CN108901949B - Artificial propagation and fry breeding method for weever - Google Patents
Artificial propagation and fry breeding method for weever Download PDFInfo
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- CN108901949B CN108901949B CN201810764021.9A CN201810764021A CN108901949B CN 108901949 B CN108901949 B CN 108901949B CN 201810764021 A CN201810764021 A CN 201810764021A CN 108901949 B CN108901949 B CN 108901949B
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- 238000006213 oxygenation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 210000000006 pectoral fin Anatomy 0.000 claims description 3
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- 229940063650 terramycin Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/10—Culture of aquatic animals of fish
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/10—Culture of aquatic animals of fish
- A01K61/13—Prevention or treatment of fish diseases
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Feed For Specific Animals (AREA)
- Fodder In General (AREA)
Abstract
An artificial propagation and fry rearing method for weever, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: artificial propagation: (1) selecting parent fish, (2) culturing parent fish, (3) preparing a spawning pond, (4) selecting mature parent fish, (5) artificially hastening parturition, and (6) incubating; (II) seedling cultivation: (1) fry collection, (2) feeding, (3) cultivation management, (4) screening pond, and (5) disease prevention and treatment; the invention provides an artificial propagation and fry breeding method for weever, which solves the defects of complex operation, slow growth speed, low survival rate and the like of the conventional artificial propagation and fry breeding method for weever.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of aquaculture, in particular to an artificial propagation and fry breeding method for weever.
Background
The Micropterus salmoides are wide-temperature carnivorous rare fresh water fishes, have the advantages of large individuals, quick growth, strong adaptability, less diseases, easy capture, delicious meat taste and the like, can be singly cultured and can be mixedly cultured with other family fishes, the Micropterus salmoides like to inhabit in sandy or sandy muddy slow-flow static water with low turbidity, are one of important economic fishes for developing pond culture, and the defects of complicated operation, low growth speed, low survival rate and the like of the current artificial culture method and fry culture method of the Micropterus salmoides are overcome.
Disclosure of Invention
Technical problem to be solved
The invention provides an artificial propagation and fry breeding method for weever, which solves the defects of complex operation, slow growth speed, low survival rate and the like of the conventional artificial propagation and fry breeding method for weever.
(II) the adopted technical scheme
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme: 1. an artificial propagation and fry rearing method for weever, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(I) Artificial reproduction
(1) Selecting parent fishes: selecting the parent fish, wherein the selected parent fish is immediately placed into a parent fish pond for prenatal culture after the parent fish is selected;
(2) parent fish culture, namely feeding the parent fish with feed every day, removing residual bait in time a small amount of times every day, changing water in time, and opening an air pump to increase oxygen in time; the parent fish feed is mainly expanded compound pellet feed for micropterus salmoides, and the protein content is more than 42%;
(3) preparing a spawning pond: the spawning pond is a rectangular cement pond with the length of 10m, the width of 4m and the height of 1.2m, is dark, is convenient to water inlet and discharge, and is provided with oxygen charging equipment; after the spawning pond is selected, the spawning pond is washed clean by clean water, and clean water is injected; the California perch eggs are extremely strong in viscosity, the ovaries are made by fixing palm pieces on a special iron stent mesh, two palm pieces are laid on one iron stent mesh, the quality of the palm pieces is good and large enough, and the back surfaces of the palm pieces are fixed for half a week by using thick iron wires; preparing 1 iron bracket net sheet for every 2 parent fishes; adding 70cm-80cm liters of clear water after the ovary is finished;
(4) selecting mature parent fish: selecting male fish with rough abdomen, enlarged abdomen and capable of squeezing milky semen, and selecting female fish with smooth abdomen, ruddy genital pore and enlarged abdomen; the ratio of male to female is 1: 1;
(5) artificial hastening parturition: the injection medicine is luteinizing releasing hormone analogue LRH-A2, diutanone maleate (DOM) and chorionic gonadotropin (HCG), and 3 kinds of medicines are mixed and injected; the injection dose is as follows: LRH-A of 4g/kg parent fish body weight2+2mg/kg of DOM of parent fish weight +800Iu/kg of HCG of parent fish weight; female fish is injected into abdominal cavity of pectoral fin for 1 time, and the injection dosage of male fish is reduced by half; the spawning induction time is selected from 4 months to 5 months;
