CN104982358A - Salamander ecological cultivation method - Google Patents
Salamander ecological cultivation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN104982358A CN104982358A CN201510338946.3A CN201510338946A CN104982358A CN 104982358 A CN104982358 A CN 104982358A CN 201510338946 A CN201510338946 A CN 201510338946A CN 104982358 A CN104982358 A CN 104982358A
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Fodder In General (AREA)
- Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Feed For Specific Animals (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a kind of agriculture cultivation technology, particularly a salamander ecological cultivation method. The method comprises the following steps: A. cultivation pools: both a juvenile pool and a grown pool are provided with multiple caves that are made by piling bricks and stones; B. fry stocking: the temperature difference of the water in the cultivation pools and the water in transport is smaller than 5 DEG C; C. forage: the protein content of the forage is 45%-50%; D. daily management: the water quality of the cultivation pools is not polluted; the water body is transparent; the dissolved oxygen content is over 3.5mg/L, and the PH value is between 6.8-7.8; in cultivation process, the residual forage and excreta are removed timely; and the water temperature difference is no more than 5 DEG C when exchanging the water; and E. disease control: add garlicin, Wuhuang powder and vitamin in the forage for feeding for 3-4 days. According to the invention, the incidence of disease is low and the survival rate is high; also, the growth speed of the large salamander is fast.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to agricultural breeding technology, be specifically related to a kind of become the ecological cultivation method of salamander.
Background technology
Giant salamander, because its cry is as baby crying, is also commonly called as " giant salamander " in China.Giant salamander is the rare animal that a kind of economic worth is very high.Current giant salamander market price is about 600 ~ 800 yuan/jin, because giant salamander is national second class protection animal, therefore can not catch wild giant salamander; In addition because giant salamander belongs to typical amphibian, very enervated, very high to the requirement of living environment, the difficulty of therefore artificial feeding is also comparatively large, the increment of current giant salamander and utilize the focus having become aquaculture research.
The current increment means for giant salamander are mainly propagated artificially, and in the process of artificial feeding giant salamander, nursing person needs especially to take good care of it, to avoid unexpected generation as far as possible; The food of artificial feeding giant salamander is generally the feed of artificial preparation; The habit difference of this artificial cultivating method and giant salamander wild environment is comparatively large, and usually cause giant salamander survival rate low, the incidence of disease is high, and the growth rate of giant salamander is comparatively slow, and the loss of culturist is larger.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is to provide that a kind of incidence of disease is low, survival rate is high, and the one-tenth salamander ecological cultivation method of the fast growth of giant salamander.
In order to solve the problems of the technologies described above, the invention provides a kind of become the ecological cultivation method of salamander, comprise following cultivation key element:
A culturing pool: culturing pool is built in Environment peace and quiet, abundant water, water quality place that is pure and fresh, water temperature stability, and described culturing pool comprises young seedling pond, juvenile fish pond and marketable fish poud; Indoor are located in described young seedling pond, and area is 1 ~ 2 square meter, and the depth of water controls at 5 ~ 10 centimetres; The area in described juvenile fish pond is 5 ~ 10 square meters, and the depth of water controls at 10 ~ 15 centimetres; The area of described marketable fish poud is 20 ~ 40 square meters, and the depth of water controls at 15 ~ 20 centimetres; Be equipped with multiple caves of piling up with fragment of brick and stone in described juvenile fish pond and marketable fish poud, each cave is provided with into water, drainage arrangement and sewage draining exit;
B fry is put in a suitable place to breed: select physique healthy and strong, anosis without hindering, cultivating without artificial propagation fries more than 2 generations of deformity; Fry is placed in the water of 10 ~ 15 DEG C and transports, when fry enters culturing pool, the water temperature temperature difference in the water of culturing pool and transportation is less than 5 DEG C, before entering culturing pool, the saline solution of fry 1%-2% is embathed 5 ~ 10min to carry out disinfection, the breeding density of described fry is every square meter 30 ~ 100 tail;
C feed: timing in culturing pool, the feed that quantitatively input is appropriate, when summer, charging time was 20 ~ 22, winter, the protein content in described feed was 45% ~ 50% 18 ~ 20 time; Described feed is made up of formula feed and non-formula feed, the composition of described formula feed comprises fish meal, starch, soya-bean cake, wheat bran, bone meal, vitamin and mineral matter, and described non-formula feed comprises pluck, poultry, red line worm, yellow mealworm and aseptic fly-maggot;
D daily management: a. keeps that the water nonpollution of culturing pool, water body are transparent, dissolved oxygen amount 6.8 ~ 7.8, in breeding process, removes residual feed and excreta at more than 3.5mg/L, pH value in time, and when changing water, water temperature difference can not more than 5 DEG C; B. the cultivation of described fry, will carry out point pool cultivated every 3 ~ 6 months sizes by giant salamander, sizable giant salamander cultivates at a culturing pool;
E disease prevention and cure: in spring and autumn, giant salamander tail Growth season, timing sprinkles cordate houttuynia or claps broken garlic granules and prevents in giant salamander culture pond, when finding that giant salamander suffers from tail, should take following measure: a. is in time by sick salamander isolated rearing; B. with strong chlorine oil or chlorine dioxide full pool spilling head cleaning culturing pool; C. first by the saline solution cleaning of 1% of rotten for giant salamander tail place, dry water with dry towel, coat chloramphenicol ointment, admix in bait with three blooms and vitamin and throw something and feed, be used in conjunction 5 ~ 7 days.
