CN109699529B - Large-scale artificial breeding method of eleutheronema esculentum - Google Patents
Large-scale artificial breeding method of eleutheronema esculentum Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of aquaculture, in particular to a large-scale artificial breeding method of eleutheronema cum bile, which comprises the steps of parent fish domestication, parent fish intensive cultivation, parent fish reproduction, spawning and hatching, fry cultivation management, fry grading and pool division management, fry emergence and the like; by scientifically managing and gradually domesticating the parent fish, the problem that the eleutheronema mackerel dies after leaving water is solved; by intensive cultivation and reproduction control of the parent fish, sufficient mature parent fish and high-quality fertilized eggs are provided for large-scale seedling culture; through scientific fry breeding management, comprehensive treatment of fry breeding water and regulation and control of the fry breeding process are carried out, fry initial feed, safe biological feed and special artificial feed are fed according to the proportion in stages, and the fry breeding survival rate and the fry quality are improved by taking measures of graded pond management and the like. The invention solves the key technology of large-scale artificial breeding of the eleutheronema mackerel, has high survival rate of the cultured eleutheronema mackerel, provides a new high-efficiency seedling technology and a new mode for the industry, and promotes the high-efficiency and healthy development of high-end marine fish culture in China.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of aquaculture, in particular to a large-scale artificial breeding method of eleutheronema cum bile.
Background
The Spanish mackerel belongs to Osteichthyes, Scombridae. Many kinds of mackerel are commonly known, such as scomberomorus sinensis, scomberomorus niphonius, mackerel, conradish mackerel, etc. Mainly distributed in the western part of the North Pacific ocean, and is owned by the south sea of the yellow Bohai sea in China, and belongs to warm upper fishes. The Spanish mackerel meat is fine and smooth in quality, delicious in taste and rich in nutrition, contains rich nutritional elements such as protein, vitamin A, mineral substances and the like, and is a marine high-quality fish with higher economic value.
In order to increase the yield of the eleutheronema mackerel, people continuously research artificial breeding technology. The existing artificial breeding mainly has the problems that mature parent fish and fertilized eggs can not be supplied according to a plan, the hatching rate is not high, the survival rate of cultured seedlings is low, the yield scale is small and the like, and particularly, the technical problem that the eleutheronema mackerel is dead after being separated from water in the artificial breeding process is solved. Therefore, a large-scale efficient propagation technology system is urgently needed to be constructed, the difficulty of the propagation production technology of the Spanish mackerel is broken through, the supply capacity of released varieties is improved, and the requirement of aquaculture offspring seeds is met, so that the sustainable development of fishery health and the sustainable income increase of fishermen are promoted.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a large-scale artificial breeding method of eleutheronema mackerel aiming at the defects of the prior art, and the cultured eleutheronema mackerel has high survival rate and large yield and can be produced in a large scale.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the large-scale artificial breeding method of the eleutheronema cum bile comprises the following steps:
step one, domesticating a parent Spanish mackerel:
a) selecting large-individual and strong-physique parents from a culture pond for planning and breeding the parents, wherein the male-female ratio is 1: 1;
b) the selection process needs to be operated lightly, the bags are packed with water, 1 tail of each bag is packed with a foam box, the bags are transported by a vehicle and transported to a seedling raising field at the highest speed and placed in a parent cultivation pool for cultivation, the parent cultivation pool is 1.5 m deep in water, 10ppm of platinum composite vitamin and 20ppm of black particle are put in;
c) feeding 3 times every day, wherein the feeding time is 7: 30. 18: 30, of a nitrogen-containing gas; the feed is a special compound feed for the eleutheronema ematum, the feed is added with platinum compound vitamin accounting for 0.1 percent of the total mass, and the feeding amount of the feed is 3 percent of the weight of the parent fish;
d) changing water once every morning, wherein the water changing amount is 20-40%; putting 10ppm Heibao and 1000ml oocyst algae water quality modifier; keeping the specific weight of the pond water between 1.016 and 1.022, the pH value between 8.5 and 8.8 and the illumination intensity of 2000 Lx;