(6) hatching: generally controlling the water temperature to be 20-24 ℃, starting spawning within about 72 hours, immediately fishing out the iron support with the palm sheets once the spawning is found, removing the palm sheets, hanging the palm sheets on hooks of a wood frame in an incubation pool, and splashing compound iodine solution diluent to prevent saprolegniasis; putting 10-15 oxygen heads into the hatching pond for oxygenation, keeping the oxygen sufficient, controlling the water temperature at 27-29 ℃, demoulding after about 56 hours, and changing the yolk sacs into flat-swimming fries after 3 days, wherein the fries begin to eat;
the hatching pond is a cement pond with the length of 20 meters, the width of 2 meters and the depth of 60 centimeters, a strip frame with a hook is made of a rectangular strip with the width of 5-7 centimeters, the strip frame is placed in the hatching pond, and the strip frame is added with water and floats on the water surface;
(II) fry rearing
(1) And (3) seed collection: collecting the fish fries which are eaten after opening into a cylindrical white plastic bucket with the diameter of 90cm and the height of 80cm, carrying out centralized micro-flow water circulation culture, wherein the water depth is 65 cm, the bottom of the plastic bucket is provided with a water outlet, a layer of 60-mesh iron round net sheet is covered on the water outlet, the net sheets are adhered by glass cement, and 4-5 thousands of fish fries are put into each bucket;
(2) feeding: feeding about 70g of the hatched brine shrimps for 2-3 times every day, wherein 5 ten thousand of the brine shrimps are fed each time; continuously feeding the brine shrimps to weever fries about 1.5 cm for transferring and culturing, namely converting live baits into artificial mixed pellet feed, mixing the brine shrimps and the artificial mixed pellet feed step by step one week before transferring the live baits, reducing 1/5 of initial feeding amount on average every day, reducing the feeding amount of the brine shrimps to 0 on the 6 th day, and after starvation treatment for 24 hours, completely feeding the crushed Dabeinong California weever puffed pellet feed with the protein content of 48 percent; feeding should be timed, fixed point, quantitative;
(3) cultivation management: cleaning 1 time every 1-2 days, during cleaning, manufacturing a simple white plastic plate with the length of 14cm and the width of 10cm, thinning 2cm inwards on one side surface to form a section similar to a knife edge, connecting the white plastic plate to a long handle with the length of 90cm for convenient use, slightly pushing bait scraps deposited at the bottom of a cylindrical white plastic barrel to the center of the barrel bottom from the edge of the barrel bottom by using the white plastic plate, and then sucking the bait scraps by using a hose with the diameter of 1cm by using a siphon principle;
(4) and (3) sieving a pond: after the fry is converted into the artificial compound pellet feed, classifying obviously larger individual weever fries in time, transferring the larger individual weever fries into another cylindrical white plastic barrel with the same size for independent cultivation, transferring all the weever fries into a cement pond with the length of 20 m, the width of 2m and the depth of 60 cm for circulating feeding by groundwater micro-flowing water when most of the fry bodies are more than 2cm, feeding 3-4 times a day and 5-10% of daily bait feeding amount; changing 1/4 water every 2 days, and sucking dirt once in the feeding area by using a hose with the diameter of 3-4cm every 2 days; until the fry is 4-5cm, the fry can pass through a screening pond and is put into an earth pond for stocking;
(5) disease prevention and treatment: in 5 months, the water temperature rises, and the garlicin and the vitamin C feed additive are added once a week to mix with feed and feed to prevent diseases, such as ichthyophthiriasis and maturity diseases, common diseases of micropterus salmoides;
the defect that the ichthyophthiriasis is not high-temperature-resistant is mostly adopted for treating the ichthyophthiriasis, the water temperature is increased to 27-29 ℃, and after 24 hours, 0.1-0.2 ppm of mercuric nitrate solution is prepared for splashing, 2 times a day, and the ichthyophthiriasis can be cured in 2-3 days;
treating mature body diseases of micropterus salmoides, preparing 40ppm formaldehyde solution for splashing, completely changing water after 12h, feeding 3 terramycin with 40 jin of feed for 2 times in 1 day after changing water, wherein the feeding amount is 1/2 fed in the pond by sieving every day, and the disease can be cured in 2-3 days.
(III) advantageous effects
The invention provides an artificial propagation and fry breeding method for weever, which has the following beneficial effects:
the method has reasonable artificial culture and scientific seedling culture, provides a better growth environment for the micropterus salmoides, avoids the occurrence of plant diseases and insect pests, obviously increases the growth speed and the immunity of the micropterus salmoides, and improves the yield and the survival rate of the micropterus salmoides.
Detailed Description
All of the features disclosed in this specification, or all of the steps in any method or process so disclosed, may be combined in any combination, except combinations of features and/or steps that are mutually exclusive.