Adopt the ecological cultivation method of the one-tenth salamander of technique scheme, arranged by the cave of culturing pool and better can realize the growth conditions that giant salamander likes cloudy backlight, simultaneously, because each cave is provided with into water, drainage arrangement and arranging of sewage draining exit can make the impurity in culturing pool be cleared up timely, do not stay corner or spot as yet untouched by a clean-up campaign, the incidence of disease is lower, high protein in addition owing to adding in feed, the particularly interpolation of the part such as mineral matter and poultry, the better Wild ecological environment having reproduced giant salamander, not only be conducive to the growth desired nutritional of supplementary giant salamander, accelerate the growth rate of giant salamander widely, more therefore improve the survival rate of giant salamander, avoid the loss of culturist.
Preferably, in key element C, some following feeds are also added in throwing something and feeding of feed: giant salamander hatching starts feeding red line worm and yellow mealworm in latter about 15 days; The injected volume of red line worm is eat up giant salamander half an hour to be as the criterion, once a day, and the red line worm of throwing something and feeding continuously 7 months; The injected volume of yellow mealworm by 1% being as the criterion of body weight of giant salamander, one month 2 times; The input of yellow mealworm is not thrown in together with bait, throws in separately; Giant salamander starts the little forage fiss of feeding, yellow mealworm and meat foam after taking off the gill; At the little forage fiss of feeding, when water temperature is more than 16 DEG C, within 2 days, throw once little forage fiss, inventory is 3% of giant salamander body weight; The injected volume of yellow mealworm by 1% being as the criterion of body weight of giant salamander, one month 2 times; The input of yellow mealworm is not thrown in together with little forage fiss, throws in separately; Meat foam salt solution herein boils with garlic, and brine strength is 1%, is that 500g meat foam adds 2g with garlic amount; During giant salamander body weight 0.1kg to 0.5kg, feeding bait is little forage fiss, yellow mealworm and meat foam; The inventory of its yellow mealworm and meat foam is 3% of giant salamander body weight; Giant salamander body weight is when 0.1kg to 0.3kg, and water temperature is more than 16 DEG C, and within 2 days, throw once little forage fiss, inventory is 3 ~ 5% of giant salamander body weight; Giant salamander body weight is when 0.3kg to 0.5kg, and winter, within 5 ~ 7 days, throw once little forage fiss, inventory was 3% of giant salamander body weight when water temperature is 5 ~ 10 DEG C; Threw once little forage fiss 3 days summers, inventory is 5% of giant salamander body weight; During giant salamander body weight 0.5kg to 1.5kg: feeding bait is little forage fiss and yellow mealworm, within 2 days, throw once little forage fiss, inventory is 3 ~ 5% of giant salamander body weight; The injected volume of yellow mealworm by 1 ~ 2% being as the criterion of body weight of giant salamander, one month 2 ~ 3 times; During giant salamander body weight 1.5kg to 2.5kg: feeding bait is little forage fiss, within 2 days, throw once little forage fiss, inventory is 3 ~ 5% of giant salamander body weight; After giant salamander body weight 2.5kg, identical when its raising method and giant salamander body weight 1.5kg to 2.5kg.This programme is in the breeding process of giant salamander, and at different vegetative stages, the growth demand of giant salamander is different, to throw something and feed as required the feed a part of red line worm, yellow mealworm, little forage fiss and meat foam, forage fiss used all comes from the wild fish of reservoir, pollution-free, few bacterium.Find through overtesting, these feeds are simultaneously with the use of contributing to very much the growth rate accelerating giant salamander.
Preferably, described in cultivation key element A, young seedling pond, juvenile fish pond and marketable fish poud inwall are smooth cement inwall, and be equipped with the water inlet and drainage arrangement that cooperatively interact, mudhole is provided with at the bottom of pond, top, pond is provided with solar protection devices, giant salamander can be avoided to climb out of escape by smooth inwall, the clean hygiene of culturing pool can be kept by water inlet, drainage arrangement and sewage draining exit, avoid giant salamander sick, can better for giant salamander provide dark environment by solar protection devices, closer to field cave environment.