e) frequently fishing, touching and training parent fishes, and gradually improving the domestication characteristics of parents;
step two, intensive cultivation of parent fish:
a) selecting healthy parent fish with weight of more than 1.5kg for intensive cultivation, wherein the selected female fish requires slight expansion of abdomen and good maturity, and the male fish requires white seminal fluid to flow out according to abdomen;
b) feeding live baits accounting for 3-5% of the weight of the parent fish every day, feeding a special compound feed for the eleutheronema mackerel accounting for 1-2% of the weight of the parent fish, adding platinum composite vitamin accounting for 0.1% of the total mass into the feed, and feeding the feed once in the morning and at night;
c) changing water once every morning, wherein the water changing amount is 20-40%; putting 10ppm Heibao and 1000ml oocyst algae water quality modifier; keeping the specific weight of the pond water between 1.016 and 1.022, the pH value between 8.5 and 8.8 and the illumination intensity of 2000 Lx;
step three, parent fish reproduction, spawning and hatching management:
a) after intensive cultivation, selecting mature parent fish to be placed in a hatching pond for cultivation, wherein the ratio of the male fish to the female fish is 1: 1, adjusting the salinity of water in the incubation pool to be 20-26 per thousand, the water temperature to be 22-26 ℃, the pH value to be 8.0-8.5, the nitrite content to be lower than 0.1mg/L, and the water change amount to be 120-150% per day;
b) collecting fertilized eggs every day, cleaning the fertilized eggs, removing dead eggs, putting the fertilized eggs into an incubation barrel, and taking out membranes after 17-24 hours; cleaning the hatching pond after spawning, injecting seawater, and continuously spawning and spawning the same batch of parent fishes for more than 5 months;
step four, fry rearing management:
a) putting fertilized eggs of Spanish mackerel:
selecting fertilized eggs with plump eggs, no damage or sundry adhesion; sterilizing fertilized eggs with 1.5ppm iodine solution for 10min, and then putting into a seedling pond, adjusting the water temperature in the seedling pond to 22-26 ℃, wherein the specific gravity is 1.018-1.022; the stocking density is 2.0-2.5 ten thousand grains/m3；
b) Water quality management of seedling culture:
b1) putting beneficial microorganisms, wherein the beneficial microorganisms are photosynthetic bacteria, bacillus subtilis and Chaetoceros muelleri, and the using concentration of the photosynthetic bacteria is 3 multiplied by 102～3×104cfu/ml, the use concentration of the bacillus subtilis is 125 multiplied by 104～135×104cfu/ml, Chaetoceros muelleri concentration at 0.6X 108～1×108Keeping the water transparency at 50-60 cm per liter;
b2) cleaning up the dirt at the bottom of the pool by a siphon method every day;
b3) changing water according to the change condition of water quality, wherein the water changing amount is 30-50 cm each time, and adding 1.5ppm of disodium ethylene diamine tetraacetate and 0.5ppm of platinum combined vitamin after water changing;
c) controlling seedling temperature, dissolved oxygen and pH value:
controlling the temperature of the fertilized eggs to be 26 ℃ when the fertilized eggs are put into the pond, and then increasing the temperature by 0.5 ℃ every day until the temperature is 31 ℃ and keeping the temperature stable; continuously aerating for increasing oxygen, gradually increasing the dissolved oxygen from 5.0-8.0 mg/ml, and keeping the pH value at 8.6-9.0.
d) And (3) feed feeding management:
within 2 days of putting fertilized eggs, feeding the fries with self egg yolks as nutrition, feeding SS type rotifers 2 days later, and feeding 50-80 rotifers per day; continuously feeding 30-50 SS type rotifers per ml every day after 7 days, and additionally feeding radius beetles and fairy bugs with the dosage of 30-50 fish fries per day; feeding the copepods and the fairy worms mainly after 10 days, and feeding the SS type rotifers and the artificial mixed feed as accessories, wherein the copepods and the fairy worms are fed 150-200 per tail every day, the dosage of the SS type rotifers is 20-30/ml, and the dosage of the artificial mixed feed is 5-10 g/ten thousand per tail every day; and after 15 days, feeding artificial compound feed mainly, and feeding the radishes and the fairy worms secondarily, wherein the dosage of the artificial compound feed is 50 g/ten thousand per day, and the dosage of the radishes and the fairy worms is 50-100 per tail per day.
e) And (3) illumination control:
controlling the illumination intensity through a skylight and a side window sunshade net, controlling the illumination intensity to be 1000Lx when the fertilized eggs are put into a pond, increasing the illumination intensity by 250Lx every day, and finally controlling the illumination intensity to be 4000-4500 Lx; when the weather is bad, the artificial light source can be used for supplementing insufficient light.
