h, and the size of streamflow does not occur floating for a long time with restlessness largely, climbs based on pool wall by giant salamander individuality;
The seasonality of B, bait feeding is distinguished: crucian, grass carp seedling can be thrown something and fed the whole year as required, and loach, shrimp, beef liver were thrown something and fed in the 3 ~ June i.e. spring of correspondence, the antenatal nurturing period of early summer.
2. one kind realizes the culturing pool of the raising method extending giant salamander kind salamander breeding age described in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described culturing pool is top is empty square structure, the inwall corner of culturing pool is curved, bottom surface, pond is gradually to the inclined-plane of drainpipe lopsidedness, and inclined-plane drop is 3-5cm; The water inlet pipe supporting with culturing pool is arranged at culturing pool one side roof part, be made up of a main water inlet tube and many single pond water inlet pipes, single pond water inlet pipe is downward-sloping and perpendicular to main water inlet tube to culturing pool opposite side direction, its gradient is 5 degree--15 degree, and the distance of pond, water inlet pipe mouth of pipe side adjacent with culturing pool, single pond inwall is more than or equal to 5cm; Supporting drainpipe is positioned near bottom surface, one jiao, pond, the lower position of water inlet pipe, and extends to externally drained ditch by elbow connecting water pipe, and the distance between drainpipe and adjacent pond inwall is more than or equal to 5cm.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN110663629A (en) * | 2019-09-17 | 2020-01-10 | 谭丽朝 | Fry breeding pool |
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