Preferably, in cultivation key element C, before described feed of throwing something and feeding, described feed is carried out disinfection sterilization; Throw something and feed described feed time, need ensure that the water temperature of culturing pool is 12 ~ 25 DEG C, and keep quite, by carrying out sterilizing to feed, can well avoid the generation of tail, and quietly environment can avoid giant salamander to get a fright, and better avoids giant salamander feeding process to tell food phenomenon.
Preferably, in cultivation key element C, described yellow mealworm is raised in basement, the humidity 60 ~ 70% of basement, yellow mealworm was taken out solarization sun from basement in about 7 days, the airing time is 1 hour, the nursing of yellow mealworm just adds ginseng grass and Study on Sedum aizoon L from larval stage, due to the situation of basement and giant salamander living environment similar, therefore can take to raise together with, which save cost, in addition due to ginseng grass and the adding of Study on Sedum aizoon L, improve the medical value of yellow mealworm, and then improve premunition and the immunity of giant salamander.
Preferably, in cultivation key element E, vitamin comprises vitamin c, vitamin e and vitamin b1, better can be improved the resistance of giant salamander, avoid the generation of tail by these three kinds of vitamins.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
The one-tenth salamander ecological cultivation method of the present embodiment comprises following key element:
A culturing pool: culturing pool is built in Environment peace and quiet, abundant water, water quality place that is pure and fresh, water temperature stability, the inwall of culturing pool is smooth cement inwall, culturing pool is provided with the water inlet system and drainage system that cooperatively interact, is provided with mudhole at the bottom of culturing pool, and culturing pool top is provided with sun-shading equipment; Culturing pool comprises young seedling pond, juvenile fish pond and marketable fish poud;
Indoor are located in young seedling pond, and area is 1 square meter, and young seedling tank depth is 10 centimetres; The area in juvenile fish pond is 5 square meters, and the degree of depth in juvenile fish pond is 15 centimetres; The area of marketable fish poud is 20 square meters, and the degree of depth of marketable fish poud is 20 centimetres; Be equipped with multiple caves of piling up with fragment of brick and stone in juvenile fish pond and marketable fish poud, be convenient to that the giant salamander is hidden hides;
B fry is put in a suitable place to breed: selection physique is healthy and strong, anosis vivaciously, without artificial propagation fries more than 2 generations of deformity to be cultivated without wound, swimming; Fry is placed in the water of about 10 DEG C and transports, when fry enters culturing pool, the water temperature temperature difference in the water of culturing pool and transportation is less than 5 DEG C, before entering culturing pool by fry with 2% salt embathe 5min and carry out disinfection, the breeding density of fry is every square meter 30 tail;
C feed: timing in culturing pool, the feed that quantitatively input is appropriate, when summer, charging time was 20, winter, the protein content in feed was 45% 18 time; Feed comprises formula feed and non-formula feed, and the composition of formula feed comprises fish meal, starch, soya-bean cake, wheat bran, bone meal, vitamin and mineral matter, and non-formula feed comprises the offcuts of pluck, poultry or poultry; Throw something and feed before feed, feed carried out disinfection sterilization, throw something and feed feed time, the water temperature of culturing pool is 12 DEG C, and keeps environment quiet;
Throwing something and feeding of feed also according to the growth period of giant salamander, suitably should add some following feeds:
Giant salamander hatching starts feeding red line worm and yellow mealworm in latter about 15 days; The injected volume of red line worm is eat up giant salamander half an hour to be as the criterion, once a day, and the red line worm of throwing something and feeding continuously 7 months; The injected volume of yellow mealworm by 1% being as the criterion of body weight of giant salamander, one month 2 times; The input of yellow mealworm is not thrown in together with bait, throws in separately, and yellow mealworm application ginseng grass, Study on Sedum aizoon L are fed; Yellow mealworm feeds giant salamander, is equivalent to herbal cuisine and feeds, can significantly improve the resistance of giant salamander;
Giant salamander starts the little forage fiss of feeding, yellow mealworm and meat foam after taking off the gill, little forage fiss is the small fish of living; When water temperature is more than 10 DEG C, within 2 days, throw a small fish, inventory is 3% of giant salamander body weight; The injected volume of yellow mealworm by 1% being as the criterion of body weight of giant salamander, one month 2 times; The input of yellow mealworm is not thrown in together with small fish, throws in separately; Meat foam salt solution herein boils with garlic, and brine strength is 1%, is that 500g meat foam adds 2g with garlic amount; Mainly sterilization is played to meat foam with garlic; Both the effect of sterilization can have been played, needed for can growing for giant salamander again with salt poach;