Step five, carrying out graded pool management on the fries:
after the fry grows to 2.0cm, the specification is gradually differentiated, and under the condition of uneven distribution, a mesh screen is used for grading, separating and culturing in separate ponds, and the method comprises the following specific steps:
a) adding the seawater subjected to secondary sand filtration treatment into each separate culture pond, wherein the water depth is 1.2-1.4 m, adding 2.0ppm of disodium ethylene diamine tetraacetate and 2.0ppm of platinum combined vitamin complex, adjusting various physical and chemical factors to be the same as those of the original culture pond, and pre-feeding radial horn or fairy shrimp, wherein the using amount is 30-40 fish fries per tail;
b) and (3) classifying the fry by adopting screens of 10 meshes and 5 meshes: putting the fry less than 1.5cm into a No. 1 separate culture pond, putting the fry of 2.0-3.0 cm into a No. 2 separate culture pond, and putting the fry of more than 3cm into a No. 3 separate culture pond or directly selling the fries;
step six, fry outlet and sale:
a) the fry is cultivated for 25 days, generally reaching 3-5cm, and then the fry can emerge;
b) before emergence of seedlings, the salinity of the water body of the breeding pond is gradually adjusted according to the salinity of the water body of the breeding pond (adult fish culture pond), the salinity difference is adjusted to be not more than 5 per thousand every day, and the salinity difference between the water body of the breeding pond and the water body of the breeding pond (adult fish culture pond) is not more than 10 per thousand during emergence of seedlings;
c) stopping feeding 12 hours before emergence of seedlings;
d) putting platinum in water for seedling emergence to combine with 2ppm of vitamin complex, so as to prevent stress.
In the technical scheme, the fourth step also comprises the comprehensive treatment of the water for seedling culture, and the specific steps are as follows:
1) seawater is sequentially filtered by coarse sand, fine sand, activated carbon and a screen mesh and then pumped into a high-level reservoir, and the area of the high-level reservoir is 100m23m high;
2) carrying out dark sedimentation for more than 24 hours in the high-level reservoir;
3) chemical and physical treatment: thoroughly disinfecting with strong chlorine essence 5ppm, neutralizing with sodium thiosulfate 2.5ppm for detoxification after 24 hours, aerating for more than 48 hours, and treating with high-speed flowing water;
4) and (3) third-level sand filtration treatment: firstly, performing first-stage sand filtration: small stone blocks, a 20-mesh screen and coarse sand are filtered, and then the coarse sand is filtered by a second-stage sand filter: coarse sand, 80-mesh screen, fine sand filtration, and finally third-stage sand filtration: filtering with active carbon, 150 mesh screen and fine sand;
5) adding the treated seawater into a seedling culture pond to 1.3m, adjusting the salinity to 27.0-32.3 per mill, controlling the pH value to 7.8-8.5 and controlling the dissolved oxygen to be 4.8-5.3 mg/ml;
6) 3.0ppm of disodium ethylene diamine tetraacetate and 1.5ppm of Shuangshuiling are added.
In the technical scheme, the fourth step also comprises the preparation of a seedling-raising initial bait SS rotifer, which comprises the following specific steps:
1) establishing a bait pool:
2 bait pools are arranged in each isolated seedling raising workshop, the area of each bait pool is 2 mu, and the water depth is 1.3 m;
2) and (3) sterilizing the bait pool:
sprinkling 50ppm bleaching powder solution in a whole pool for disinfection, aerating after 72 hours, and adding 5ppm sodium thiosulfate for neutralization treatment;
3) fertilizing: after sterilizing for 96 hours, putting 100kg of fish paste into a bait pool per mu, and taking 1.0ppm of sodium nitrate and 0.1ppm of monopotassium phosphate as fertilizers;
4) inoculating bacteria and algae:
inoculating EM (effective microorganisms), microalgae and marine yeast on the next day after the fish paste is put into the fish paste, and culturing the basic bait of SS type rotifers;
5) inoculating rotifers:
inoculating SS type rotifers when the water transparency reaches 20cm after 5 days of putting the fish paste, wherein the inoculation quantity of the SS type rotifers is 10-20/ml;
6) and 2-3 days after inoculation, the concentration of the SS type rotifers reaches 2500-5000/ml, and the fish fries can be collected and fed.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the method solves the problem that the Spanish mackerel dies immediately after leaving water by scientifically managing and gradually domesticating the parent fish, has high survival rate of the cultured Spanish mackerel and high yield, and can be used for large-scale production;
(2) according to the invention, the parent fish is intensively cultured, the fresh and live biological feed is fed to strengthen nutrition, the proper physical and chemical factor condition is controlled, the gonad development of the parent shrimp is promoted, and sufficient mature parent fish and high-quality fertilized eggs are provided for large-scale seedling culture;
(3) according to the invention, through scientific seedling management, comprehensive treatment of water for seedling cultivation and microalgae biological regulation and control in the seedling cultivation process are carried out, an anti-stress agent and a biological agent are put in, seedling cultivation physical and chemical factors and light intensity are controlled, fry initial feed, safe biological feed and special artificial feed are fed according to the stage ratio, and measures such as hierarchical pond division management and the like are taken, so that the survival rate of seedling cultivation and the quality of fries are improved;
(4) the invention solves the key technology of large-scale artificial breeding of the eleutheronema mackerel, provides a new high-efficiency seedling raising technology and a new mode for the industry, increases new high-end breeding varieties and promotes the high-efficiency and healthy development of high-end marine fish breeding in China.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated by the following examples.
