CN112042567B - All-season cultivation method for parent fish of marine fishes - Google Patents
All-season cultivation method for parent fish of marine fishes Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/10—Culture of aquatic animals of fish
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/158—Fatty acids; Fats; Products containing oils or fats
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/174—Vitamins
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/80—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for aquatic animals, e.g. fish, crustaceans or molluscs
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Insects & Arthropods (AREA)
- Birds (AREA)
- Farming Of Fish And Shellfish (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses an indoor all-season in-situ cultivation method for parent fishes of marine fishes, which comprises the following steps: 1. construction of a reproductive population: selecting individuals with strong physique and no damage to the body surface from seawater net cages and pond culture groups as backup parent fishes; 2. and (3) parent fish culture: the seawater is moved into an indoor culture pond from the seawater net cage and the pond for long-term storage and culture without moving outwards; 3. feeding: the compound granulated feed for the marine fishes and the enhancer are mixed uniformly for feeding; 4. prenatal intensive cultivation: regulating and controlling water temperature, salinity, water flow, illumination and feed; 5. endocrine induction: injecting hormone to promote ripening and spawning; 6. and continuously collecting eggs. The method is simple and convenient to operate, reduces the working strength and the loss rate of the parent fish, and realizes the all-season in-situ cultivation and synchronous maturation of the parent fish; obtaining large batch of high-quality fertilized eggs and providing the production of seedlings.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of fish culture, and particularly relates to a full-season cultivation method of parent fishes of marine fishes.
Background
The marine fish species industry has developed significantly since the middle of the nineties of the last century, and it is now possible to mass produce seedlings of fishes such as bass, porgy, , and brachyulidae. The cultivation of parent fish plays an important key role in the artificial propagation process: firstly, enabling parent fishes to mature and lay eggs in a seedling production season; secondly, a large amount of fertilized eggs are produced by the parent fish to meet the production requirement.
At present, parent fish is generally cultivated by two modes of seawater net cage cultivation and pond cultivation: in non-breeding season, the parent fish is placed in an offshore net cage or a seawater pond for breeding, the parent fish is moved into a room before the breeding season, and the parent fish is moved back after the spawning season. Because some kinds of fish have stronger stress response, the parent fish is often damaged and injured by different degrees of stress in the processes of antenatal, midnatal and postpartum transfer in and out of the culture chamber for many times. Creating favorable conditions to lead the parent fish culture and the seedling production to develop towards high efficiency and low loss, and is one of the technical links which are strived to explore in the industry.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems, the invention provides an indoor all-season cultivation method for parent fishes of marine fishes, which realizes high-efficiency and low-loss parent fish cultivation and seedling production.
The aim of the invention is achieved by the following technical measures: an indoor all-season in-situ cultivation method for parent marine fishes comprises the following steps: a. selecting individuals from seawater net cages and pond culture groups, and constructing reproductive groups as backup parent fishes; b. parent fishes are moved into an indoor culture pond from the seawater net cage and the pond for long-term storage and culture without moving outwards; c. the compound granulated feed for the marine fishes and the enhancer are mixed uniformly for feeding; d. performing prenatal intensive cultivation; e. injecting hormone to promote ripening and spawning; f. and continuously collecting eggs.
Preferably, the reproductive population is more than 1 year old and less than 5 years old; the breeding mode is male-female mixed breeding.
Further, before the parent fish is moved into the indoor culture pond, spraying a potassium permanganate solution to disinfect the culture pond, and storing and culturing the parent fish in the culture pond with the density of 48-80 kg/M 3 。
Preferentially, the seawater fish is fed with the granulated feed mixed nutrition enhancer, and the feeding amount is 6-8% of the total weight of the fish body; the mixing proportion of the nutrition enhancer is 2 to 4 percent of the weight of the pellet feed.
Preferentially, the specific conditions of the prenatal intensified cultivation stage are as follows: the temperature of an indoor water pool is kept at 25-28 ℃; salinity is 24-29 per mill; changing water 1-2 times per day; the water flow speed is 0.2-0.3M/s, and the pH value is 7.8-8.0; the illumination is 400-1000 Lux.
Further, in the prenatal intensified cultivation stage, before the propagation season comes, the water flow speed is adjusted to 0.4-0.6M/s; the salinity is gradually increased; adding live bait feeds of fresh or frozen prawns and shellfishes, wherein the feeding amount is 5-6% of the total weight of the fish; meanwhile, a nutrition enhancer is mixed in the live bait feed, and the mixing proportion of the nutrition enhancer is 4-5% of the weight of the live bait feed.