During giant salamander body weight 0.1kg to 0.5kg, feeding bait is small fish, yellow mealworm and meat foam; The inventory of its yellow mealworm and meat foam is 3% of giant salamander body weight; Giant salamander body weight is when 0.1kg to 0.3kg, and water temperature is more than 10 DEG C, and within 2 days, throw a small fish, inventory is 3% of giant salamander body weight; Giant salamander body weight is when 0.3kg to 0.5kg, and winter, within 5 days, throw a small fish, inventory was 3% of giant salamander body weight when water temperature is 5 ~ 10 DEG C; Threw a small fish 3 days summers, inventory is 5% of giant salamander body weight;
During giant salamander body weight 0.5kg to 1.5kg: feeding bait is small fish and yellow mealworm; Within 2 days, throw a small fish, inventory is 3% of giant salamander body weight; The injected volume of yellow mealworm by 1% being as the criterion of body weight of giant salamander, one month 2 times, no longer feeding meat foam;
During giant salamander body weight 1.5kg to 2.5kg: feeding bait is small fish; Within 2 days, throw a small fish, inventory is 3% of giant salamander body weight, no longer feeding yellow mealworm;
After giant salamander body weight 2.5kg, identical when its raising method and giant salamander body weight 1.5kg to 2.5kg, now need to start to carry out sorting to giant salamander; Cultivated by original colony, change the independent cultivation after sorting into;
D daily management: a. keep the water water quality of culturing pool clearly pollution-free, water transparency is large, dissolved oxygen amount is high, pH value about 6.8, in breeding process, in time remove residual feed and excreta, when changing water, water temperature difference can not more than 5 DEG C; B. the cultivation of fry, be undertaken point pool cultivated at quarterly intervals by the size of giant salamander, sizable giant salamander cultivates at a culturing pool; C. sun-shading equipment is adopted to carry out sun-shading;
E disease prevention and cure: the common disease of giant salamander comprises tail and saprolegniasis, the treatment of tail: a. strong chlorine oil full pool spilling head; B. allicin, five yellow loose and vitamins are admixed in feed and thrown something and fed, be used in conjunction 3 days, vitamin comprises vitamin c, vitamin e and vitamin b1; C. isolated rearing, control infects;
Yellow mealworm raising method in embodiment is as follows: just need to add the green fodders such as ginseng grass, Study on Sedum aizoon L from larval stage, and within usual 3 days, feed once, feeding amount is eaten up and is as the criterion for 1 day; Yellow mealworm is raised in basement, and the humidity about 60%, 7 days of basement takes out solarization sun yellow mealworm from basement, and the airing time is 1 hour, to ensure the health of yellow mealworm.
Embodiment 2
The one-tenth salamander ecological cultivation method of the present embodiment comprises following key element:
A culturing pool: culturing pool is built in Environment peace and quiet, abundant water, water quality place that is pure and fresh, water temperature stability, the inwall of culturing pool is smooth cement inwall, culturing pool is provided with the water inlet system and drainage system that cooperatively interact, is provided with mudhole at the bottom of culturing pool, and culturing pool top is provided with sun-shading equipment; Culturing pool comprises young seedling pond, juvenile fish pond and marketable fish poud;
Indoor are located in young seedling pond, and area is 2 square meters, and young seedling tank depth is 5 centimetres; The area in juvenile fish pond is 10 square meters, and the degree of depth in juvenile fish pond is 10 centimetres; The area of marketable fish poud is 40 square meters, and the degree of depth of marketable fish poud is 10 centimetres; Be equipped with multiple caves of piling up with fragment of brick and stone in juvenile fish pond and marketable fish poud, be convenient to that the giant salamander is hidden hides;
B fry is put in a suitable place to breed: healthy and strong, the anosis nothing wound of selection physique, swimming vivaciously, without lopsided 3 generations artificial propagation fry cultivate; Fry is placed in the water of about 15 DEG C and transports, when fry enters culturing pool, the water temperature temperature difference in the water of culturing pool and transportation is less than 5 DEG C, before entering culturing pool by fry with 1% saline solution embathe 10min and carry out disinfection, the breeding density of fry is every square meter 100 tail;