Any feature disclosed in this specification (including any accompanying claims, abstract) may be replaced by alternative features serving equivalent or similar purposes, unless expressly stated otherwise. That is, unless expressly stated otherwise, each feature is only an example of a generic series of equivalent or similar features.
Example (b):
an artificial propagation and fry rearing method for weever, which comprises the following steps:
(I) Artificial reproduction
(1) Selecting parent fishes: selecting the parent fish, wherein the selected parent fish is immediately placed into a parent fish pond for prenatal culture after the parent fish is selected;
(2) parent fish culture, namely feeding the parent fish with feed every day, removing residual bait in time a small amount of times every day, changing water in time, and opening an air pump to increase oxygen in time; the parent fish feed is mainly expanded compound pellet feed for micropterus salmoides, and the protein content is more than 42%;
(3) preparing a spawning pond: the spawning pond is a rectangular cement pond with the length of 10m, the width of 4m and the height of 1.2m, is dark, is convenient to water inlet and discharge, and is provided with oxygen charging equipment; after the spawning pond is selected, the spawning pond is washed clean by clean water, and clean water is injected; the California perch eggs are extremely strong in viscosity, the ovaries are made by fixing palm pieces on a special iron stent mesh, two palm pieces can be laid on one iron stent mesh, the palm pieces are good in quality and large enough, and the back faces of the palm pieces are fixed for half a week by using thick iron wires; preparing 1 iron bracket net sheet for every 2 parent fishes; adding clear water of 70-80 cm after the ovary is finished;
(4) selecting mature parent fish: selecting male fish with rough abdomen, enlarged abdomen and capable of squeezing milky semen, and selecting female fish with smooth abdomen, ruddy genital pore and enlarged abdomen; the ratio of male to female is 1: 1;
(5) artificial hastening parturition: the injection is luteinizing releasing hormone analog (LRH-A)2) Diutanone maleate (DOM) and chorionic gonadotropin (HCG), 3 drugs are mixed and injected; the injection dose is as follows: 4g/kg of LRH-A2+2mg/kg DOM +800IU/kg HCG; female fish is injected into abdominal cavity of pectoral fin for 1 time, and the injection dosage of male fish is reduced by half; the spawning induction time is selected from 4 months to 5 months;
(6) hatching: generally controlling the water temperature to be 20-24 ℃, starting spawning within about 72 hours, immediately fishing out the iron support with the palm sheets once the spawning is found, removing the palm sheets, hanging the palm sheets on hooks of a wood frame in an incubation pool, and splashing compound iodine solution diluent to prevent saprolegniasis; and (3) putting 10-15 oxygen heads into the hatching pond for oxygenation, keeping sufficient oxygen and controlling the water temperature to be 27-29 ℃. The membrane can be removed after about 56 hours, the yolk sacs are completely absorbed after 3 days, the yolk sacs become the fries capable of flatly swimming, and the fries begin to eat;
the hatching pond is a cement pond with the length of 20 meters, the width of 2 meters and the depth of 60 centimeters, a strip frame with a hook is made of a rectangular strip with the width of 5-7 centimeters, the strip frame is placed in the hatching pond, and the strip frame is added with water and floats on the water surface;
(II) fry rearing
(1) Collecting: collecting the fish fries which are eaten by opening into a cylindrical white plastic bucket with the diameter of 90cm and the height of 80cm, carrying out centralized micro-flow water circulation culture, wherein the water depth is 65 cm, the bottom of the plastic bucket is provided with a water outlet, a layer of 60-mesh iron round net sheet is covered on the water outlet, the net sheet is adhered by glass cement, and 4-5 thousands of fish fries are thrown into each bucket;
(2) feeding: feeding about 70g of resting eggs of the shrimps every 5 ten thousand days 2-3 times as bait for the hatched shrimps living bodies; continuously feeding the brine shrimp to weever fries about 1.5 cm for transferring cultivation, namely converting live baits into artificial compound pellet feed, mixing the brine shrimp and the pellet feed for feeding step by step one week before transferring, averagely reducing 1/5 of initial feeding amount every day, reducing the feeding amount of the brine shrimp to 0 on the 6 th day, and after starvation treatment for 24 hours, completely feeding the crushed expanded pellet feed of the northern agricultural weever, namely the protein content is 48%; feeding should be timed, fixed point, quantitative;