The purchased goods information referred to in the following examples is as follows:
the EM bacteria are commodities produced by Guangdong green hundred-Biotech limited;
the platinum composite vitamin is a commodity produced by Henan Puertai animal pharmaceutical industry Co., Ltd;
shushuiling is a commodity produced by Guangzhou Xinhailisheng biological technology limited company;
the oocystis water quality modifier is a commodity produced by Jinyang tropical seafood culture Limited in Maoming;
the artificial compound feed is a commercial product produced by Zhanjiang GmbH;
the special compound feed for the Spanish mackerel is a commodity produced by Shuidequanhxing feed company;
heibao is a commodity produced by Zhanjiang GmbH.
Example 1:
the large-scale artificial breeding method of the eleutheronema esculentum comprises the following steps:
step one, domesticating a parent Spanish mackerel:
step one, domesticating a parent Spanish mackerel:
a) selecting large-individual and strong-physique parents from a culture pond for planning and breeding the parents, wherein the male-female ratio is 1: 1;
b) the selection process needs to be operated lightly, the bags are packed with water, 1 tail of each bag is packed with a foam box, the bags are transported by a vehicle and transported to a seedling raising field at the highest speed and placed in a parent cultivation pool for cultivation, the parent cultivation pool is 1.5 m deep in water, 10ppm of platinum composite vitamin and 20ppm of black particle are put in;
c) feeding 3 times every day, wherein the feeding time is 7: 30. 18: 30, of a nitrogen-containing gas; the feed is a special compound feed for the eleutheronema ematum, the feed is added with platinum compound vitamin accounting for 0.1 percent of the total mass, and the feeding amount of the feed is 3 percent of the weight of the parent fish;
d) changing water once every morning, wherein the water changing amount is 30 percent; putting 10ppm Heibao and 1000ml oocyst algae water quality modifier; keeping the specific gravity of the pond water at 1.020, the pH value at 8.6 and the illumination intensity at 2000 Lx;
e) frequently fishing, touching and training parent fishes, and gradually improving the domestication characteristics of parents;
step two, intensive cultivation of parent fish:
a) selecting healthy parent fish with weight of more than 1.5kg for intensive cultivation, wherein the selected female fish requires slight expansion of abdomen and good maturity, and the male fish requires white seminal fluid to flow out according to abdomen;
b) feeding live baits accounting for 4 percent of the weight of the parent fish every day, feeding special compound feeds for the eleutheronema mackerel accounting for 1.5 percent of the weight of the parent fish, adding platinum composite vitamin accounting for 0.1 percent of the total mass into the feeds, and feeding the feeds once in the morning and at night;
c) changing water once every morning, wherein the water changing amount is 30 percent; putting 10ppm Heibao and 1000ml oocyst algae water quality modifier; keeping the specific gravity of the pond water at 1.020, the pH value at 8.6 and the illumination intensity at 2000 Lx;
step three, parent fish reproduction, spawning and hatching management:
a) after intensive cultivation, selecting mature parent fish to be placed in a hatching pond for cultivation, wherein the ratio of the male fish to the female fish is 1: 1, adjusting the salinity of water in a hatching pond to 23 per mill, the water temperature to 24 ℃, the pH value to 8.3, the nitrite content to be lower than 0.1mg/L, and changing the water amount to 135% every day;
b) collecting fertilized eggs every day, cleaning the fertilized eggs, removing dead eggs, putting the fertilized eggs into an incubation barrel, and discharging membranes after 21 hours; cleaning the hatching pond after spawning, injecting seawater, and continuously spawning and spawning the same batch of parent fishes for more than 5 months;
step four, fry rearing management:
a) putting fertilized eggs of Spanish mackerel:
selecting full eggs, no damage or sticky impuritiesAn attached fertilized egg; sterilizing fertilized eggs with 1.5ppm iodine solution for 10min, and then putting the fertilized eggs into a seedling pond, adjusting the water temperature in the seedling pond to 23 ℃, wherein the specific gravity is 1.020; the stocking density is 2.3 ten thousand grains/m3；
b) Water quality management of seedling culture:
b1) putting beneficial microorganisms, wherein the beneficial microorganisms are photosynthetic bacteria, bacillus subtilis and Chaetoceros muelleri, and the using concentration of the photosynthetic bacteria is 1 x 104cfu/ml, the use concentration of the Bacillus subtilis is 130 multiplied by 104cfu/ml, Chaetoceros muelleri concentration at 0.8X 108Keeping the water transparency at 55cm per liter;
b2) cleaning up the dirt at the bottom of the pool by a siphon method every day;
b3) changing water according to the change condition of water quality, wherein the water changing amount is 40cm each time, and adding 1.5ppm of disodium ethylene diamine tetraacetate and 0.5ppm of platinum combined vitamin after water changing;
c) controlling seedling temperature, dissolved oxygen and pH value:
controlling the temperature of the fertilized eggs to be 26 ℃ when the fertilized eggs are put into the pond, and then increasing the temperature by 0.5 ℃ every day until the temperature is 31 ℃ and keeping the temperature stable; continuously aerating to increase oxygen, gradually increasing dissolved oxygen from 6.5mg/ml, and keeping pH at 8.8.
d) And (3) feed feeding management:
within 2 days of putting fertilized eggs, feeding the fries with self egg yolks as nutrition, feeding SS type rotifers 2 days later, and feeding 65 rotifers per day; continuously feeding 40 SS type rotifers/ml every day after 7 days, and additionally feeding radius beetles and fairy bugs with the dosage of 40 fish fries every day; feeding the copepods and the fairy worms mainly after 10 days, and feeding the SS type rotifers and the artificial mixed feed as accessories, wherein the copepods and the fairy worms are fed by 180 per tail every day, the dosage of the SS type rotifers is 25/ml, and the dosage of the artificial mixed feed is 8 g/ten thousand per day; after 15 days, feeding artificial compound feed is mainly used, and feeding the radishes and the fairy worms is used as an assistant, wherein the dosage of the artificial compound feed is 50 g/ten thousand of the animals per day, and the dosage of the radishes and the fairy worms is 75 per animal per day.
e) And (3) illumination control:
controlling the illumination intensity through a skylight and a side window sunshade net, controlling the illumination intensity to be 1000Lx when the fertilized eggs are put into a pond, increasing the illumination intensity to be 250Lx every day later, and finally controlling the illumination intensity to be 4300 Lx; when the weather is bad, the artificial light source can be used for supplementing insufficient light.
Step five, carrying out graded pool management on the fries:
after the fry grows to 2.0cm, the specification is gradually differentiated, and under the condition of uneven distribution, a mesh screen is used for grading, separating and culturing in separate ponds, and the method comprises the following specific steps:
a) adding the seawater subjected to the secondary sand filtration treatment into each separate culture pond, wherein the water depth is 1.3m, adding 2.0ppm of disodium ethylene diamine tetraacetate and 2.0ppm of platinum combined vitamin complex, adjusting various physical and chemical factors to be the same as those of the original culture pond, and pre-feeding the radial horn or fairy shrimp, wherein the using amount is 35 fish fries per tail;
b) and (3) classifying the fry by adopting screens of 10 meshes and 5 meshes: putting the fry less than 1.5cm into a No. 1 separate culture pond, putting the fry of 2.0-3.0 cm into a No. 2 separate culture pond, and putting the fry of more than 3cm into a No. 3 separate culture pond or directly selling the fries;
step six, fry outlet and sale:
a) the fry is cultivated for 25 days, generally reaching 3-5cm, and then the fry can emerge;
b) before emergence of seedlings, the salinity of the water body of the breeding pond is gradually adjusted according to the salinity of the water body of the breeding pond (adult fish culture pond), the salinity difference is adjusted to be not more than 5 per thousand every day, and the salinity difference between the water body of the breeding pond and the water body of the breeding pond (adult fish culture pond) is not more than 10 per thousand during emergence of seedlings;
c) stopping feeding 12 hours before emergence of seedlings;
d) putting platinum in water for seedling emergence to combine with 2ppm of vitamin complex, so as to prevent stress.