C feed: timing in culturing pool, the feed that quantitatively input is appropriate, when summer, charging time was 22, winter, the protein content in feed was 50% 20 time; Feed comprises formula feed and non-formula feed, and the composition of formula feed comprises fish meal, starch, soya-bean cake, wheat bran, bone meal, vitamin and mineral matter, and non-formula feed comprises the offcuts of pluck, poultry or poultry; Throw something and feed before feed, feed carried out disinfection sterilization, throw something and feed feed time, the water temperature of culturing pool is 18 DEG C, and keeps environment quiet;
Throwing something and feeding of feed also according to the growth period of giant salamander, suitably should add some following feeds:
Giant salamander hatching starts feeding red line worm and yellow mealworm in latter about 25 days; The injected volume of red line worm is eat up giant salamander half an hour to be as the criterion, once a day, and the red line worm of throwing something and feeding continuously 5 months; The injected volume of yellow mealworm by 2% being as the criterion of body weight of giant salamander, one month 3 times; The input of yellow mealworm is not thrown in together with bait, throws in separately, and yellow mealworm application ginseng grass, Study on Sedum aizoon L are fed; Yellow mealworm feeds giant salamander, is equivalent to herbal cuisine and feeds, can significantly improve the resistance of giant salamander;
Giant salamander starts the little forage fiss of feeding, yellow mealworm and meat foam after taking off the gill, little forage fiss is the small fish of living; When water temperature is more than 10 DEG C, within 2 days, throw a small fish, inventory is 5% of giant salamander body weight; The injected volume of yellow mealworm by 2% being as the criterion of body weight of giant salamander, one month 3 times; The input of yellow mealworm is not thrown in together with small fish, throws in separately; Meat foam salt solution herein boils with garlic, and brine strength is 1%, is that 500g meat foam adds 3g with garlic amount; Mainly sterilization is played to meat foam with garlic; Both the effect of sterilization can have been played, needed for can growing for giant salamander again with salt poach;
During giant salamander body weight 0.1kg to 0.5kg, feeding bait is small fish, yellow mealworm and meat foam, and small fish is the small fish of living; The inventory of its yellow mealworm and meat foam is 3% of giant salamander body weight; Giant salamander body weight is when 0.1kg to 0.3kg, and water temperature is more than 10 DEG C, and within 2 days, throw a small fish, inventory is 5% of giant salamander body weight; Giant salamander body weight is when 0.3kg to 0.5kg, and winter, within 7 days, throw a small fish, inventory was 3% of giant salamander body weight when water temperature is 5 ~ 10 DEG C; Threw a small fish 3 days summers, inventory is 5% of giant salamander body weight;
During giant salamander body weight 0.5kg to 1.5kg: feeding bait is small fish and yellow mealworm; Within 2 days, throw a small fish, inventory is 5% of giant salamander body weight; The injected volume of yellow mealworm by 2% being as the criterion of body weight of giant salamander, one month 3 times, no longer feeding meat foam;
During giant salamander body weight 1.5kg to 2.5kg: feeding bait is small fish; Within 2 days, throw a small fish, inventory is 5% of giant salamander body weight, no longer feeding yellow mealworm;
After giant salamander body weight 2.5kg, identical when its raising method and giant salamander body weight 1.5kg to 2.5kg, now need to start to carry out sorting to giant salamander; Cultivated by original colony, change the independent cultivation after sorting into.
D daily management: a. keep the water water quality of culturing pool clearly pollution-free, water transparency is large, dissolved oxygen amount is high, pH value 7.8, in breeding process, in time remove residual feed and excreta, when changing water, water temperature difference can not more than 5 DEG C; B. the cultivation of fry, will carry out point pool cultivated every 6 months sizes by giant salamander, sizable giant salamander cultivates at a culturing pool; C. sun-shading equipment is adopted to carry out sun-shading;
E disease prevention and cure: the common disease of giant salamander comprises tail and saprolegniasis, the treatment of tail: a. chlorine dioxide full pool spilling head; B. allicin, five yellow loose and vitamins are admixed in feed and thrown something and fed, be used in conjunction 4 days, vitamin comprises vitamin c, vitamin e and vitamin b1; C. isolated rearing, control infects.
Yellow mealworm raising method in embodiment is as follows: just need to add the green fodders such as ginseng grass, Study on Sedum aizoon L from larval stage, and within usual 5 days, feed once, feeding amount is eaten up and is as the criterion for 1 day; Yellow mealworm is raised in basement, and the humidity about 70%, 7 days of basement takes out solarization sun yellow mealworm from basement, and the airing time is 1 hour, to ensure the health of yellow mealworm.