Preferably, the parent fish stops eating before hormone is injected to promote maturity and hasten parturition, chorionic gonadotropin and luteinizing hormone releasing hormone analogue are used for inducing parent fish to lay eggs and fertilize, and the salinity of pond water is gradually increased to more than 32 per thousand.
Preferably, the nutrition enhancer is cod liver oil, vitamin a, vitamin C, and/or vitamin E.
Furthermore, before the prenatal intensive cultivation, the reserve parent fishes are captured and supplemented from the net cage and the pond in due time according to the loss condition.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the parent fish in-situ cultivation method provided by the invention is used for cultivating and spawning in an indoor water pool all the year after being moved into the room from an offshore net cage or a pond, so that fish body desquamation and head injury infection pathogenic bacteria caused by frightening, net collision, pool wall collision or jumping out of the pond due to repeated moving in the traditional seedling production process are avoided, the parent fish casualty caused by frightening and environmental stress sensitivity is avoided, the loss rate of the parent fish is reduced, and the stability of reproductive population is ensured.
The invention gradually screens individuals with fast growth, large body size and obvious characteristics from the cultivation of the backup parent fish and reserves the individuals as the backup parent fish, and the individuals are reserved year by year to form a reproductive population age echelon with 1-5 years old, thereby meeting the sex requirement of the germchit production on the reproductive population, and solving the problems of asynchronous species development, male and female existence or female and male existence during spawning and breeding failure of common sexual reversion phenomena in the traditional production.
The invention adopts an indoor all-season cultivation method, changes the extensive cultivation mode of eating on the day in the traditional production, is convenient to apply advanced equipment to implement water quality regulation and control, fine management and maintain sufficient and balanced nutrition, and cultivates high-quality parent fish meeting the propagation conditions.
The invention adopts an indoor all-season cultivation method, so that the reproductive population is adapted to the storage environment for a long time, and the potential fertility of the parent fish individual is favorably exerted.
Detailed Description
A method for cultivating parent fishes of marine fishes in all seasons comprises the following steps:
1. preferentially selecting and constructing a reproductive population from the breeding population:
1a, artificially culturing and cultivating parent fish of fingerlings captured from natural sea areas or fingerlings produced from national-level or provincial-level original (good) seed farms with production licenses. Or selecting high-quality individuals with sexual maturity or close sexual maturity from water bodies such as offshore net cages, aquaculture ponds and the like.
Continuously selecting in the culture process, selecting to be superior and inferior, combining emergence and marketing of commercial fish every year, selecting and reserving parent fish, and supplementing new high-quality parent fish. And ensuring the number of parent groups as required to form an age echelon of 1-5 years, wherein the number of the groups reaches more than 2000.
Screening high-quality individuals from the fish raft in the marine net cage, transporting the fish raft to a wharf by using a running water boat after anesthesia, then performing anesthesia again, installing a circulating waterwheel, transporting the fish raft to a parent fish farm, unloading the fish raft after anesthesia again, and then moving the fish raft into an indoor water pool. The net cage is not moved back.
And 1d, capturing the screened high-quality individuals in the pond, loading the individuals on a circulating water wheel after anesthesia, transporting the individuals to a parent fish farm, and transferring the individuals into an indoor water pool. No longer moving back to the pond.
2. Parent fish are cultivated in an indoor water pool:
the shape of the pool is mostly rectangular, and the length-width ratio is 2: 1. The area is 50-100 m 2 The depth of the pond is 1.5-2 m, the bottom of the pond is inclined to the center by a cement brick structure. The center of the pool bottom is provided with a circular egg outlet, and the fish blocking fence is covered on the pool bottom.
And 2b, introducing the egg outlet into the egg collecting pool through a concealed pipe, wherein the concealed pipe is a PVC pipe with the diameter of 20-25 cm. The bottom of the spawning pond is 25-30 cm lower than the bottom of the spawning pond; the water outlet is controlled by a valve to discharge water;
2c, splashing potassium permanganate solution to disinfect the culture pond before the parent fish is moved into the indoor culture pond;
2d, parent fish stocking density48 to 80 kg/M 3 。
3. Feeding parent fishes with special feed for marine fishes:
3a, feeding the special floating marine fish compound pellet feed produced by a regular manufacturer, wherein the mass fraction of crude protein is 35-45%, the safety limit of the feed meets NY5072, and the sanitary index meets the regulation of GB l 3078; the compound granulated feed is mixed with nutrient enhancers such as vitamin A, C, E, fish oil and the like for feeding, and the mixing proportion of the nutrient enhancers is 2 to 4 percent of the weight of the granulated feed.