(3) cultivation management: 1-2 days, 1 time of decontamination, manufacturing a simple white plastic plate with the length of 14cm and the width of 10cm, thinning one side of the white plastic plate with the length of 2cm inwards to form a section similar to a knife edge, connecting the white plastic plate to a long handle with the length of 90cm for use, slightly pushing bait scraps and the like deposited at the bottom of a cylinder to the center of the bottom of the cylinder from the edge of the bottom of the cylinder by using the device, and then sucking the bait scraps out by using a hose with the diameter of 1cm by using a siphon principle;
(4) and (3) sieving a pond: after the fry is converted into the artificial compound feed, obviously larger individual perch fry is graded in time, and the larger individual perch fry is transferred into another columnar white plastic barrel with the same size for independent cultivation. When most fry bodies are more than 2cm long, all the weever fries are transferred to a cement pool with the length of 20 meters, the width of 2 meters and the depth of 60 centimeters for underground water micro-flow water circulation breeding. 3-4 times of daily bait throwing, wherein the daily bait throwing amount is 5-10 percent; changing 1/4 water every 2 days, and sucking dirt once in the feeding area by using a hose with the diameter of 3-4cm every 2 days; until the fry is 4-5cm, the fry can pass through a screening pond and is put into an earth pond for stocking;
(5) disease prevention and treatment: in the 5 months, the water temperature rises, and the garlicin and the vitamin C feed additive are added once a week to mix and feed to prevent the occurrence of diseases, such as ichthyophthiriasis, maturity diseases and the like, which are common diseases of micropterus salmoides;
the defect that the ichthyophthiriasis is treated mostly by adopting the defect that the ichthyophthiriasis is not high-temperature-resistant, the water temperature is increased to 27-29 ℃, and after 24 hours, mercury nitrate solution with the concentration of one part per million to two parts per million (0.1-0.2 ppm) is prepared for splashing, 2 times a day, and the ichthyophthiriasis can be cured in 2-3 days;
treating mature body disease of Micropterus salmoides, preparing 40ppm formaldehyde solution, thoroughly changing water after 12h, feeding with 3 terramycin according to 40 jin of feed for 1 day and 2 times, wherein the feeding amount is 1/2 at ordinary times, and the disease can be cured in 2-3 days.
The method provides a good growth environment for the micropterus salmoides through scientific artificial propagation and fry breeding methods, avoids the occurrence of plant diseases and insect pests, remarkably increases the growth speed and immunity of the micropterus salmoides, improves the yield and survival rate of the micropterus salmoides, has good market prospect and is suitable for popularization.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (1)
1. An artificial propagation and fry rearing method for weever, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(I) Artificial reproduction
(1) Selecting parent fishes: selecting the parent fish, wherein the selected parent fish is immediately placed into a parent fish pond for prenatal culture after the parent fish is selected;
(2) parent fish culture, namely feeding the parent fish with feed every day, removing residual bait in time a small amount of times every day, changing water in time, and opening an air pump to increase oxygen in time; the parent fish feed is mainly expanded compound pellet feed for micropterus salmoides, and the protein content is more than 42%;
(3) preparing a spawning pond: the spawning pond is a rectangular cement pond with the length of 10m, the width of 4m and the height of 1.2m, is dark, is convenient to water inlet and discharge, and is provided with oxygen charging equipment; after the spawning pond is selected, the spawning pond is washed clean by clean water, and clean water is injected; the California perch eggs are extremely strong in viscosity, the ovaries are made by fixing palm pieces on a special iron stent mesh, two palm pieces are laid on one iron stent mesh, the quality of the palm pieces is good and large enough, and the back surfaces of the palm pieces are fixed for half a week by using thick iron wires; preparing 1 iron bracket net sheet for every 2 parent fishes; adding clear water with the depth of 70cm-80cm after the ovary is finished;
(4) selecting mature parent fish: selecting male fish with rough abdomen, enlarged abdomen and capable of squeezing milky semen, and selecting female fish with smooth abdomen, ruddy genital pore and enlarged abdomen; the ratio of male to female is 1: 1;
(5) artificial hastening parturition: the injection medicine is luteinizing releasing hormone analogue LRH-A2, diutanone maleate (DOM) and chorionic gonadotropin (HCG), and 3 kinds of medicines are mixed and injected; the injection dose is as follows: LRH-A of 4g/kg parent fish body weight2+2mg/kg of DOM of parent fish weight +800Iu/kg of HCG of parent fish weight; female fish is injected into abdominal cavity of pectoral fin for 1 time, and the injection dosage of male fish is reduced by half; the spawning induction time is selected from 4 months to 5 months;