Embodiment 3
The one-tenth salamander ecological cultivation method of the present embodiment comprises following key element:
A culturing pool: culturing pool is built in Environment peace and quiet, abundant water, water quality place that is pure and fresh, water temperature stability, the inwall of culturing pool is smooth cement inwall, culturing pool is provided with the water inlet system and drainage system that cooperatively interact, is provided with mudhole at the bottom of culturing pool, and culturing pool top is provided with sun-shading equipment; Culturing pool comprises young seedling pond, juvenile fish pond and marketable fish poud;
Indoor are located in young seedling pond, and area is 1.5 square meters, and young seedling tank depth is 8 centimetres; The area in juvenile fish pond is 8 square meters, and the degree of depth in juvenile fish pond is 13 centimetres; The area of marketable fish poud is 35 square meters, and the degree of depth of marketable fish poud is 17 centimetres; Be equipped with multiple caves of piling up with fragment of brick and stone in juvenile fish pond and marketable fish poud, be convenient to that the giant salamander is hidden hides;
B fry is put in a suitable place to breed: healthy and strong, the anosis nothing wound of selection physique, swimming vivaciously, without lopsided 3 generations artificial propagation fry cultivate; Fry is placed in the water of about 12 DEG C and transports, when fry enters culturing pool, the water temperature temperature difference in the water of culturing pool and transportation is less than 5 DEG C, before entering culturing pool by fry with 1.5% saline solution embathe 8min and carry out disinfection, the breeding density of fry is every square meter 65 tail;
C feed: timing in culturing pool, the feed that quantitatively input is appropriate, when summer, charging time was 21, winter, the protein content in feed was 54% 19 time; Feed comprises formula feed and non-formula feed, and the composition of formula feed comprises fish meal, starch, soya-bean cake, wheat bran, bone meal, vitamin and mineral matter, and non-formula feed comprises the offcuts of pluck, poultry or poultry; Throw something and feed before feed, feed carried out disinfection sterilization, throw something and feed feed time, the water temperature of culturing pool is 25 DEG C, and keeps environment quiet;
Throwing something and feeding of feed also according to the growth period of giant salamander, suitably should add some following feeds:
Giant salamander hatching starts feeding red line worm and yellow mealworm in latter about 18 days; The injected volume of red line worm is eat up giant salamander half an hour to be as the criterion, once a day, and the red line worm of throwing something and feeding continuously 6 months; The injected volume of yellow mealworm by 1.5% being as the criterion of body weight of giant salamander, one month 3 times; The input of yellow mealworm is not thrown in together with bait, throws in separately, and yellow mealworm application ginseng grass, Study on Sedum aizoon L are fed; Yellow mealworm feeds giant salamander, is equivalent to herbal cuisine and feeds, can significantly improve the resistance of giant salamander;
Giant salamander starts the little forage fiss of feeding, yellow mealworm and meat foam after taking off the gill, little forage fiss is the small fish of living; When water temperature is more than 10 DEG C, within 2 days, throw a small fish, inventory is 4% of giant salamander body weight; The injected volume of yellow mealworm by 1.5% being as the criterion of body weight of giant salamander, one month 3 times; The input of yellow mealworm is not thrown in together with small fish, throws in separately; Meat foam salt solution herein boils with garlic, and brine strength is 1%, is that 500g meat foam adds 3g with garlic amount; Mainly sterilization is played to meat foam with garlic; Both the effect of sterilization can have been played, needed for can growing for giant salamander again with salt poach;
During giant salamander body weight 0.1kg to 0.5kg, feeding bait is small fish, yellow mealworm and meat foam; The inventory of its yellow mealworm and meat foam is 3% of giant salamander body weight; Giant salamander body weight is when 0.1kg to 0.3kg, and water temperature is more than 10 DEG C, and within 2 days, throw a small fish, inventory is 4% of giant salamander body weight; Giant salamander body weight is when 0.3kg to 0.5kg, and winter, within 6 days, throw a small fish, inventory was 3% of giant salamander body weight when water temperature is 5 ~ 10 DEG C; Threw a small fish 3 days summers, inventory is 5% of giant salamander body weight; Small fish is the small fish of living;
During giant salamander body weight 0.5kg to 1.5kg: feeding bait is small fish and yellow mealworm; Within 2 days, throw a small fish, inventory is 4% of giant salamander body weight; The injected volume of yellow mealworm by 2% being as the criterion of body weight of giant salamander, one month 3 times, no longer feeding meat foam;
During giant salamander body weight 1.5kg to 2.5kg: feeding bait is small fish; Within 2 days, throw a small fish, inventory is 5% of giant salamander body weight, no longer feeding yellow mealworm;
After giant salamander body weight 2.5kg, identical when its raising method and giant salamander body weight 1.5kg to 2.5kg, now need to start to carry out sorting to giant salamander; Cultivated by original colony, change the independent cultivation after sorting into.
D daily management: a. keep the water water quality of culturing pool clearly pollution-free, water transparency is large, dissolved oxygen amount is high, pH value 7.0, in breeding process, in time remove residual feed and excreta, when changing water, water temperature difference can not more than 5 DEG C; B. the cultivation of fry, will carry out point pool cultivated every 5 months sizes by giant salamander, sizable giant salamander cultivates at a culturing pool; C. sun-shading equipment is adopted to carry out sun-shading;
E disease prevention and cure: in spring and autumn, giant salamander tail Growth season, timing sprinkles cordate houttuynia or claps broken garlic granules in giant salamander culture pond, and the common disease of giant salamander comprises tail and saprolegniasis, the treatment of tail: a. chlorine dioxide full pool spilling head; B. allicin, five yellow loose and vitamins are admixed in feed and thrown something and fed, be used in conjunction 3 days, vitamin comprises vitamin c, vitamin e and vitamin b1; C. isolated rearing, control infects.