3b, feeding the feed by adopting a fixed-point and quantitative throwing method according to the stocking density of the parent fish. Feeding once in the morning and afternoon every day, wherein the feeding is carried out for 30 percent in the morning and 70 percent in the afternoon, and the feeding is carried out for multiple times; the feeding amount is 6-8% of the body weight, and the feeding is finished within 1 hour.
4. Overwintering: starting a boiler, laying a plastic film above a water tank for heat preservation, and keeping the water temperature of the water tank at 18-23 ℃; and keeping the inflation. When the air temperature is back-warmed, the film is uncovered at proper time to allow air to circulate. The bait feeding amount is properly reduced during the overwintering period, the bait feeding is carried out once a day, and the bait feeding is carried out at high air temperature in the noon. The feeding is not carried out in rainy or frozen days, and the feeding amount is increased when the water temperature rises to 20 ℃.
5. Prenatal intensive cultivation: after the parent fish overwintering, most of fat accumulated in the body is converted into gonads, the water temperature is gradually increased, and the quantity and quality of food required by the period exceed those of other seasons; the specific conditions in the prenatal intensified cultivation stage are as follows: the temperature of an indoor water pool is kept at 25-28 ℃; the salinity is 24-29 per mill; changing water 1-2 times per day; the water flow speed is 0.2-0.3M/s, and the pH value is 7.8-8.0; the illumination is 400-1000 Lux.
In the prenatal intensified cultivation stage, when the breeding season comes, the following adjustment is also made:
5a, water flow; near the spawning season, the parent fish has higher requirement on dissolved oxygen, the water flow is increased, and the water flow speed is adjusted to 0.4-0.6M/s to prevent flooding and promote gonad development.
Salinity; salinity is very important to influence the sexual maturity and reproduction of marine fish. Therefore, from 3 months before the breeding season, the salinity of the parent fish is increased by 1 time per week to 29 per thousand gradually.
5c, feed; adding live bait feeds of fresh or frozen prawns and shellfishes in addition to the compound feed, wherein the feeding amount is 5-6% of the total weight of the fish body, and the live bait feeds are cleaned before feeding, so that the quality is strictly restricted, and the live bait feeds with pathogeny can not be fed at all; meanwhile, fortifiers such as vitamin A, C, E, fish oil and the like are mixed into the live bait feed, and the mixing proportion of the nutrient fortifiers is 4-5 percent of the weight of the live bait feed.
5d, mixedly culturing male and female parts; the ratio of male to female is 6:4, which is beneficial for the parent fish to receive the stimulation of the opposite sex and promotes the activity of the parent fish.
6. Spawning: before induced spawning, the parent fish stops eating, and the salinity of the pond water is gradually increased to over 32 per mill by using natural seawater or seawater extract.
6a, the water pool keeps a micro-flow state, and the exchange amount of water is controlled to be 1-2 m 3 And/h, increasing the exchange quantity of water when the expected effect time is reached.
Back muscle injection of parent fish tail-to-tail with chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) and luteinizing hormone releasing hormone analogue (LHRH-a), HCG injection dose: 500-600 IU/kg body weight; LHRH-A is 5-10 mug/kg body weight, and the dosage of the male fish is halved. Spawning generally occurs within 72 hours after the first spawning and within 48 hours after the second spawning. Spawning time: from night to midnight.
6c, installing a camera in the seedling production workshop for remote monitoring; the fish does not walk around the spawning pond as much as possible, and the light is not turned on, so that the parent fish is prevented from being frightened to influence the oestrus, spawning and fertilization of the parent fish.
7. The production effect is as follows: the indoor water pool is adopted for cultivation in all seasons, and the environment conditions such as salinity, water temperature, illumination, nutrition and the like can be regulated and controlled, so that the breeding period is prolonged compared with the traditional production process, and the utilization rate of parent fish is improved.