In this embodiment, the fourth step further includes comprehensive treatment of water for seedling raising, and the specific steps are as follows:
1) seawater is sequentially filtered by coarse sand, fine sand, activated carbon and a screen mesh and then pumped into a high-level reservoir, and the area of the high-level reservoir is 100m23m high;
2) carrying out dark sedimentation for more than 24 hours in the high-level reservoir;
3) chemical and physical treatment: thoroughly disinfecting with strong chlorine essence 5ppm, neutralizing with sodium thiosulfate 2.5ppm for detoxification after 24 hours, aerating for more than 48 hours, and treating with high-speed flowing water;
4) and (3) third-level sand filtration treatment: firstly, performing first-stage sand filtration: small stone blocks, a 20-mesh screen and coarse sand are filtered, and then the coarse sand is filtered by a second-stage sand filter: coarse sand, 80-mesh screen, fine sand filtration, and finally third-stage sand filtration: filtering with active carbon, 150 mesh screen and fine sand;
5) adding the treated seawater into a seedling culture pond to 1.3m, adjusting the salinity to 30.0 per mill, adjusting the pH value to 8.1 and adjusting the dissolved oxygen to 5.0 mg/ml;
6) 3.0ppm of disodium ethylene diamine tetraacetate and 1.5ppm of Shuangshuiling are added.
In this embodiment, the fourth step further includes preparation of a seedling-raising initial bait SS rotifer, which specifically includes the following steps:
1) establishing a bait pool:
2 bait pools are arranged in each isolated seedling raising workshop, the area of each bait pool is 2 mu, and the water depth is 1.3 m;
2) and (3) sterilizing the bait pool:
sprinkling 50ppm bleaching powder solution in a whole pool for disinfection, aerating after 72 hours, and adding 5ppm sodium thiosulfate for neutralization treatment;
3) fertilizing: after sterilizing for 96 hours, putting 100kg of fish paste into a bait pool per mu, and taking 1.0ppm of sodium nitrate and 0.1ppm of monopotassium phosphate as fertilizers;
4) inoculating bacteria and algae:
inoculating EM (effective microorganisms), microalgae and marine yeast on the next day after the fish paste is put into the fish paste, and culturing the basic bait of SS type rotifers;
5) inoculating rotifers:
inoculating SS type rotifers when the water transparency reaches 20cm after 5 days of putting the fish paste, wherein the inoculation quantity of the SS type rotifers is 15/ml;
6) and 2-3 days after inoculation, the concentration of the SS type rotifers reaches 2500-5000/ml, and the fish fries can be collected and fed.