(6) hatching: generally controlling the water temperature to be 20-24 ℃, starting spawning within about 72 hours, immediately fishing out the iron support with the palm sheets once the spawning is found, removing the palm sheets, hanging the palm sheets on hooks of a wood frame in an incubation pool, and splashing compound iodine solution diluent to prevent saprolegniasis; putting 10-15 oxygen heads into the hatching pond for oxygenation, keeping the oxygen sufficient, controlling the water temperature at 27-29 ℃, demoulding after about 56 hours, changing the yolk sacs into flat-swimming fries after 3 days, and feeding the fries;
the hatching pond is a cement pond with the length of 20 meters, the width of 2 meters and the depth of 60 centimeters, a strip frame with a hook is made of a rectangular strip with the width of 5-7 centimeters, the strip frame is placed in the hatching pond, and the strip frame is added with water and floats on the water surface;
(II) fry rearing
(1) And (3) seed collection: collecting the fish fries which are eaten after opening into a cylindrical white plastic bucket with the diameter of 90cm and the height of 80cm, carrying out centralized micro-flow water circulation culture, wherein the water depth is 65 cm, the bottom of the plastic bucket is provided with a water outlet, a layer of 60-mesh iron round net sheet is covered on the water outlet, the net sheets are adhered by glass cement, and 4-5 thousands of fish fries are put into each bucket;
(2) feeding: feeding about 70g of the hatched brine shrimps for 2-3 times every day, wherein 5 ten thousand of the brine shrimps are fed each time; continuously feeding the brine shrimps to weever fries about 1.5 cm for transferring and culturing, namely converting live baits into artificial mixed pellet feed, mixing the brine shrimps and the artificial mixed pellet feed step by step one week before transferring the live baits, reducing 1/5 of initial feeding amount on average every day, reducing the feeding amount of the brine shrimps to 0 on the 6 th day, and after starvation treatment for 24 hours, completely feeding the crushed Dabeinong California weever puffed pellet feed with the protein content of 48 percent; feeding should be timed, fixed point, quantitative;
(3) cultivation management: cleaning 1 time every 1-2 days, during cleaning, manufacturing a simple white plastic plate with the length of 14cm and the width of 10cm, thinning 2cm inwards on one side surface to form a section similar to a knife edge, connecting the white plastic plate to a long handle with the length of 90cm for convenient use, slightly pushing bait scraps deposited at the bottom of a cylindrical white plastic barrel to the center of the barrel bottom from the edge of the barrel bottom by using the white plastic plate, and then sucking the bait scraps by using a hose with the diameter of 1cm by using a siphon principle;
(4) and (3) sieving a pond: after the fry is converted into the artificial compound pellet feed, classifying obviously larger individual weever fries in time, transferring the larger individual weever fries into another cylindrical white plastic barrel with the same size for independent cultivation, transferring all the weever fries into a cement pond with the length of 20 m, the width of 2m and the depth of 60 cm for circulating feeding by groundwater micro-flowing water when most of the fry bodies are more than 2cm, feeding 3-4 times a day and 5-10% of daily bait feeding amount; changing 1/4 water every 2 days, and sucking dirt once in the feeding area by using a hose with the diameter of 3-4cm every 2 days; until the fry is 4-5cm, the fry can pass through a screening pond and is put into an earth pond for stocking;
(5) disease prevention and treatment: in the 5 months, the water temperature rises, and the garlicin and the vitamin C feed additive are added once a week to mix and feed to prevent diseases, namely common diseases of micropterus salmoides, namely ichthyophthirius chinensis and body maturity;
the defect that the ichthyophthiriasis is not high-temperature-resistant is mostly adopted for treating the ichthyophthiriasis, the water temperature is increased to 27-29 ℃, and after 24 hours, 0.1-0.2 ppm of mercuric nitrate solution is prepared for splashing, 2 times a day, and the ichthyophthiriasis can be cured in 2-3 days;
treating mature body diseases of micropterus salmoides, preparing 40ppm formaldehyde solution for splashing, completely changing water after 12h, feeding 3 terramycin with 40 jin of feed for 2 times in 1 day after changing water, wherein the feeding amount is 1/2 fed in the pond by sieving every day, and the disease can be cured in 2-3 days.
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CN112741024B (en) * | 2019-10-31 | 2022-09-23 | 华中农业大学 | Out-of-season micropterus salmoides breeding and large-scale fry breeding method |
CN112640819A (en) * | 2020-10-10 | 2021-04-13 | 邵龙均 | Breeding method of pollution-free fresh water weever |
CN113229182A (en) * | 2021-06-08 | 2021-08-10 | 浙江正大畜禽水产有限公司 | Artificial hybrid weever and breeding method thereof |
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