Yellow mealworm raising method in embodiment is as follows: just need to add the green fodders such as ginseng grass, Study on Sedum aizoon L from larval stage, and within usual 5 days, feed once, feeding amount is eaten up and is as the criterion for 1 day; Yellow mealworm is raised in basement, and the humidity about 65%, 7 days of basement takes out solarization sun yellow mealworm from basement, and the airing time is 1 hour, to ensure the health of yellow mealworm.
Comparative trial:
One, test material and test method are selected
This test is healthy and strong, the anosis nothing wound of physique with fish, swims vivaciously, without 3 generations artificial propagation fry totally 60 tails lopsided, the age is identical, specification is suitable, is divided into four groups, is respectively A, B, C, D, often organize 15 tails.Wherein A, B, C three components does not adopt the method for the present embodiment 1, embodiment 2, embodiment 3 to cultivate, and D group adopts the method cultivation of conventional artificial formula feed.
Two, result
1. the long growth rate contrast of body
The time of this test is on August 6 ,-2013 years on the 6th May in 2013, passable by the long comparative trial of the body of upper table, obviously finding out, adopting the long growth rate of giant salamander body of the cultural method of the embodiment of the present invention 1, embodiment 2 and embodiment 3 and increment obviously faster than adopting conventional cultural method.
2. body weight gain velocity contrast
The test period of this test is on August 6 ,-2013 years on the 6th May in 2013, passable by the long comparative trial of the body of upper table, obviously finding out, adopting the heavy growth rate of the giant salamander of the cultural method of the embodiment of the present invention 1, embodiment 2 and embodiment 3 and increment obviously faster than adopting conventional cultural method.
3. ill contrast
The test period of this test is on August 6 ,-2013 years on the 6th May in 2013, passable by the long comparative trial of the body of upper table, obviously find out, adopt the giant salamander of the cultural method of the embodiment of the present invention 1, embodiment 2 and embodiment 3 cultivation all can grow up healthy and sound, and adopt in conventional cultural method, occurred that 1 tail suffers from tail, 2 tails are swum unable situation.
Above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention; should be understood that; for a person skilled in the art; under the prerequisite not departing from composition and engineering of the present invention; some distortion and improvement can also be made; these also should be considered as protection scope of the present invention, and these all can not affect effect of the invention process and practical applicability.
Claims (6)
1. become an ecological cultivation method for salamander, it is characterized in that, comprise following cultivation key element:
A culturing pool: culturing pool is built in Environment peace and quiet, abundant water, water quality place that is pure and fresh, water temperature stability, and described culturing pool comprises young seedling pond, juvenile fish pond and marketable fish poud; Indoor are located in described young seedling pond, and area is 1 ~ 2 square meter, and the depth of water controls at 5 ~ 10 centimetres; The area in described juvenile fish pond is 5 ~ 10 square meters, and the depth of water controls at 10 ~ 15 centimetres; The area of described marketable fish poud is 20 ~ 40 square meters, and the depth of water controls at 15 ~ 20 centimetres; Be equipped with multiple caves of piling up with fragment of brick and stone in described juvenile fish pond and marketable fish poud, each cave is provided with into water, drainage arrangement and sewage draining exit;
B fry is put in a suitable place to breed: select physique healthy and strong, anosis without hindering, cultivating without artificial propagation fries more than 2 generations of deformity; Fry is placed in the water of 10 ~ 15 DEG C and transports, when fry enters culturing pool, the water temperature temperature difference in the water of culturing pool and transportation is less than 5 DEG C, before entering culturing pool, the saline solution of fry 1%-2% is embathed 5 ~ 10min to carry out disinfection, the breeding density of described fry is every square meter 30 ~ 100 tail;
C feed: timing in culturing pool, the feed that quantitatively input is appropriate, when summer, charging time was 20 ~ 22, winter, the protein content in described feed was 45% ~ 50% 18 ~ 20 time; Described feed is made up of formula feed and non-formula feed, the composition of described formula feed comprises fish meal, starch, soya-bean cake, wheat bran, bone meal, vitamin and mineral matter, and described non-formula feed comprises pluck, poultry, red line worm, yellow mealworm and aseptic fly-maggot;
D daily management: a. keeps that the water nonpollution of culturing pool, water body are transparent, dissolved oxygen amount 6.8 ~ 7.8, in breeding process, removes residual feed and excreta at more than 3.5mg/L, pH value, and when changing water, water temperature difference can not more than 5 DEG C; B. the cultivation of described fry, will carry out point pool cultivated every 3 ~ 6 months sizes by giant salamander, sizable giant salamander cultivates at a culturing pool;
E disease prevention and cure: in spring and autumn, giant salamander tail Growth season, sprinkles cordate houttuynia or claps broken garlic granules in giant salamander culture pond; When finding that giant salamander suffers from tail, following measure should be taked: a. is in time by sick salamander isolated rearing; B. with strong chlorine oil or chlorine dioxide full pool spilling head cleaning culturing pool; C. first by the saline solution cleaning of 1% of rotten for giant salamander tail place, dry water with dry towel, coat chloramphenicol ointment, admix in bait with three blooms and vitamin and throw something and feed, be used in conjunction 5 ~ 7 days.