Example 2:
the large-scale artificial breeding method of the eleutheronema esculentum comprises the following steps:
step one, domesticating a parent Spanish mackerel:
a) selecting large-individual and strong-physique parents from a culture pond for planning and breeding the parents, wherein the male-female ratio is 1: 1;
b) the selection process needs to be operated lightly, the fish is bagged with water (a special mother fish transport bag is adopted), 1 tail of each bag is added with a foam box for packaging, the fish is transported by a vehicle, the fish is transported to a seedling raising field at the highest speed and placed in a parent cultivation pool for cultivation, the depth of the parent cultivation pool is 1.5 m, 10ppm platinum compound vitamin and 20ppm blackgrain treasure are added;
c) feeding 3 times every day, wherein the feeding time is 7: 30. 18: 30, of a nitrogen-containing gas; the feed is a special compound feed for the eleutheronema ematum, the feed is added with platinum compound vitamin accounting for 0.1 percent of the total mass, and the feeding amount of the feed is 3 percent of the weight of the parent fish;
d) changing water once every morning, wherein the water changing amount is 20 percent; putting 10ppm Heibao and 1000ml oocyst algae water quality modifier; keeping the specific gravity of the pond water at 1.016, the pH value at 8.5 and the illumination intensity at 2000 Lx;
e) frequently fishing, touching and training parent fishes, and gradually improving the domestication characteristics of parents;
step two, intensive cultivation of parent fish:
a) selecting healthy parent fish with weight of more than 1.5kg for intensive cultivation, wherein the selected female fish requires slight expansion of abdomen and good maturity, and the male fish requires white seminal fluid to flow out according to abdomen;
b) the intensive cultivation of parent fish is carried out by feeding live baits (such as clamworm and red worm) according to 3 percent of the weight of the fish every day, feeding a special compound feed for eleutheronema mackerel according to 1 percent of the weight of the fish, adding platinum composite vitamin accounting for 0.1 percent of the total mass into the feed, and feeding the feed once in the morning and at night;
c) changing water once every morning, wherein the water changing amount is 20 percent; putting 10ppm Heibao and 1000ml oocyst algae water quality modifier; keeping the specific gravity of the pond water at 1.016, the pH value at 8.5 and the illumination intensity at 2000 Lx;
step three, parent fish reproduction, spawning and hatching management:
a) after intensive cultivation, selecting mature parent fish to be placed in a hatching pond for cultivation, wherein the ratio of the male fish to the female fish is 1: 1, adjusting the salinity of water in the hatching pond to 20 per mill, the water temperature to 22 ℃, the pH value to 8.0, the nitrite content to be lower than 0.1mg/L, and the water change amount to be 120% every day;
b) collecting fertilized eggs every day, cleaning the fertilized eggs, removing dead eggs, putting the fertilized eggs into an incubation barrel, and discharging membranes after 17 hours; cleaning the hatching pond after spawning, injecting seawater, and continuously spawning and spawning the same batch of parent fishes for more than 5 months;
step four, fry rearing management:
a) putting fertilized eggs of Spanish mackerel:
selecting fertilized eggs with plump eggs, no damage or sundry adhesion; sterilizing fertilized eggs with 1.5ppm iodine solution for 10min, and then putting the fertilized eggs into a seedling pond, wherein the water temperature in the seedling pond is adjusted to 22 ℃, and the specific gravity is 1.018; the stocking density is 2.0 ten thousand grains/m3；
b) Water quality management of seedling culture:
b1) putting beneficial microorganisms, wherein the beneficial microorganisms are photosynthetic bacteria, bacillus subtilis and Chaetoceros muelleri, and the using concentration of the photosynthetic bacteria is 3 multiplied by 102cfu/ml, the use concentration of the bacillus subtilis is 125 multiplied by 1044cfu/ml, Chaetoceros muelleri concentration of 0.6 × 10/l, and water transparency of 60 cm;
b2) cleaning up the dirt at the bottom of the pool by a siphon method every day;
b3) changing water according to the change condition of water quality, wherein the water changing amount is 30cm each time, and adding 1.5ppm of disodium ethylene diamine tetraacetate and 0.5ppm of platinum combined vitamin after water changing;
c) controlling seedling temperature, dissolved oxygen and pH value:
controlling the temperature of the fertilized eggs to be 26 ℃ when the fertilized eggs are put into the pond, and then increasing the temperature by 0.5 ℃ every day until the temperature is 31 ℃ and keeping the temperature stable; continuously aerating to increase oxygen, gradually increasing dissolved oxygen from 5.0mg/ml, and keeping pH at 8.6.
d) And (3) feed feeding management:
within 2 days of putting fertilized eggs, feeding the fries with self egg yolks as nutrition, feeding SS type rotifers 2 days later, and feeding 50 rotifers per day; continuously feeding 30 SS type rotifers/ml every day after 7 days, and additionally feeding radius beetles and fairy bugs with the dosage of 30 fish fries every day; feeding the copepods and the fairy worms mainly after 10 days, and feeding the SS type rotifers and the artificial mixed feed as accessories, wherein the copepods and the fairy worms are fed 150 per day, the dosage of the SS type rotifers is 20/ml, and the dosage of the artificial mixed feed is 5 g/ten thousand per day; feeding artificial compound feed mainly 15 days later, and feeding the horns and the fairy worms as an assistant, wherein the dosage of the artificial compound feed is 50 g/ten thousand per day, and the dosage of the horns and the fairy worms is 50 per tail per day.
e) And (3) illumination control:
controlling the illumination intensity through a skylight and a side window sunshade net, controlling the illumination intensity to be 1000Lx when the fertilized eggs are put into the pond, increasing the illumination intensity to be 250Lx every day later, and finally controlling the illumination intensity to be 4000 Lx; when the weather is bad, the artificial light source can be used for supplementing insufficient light.