The spawning period of the wild population of the yellow fin sea bream in coastal waters of Guangdong is from late 10 months to the end of 11 months, while the breeding season of the parent fish population of the artificially cultured mature yellow fin sea bream provided by the invention starts from 8 months (lunar calendar 7 months) and continues to the middle 1 month of the next year. Egg laying amount: about 30 kilograms of fertilized eggs per day, 150 ten thousand fertilized eggs per kilogram, and the fertilization rate is about 90 percent; the hatching rate is 95 percent; the survival rate is 90 percent, and the survival rate of the seedling is 70 percent;
7b, 8 months of bottom egg laying of the black porgy every year; the period is from 8 months to 4 months in the next year, which is two months ahead of the conventional seedling culture season. And producing 5000 kg of fertilized eggs every year. The flat porgy lays eggs at the bottom of 10 months every year; by the end of 3 months in the next year, the time is advanced by one month.
Egg laying in ovate pompano in 3 months each year, ending in 8-9 months, producing about 60 kg each day, with a fertilization rate of about 90%; the hatching rate is 95%, and the breeding period is prolonged by 2 months.
And 7d, the sciaenops ocellatus, the mackerel and the acutus micropterus are stored in an indoor cement pond for a long time, and can breed and lay eggs all the year round due to controllable salinity, water temperature and illumination. Each fish produces about 30-35 kg of fertilized eggs every day.
The above examples are intended to illustrate the invention and not to limit the scope of the invention, which is defined by the claims appended hereto, as modifications of various equivalent forms to the invention by those skilled in the art after reading the present disclosure.
Claims (3)
1. An indoor all-season in-situ cultivation method for parent marine fishes is characterized by comprising the following steps: a. selecting individuals from seawater net cages and pond culture groups, and constructing reproductive groups as backup parent fishes; b. Parent fishes are moved into an indoor culture pond from the seawater net cage and the pond for culture and are cultured all the year round without moving outwards; c. the compound granulated feed for the marine fishes and the enhancer are mixed uniformly for feeding; d. Performing prenatal intensive cultivation; e. injecting hormone to promote ripening and spawning; f. continuously collecting eggs;
the age of the reproductive population is a reproductive population age echelon of 1-5 ages, and the sex requirement of the germchit production on the reproductive population is met; the breeding mode is mixed male and female breeding;
feeding the marine fishes with a mixed nutrition enhancer of granulated feed, wherein the feeding amount is 6-8% of the total weight of the fish bodies; the mixing proportion of the nutrition enhancer is 2 to 4 percent of the weight of the pellet feed;
the specific conditions in the prenatal intensive cultivation are as follows: the temperature of the indoor water pool is kept between 25 and 28 ℃; salinity is 24-29 per mill; changing water 1-2 times per day; the water flow speed is 0.2-0.3M/s, and the pH value is 7.8-8.0; illumination 400-1000 Lux;
in the prenatal intensified cultivation stage, before the propagation season comes, the water flow speed is adjusted to 0.4-0.6M/s; the salinity is gradually increased; adding live bait feeds of fresh or frozen prawns and shellfishes, wherein the feeding amount is 5-6% of the total weight of the fish; meanwhile, a nutrition enhancer is mixed in the live bait feed, and the mixing proportion of the nutrition enhancer is 4-5% of the weight of the live bait feed;
stopping feeding of parent fish before hormone injection for ripening and oxytocic, inducing parent fish to lay eggs and fertilize by using chorionic gonadotropin and luteinizing hormone releasing hormone analog; the salinity of the pond water is gradually increased to more than 32 per thousand;
the nutrition enhancer is cod liver oil, vitamin A, vitamin C, and/or vitamin E;
the marine fish is yellow-fin Pagrus major, black Pagrus major, flat Pagrus major, ovate Podoconcha Decaptera, American red fish, black speck or Persper micropterus, and belongs to the species of hermaphrodite prematurity or prematurity.
2. The indoor full-season in-situ cultivation method for parent marine fishes as claimed in claim 1, wherein the parent fish is disinfected by spraying potassium permanganate solution before being moved into the indoor cultivation pond, and the parent fish density in the cultivation pond is 48-80 kg/M 3 After the parent fish enters the indoor pond, the parent fish does not move outwards.
3. The indoor all-season in-situ cultivation method for parent fishes of marine fishes as claimed in claim 1, wherein the reserve parent fishes are timely replenished from the net cage according to the depletion condition before the prenatal intensive cultivation.
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