2. the ecological cultivation method of one-tenth salamander as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, in key element C, some following feeds are also added in throwing something and feeding of feed:
Giant salamander hatching starts feeding red line worm and aseptic fly-maggot in latter about 15 days; The injected volume of red line worm is eat up giant salamander half an hour to be as the criterion, once a day, and the red line worm of throwing something and feeding continuously 5 ~ 7 months; The injected volume of aseptic fly-maggot by 1% ~ 2% being as the criterion of body weight of giant salamander, one month 2 ~ 3 times; The input of aseptic fly-maggot is not thrown in together with bait, throws in separately;
Giant salamander starts the little forage fiss of feeding, yellow mealworm, aseptic fly-maggot and meat foam after taking off the gill; When water temperature is more than 16 DEG C, within 2 days, throw once little forage fiss, inventory is 3% ~ 5% of giant salamander body weight; The injected volume of yellow mealworm by 1% ~ 2% being as the criterion of body weight of giant salamander, one month 2 times; The input of yellow mealworm is not thrown in together with little forage fiss, throws in separately; Described meat foam salt solution boils with garlic, and brine strength is 1%, is that 500g meat foam adds 2g ~ 3g with garlic amount;
During giant salamander body weight 0.1kg to 0.5kg, feeding bait is little forage fiss, yellow mealworm and meat foam; The inventory of its yellow mealworm and meat foam is 3% of giant salamander body weight; Giant salamander body weight is when 0.1kg to 0.3kg, and water temperature is more than 10 DEG C, and within 2 days, throw once little forage fiss, inventory is 3 ~ 5% of giant salamander body weight; Giant salamander body weight is when 0.3kg to 0.5kg, and winter, within 5 ~ 7 days, throw once little forage fiss, inventory was 3% of giant salamander body weight when water temperature is 5 ~ 10 DEG C; Threw once little forage fiss 3 days summers, inventory is 5% of giant salamander body weight;
During giant salamander body weight 0.5kg to 1.5kg: feeding bait is little forage fiss and yellow mealworm, within 2 days, throw once little forage fiss, inventory is 3 ~ 5% of giant salamander body weight; The injected volume of yellow mealworm by 1 ~ 2% being as the criterion of body weight of giant salamander, one month 2 ~ 3 times;
During giant salamander body weight 1.5kg to 2.5kg: feeding bait is little forage fiss, within 2 days, throw once little forage fiss, inventory is 3 ~ 5% of giant salamander body weight;
After giant salamander body weight 2.5kg, identical when its raising method and giant salamander body weight 1.5kg to 2.5kg.
3. the ecological cultivation method of one-tenth salamander as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: described in cultivation key element A, young seedling pond, juvenile fish pond and marketable fish poud inwall are smooth cement inwall, and being equipped with the water inlet and drainage arrangement that cooperatively interact, be provided with mudhole at the bottom of pond, top, pond is provided with solar protection devices.
4. the ecological cultivation method of the one-tenth salamander as described in any one of claims 1 to 3, is characterized in that: in cultivation key element C, before described feed of throwing something and feeding, to carry out disinfection sterilization to described feed; Throw something and feed described feed time, need ensure that the water temperature of culturing pool is 12 ~ 25 DEG C, and keep quite.
5. the ecological cultivation method of one-tenth salamander as claimed in claim 4, it is characterized in that: in cultivation key element C, described yellow mealworm is raised in basement, the humidity 60 ~ 70% of basement, yellow mealworm was taken out solarization sun from basement in about 7 days, the airing time is 1 hour, and the nursing of yellow mealworm just adds ginseng grass and Study on Sedum aizoon L from larval stage.
6. the ecological cultivation method of the one-tenth salamander as described in any one of claims 1 to 3, is characterized in that: in cultivation key element E, vitamin comprises vitamin c, vitamin e and vitamin b1.
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| CN105830970A (en) * | 2016-03-30 | 2016-08-10 | 山东省淡水渔业研究院 | Giant salamander breeding method considering imitative ecological reproduction and artificial reproduction |
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