Step five, carrying out graded pool management on the fries:
after the fry grows to 2.0cm, the specification is gradually differentiated, and under the condition of uneven distribution, a mesh screen is used for grading, separating and culturing in separate ponds, and the method comprises the following specific steps:
a) adding the seawater subjected to the secondary sand filtration treatment into each separate culture pond, wherein the water depth is 1.2m, adding 2.0ppm of disodium ethylene diamine tetraacetate and 2.0ppm of platinum combined vitamin complex, adjusting various physical and chemical factors to be the same as those of the original culture pond, and pre-feeding the radiata or the fairy shrimp, wherein the using amount is 30 fish fries per tail;
b) and (3) classifying the fry by adopting screens of 10 meshes and 5 meshes: putting the fry less than 1.5cm into a No. 1 separate culture pond, putting the fry of 2.0-3.0 cm into a No. 2 separate culture pond, and putting the fry of more than 3cm into a No. 3 separate culture pond or directly selling the fries;
step six, fry outlet and sale:
a) the fry is cultivated for 25 days, generally reaching 3-5cm, and then the fry can emerge;
b) before emergence of seedlings, the salinity of the water body of the breeding pond is gradually adjusted according to the salinity of the water body of the breeding pond (adult fish culture pond), the salinity difference is adjusted to be not more than 5 per thousand every day, and the salinity difference between the water body of the breeding pond and the water body of the breeding pond (adult fish culture pond) is not more than 10 per thousand during emergence of seedlings;
c) stopping feeding 12 hours before emergence of seedlings;
d) putting platinum in water for seedling emergence to combine with 2ppm of vitamin complex, so as to prevent stress.
In this embodiment, the fourth step further includes comprehensive treatment of water for seedling raising, and the specific steps are as follows:
1) seawater is sequentially filtered by coarse sand, fine sand, activated carbon and a screen mesh and then pumped into a high-level reservoir, and the area of the high-level reservoir is 100m23m high;
2) carrying out dark sedimentation for more than 24 hours in the high-level reservoir;
3) chemical and physical treatment: thoroughly disinfecting with strong chlorine essence 5ppm, neutralizing with sodium thiosulfate 2.5ppm for detoxification after 24 hours, aerating for more than 48 hours, and treating with high-speed flowing water;
4) and (3) third-level sand filtration treatment: firstly, performing first-stage sand filtration: small stone blocks, a 20-mesh screen and coarse sand are filtered, and then the coarse sand is filtered by a second-stage sand filter: coarse sand, 80-mesh screen, fine sand filtration, and finally third-stage sand filtration: filtering with active carbon, 150 mesh screen and fine sand;
5) adding the treated seawater into a seedling culture pond to 1.3m, adjusting the salinity to 27.0 per mill, adjusting the pH value to 7.8 and adjusting the dissolved oxygen to 4.8 mg/ml;
6) 3.0ppm of disodium ethylene diamine tetraacetate and 1.5ppm of Shuangshuiling are added.
In this embodiment, the fourth step further includes preparation of a seedling-raising initial bait SS rotifer, which specifically includes the following steps:
1) establishing a bait pool:
2 bait pools are arranged in each isolated seedling raising workshop, the area of each bait pool is 2 mu, and the water depth is 1.3 m;
2) and (3) sterilizing the bait pool:
sprinkling 50ppm bleaching powder solution in a whole pool for disinfection, aerating after 72 hours, and adding 5ppm sodium thiosulfate for neutralization treatment;
3) fertilizing: after sterilizing for 96 hours, putting 100kg of fish paste into a bait pool per mu, and taking 1.0ppm of sodium nitrate and 0.1ppm of monopotassium phosphate as fertilizers;
4) inoculating bacteria and algae:
inoculating EM (effective microorganisms), microalgae and marine yeast on the next day after the fish paste is put into the fish paste, and culturing the basic bait of SS type rotifers;
5) inoculating rotifers:
inoculating SS type rotifers when the water transparency reaches 20cm after 5 days of putting the fish paste, wherein the inoculation quantity of the SS type rotifers is 10/ml;
6) and 2-3 days after inoculation, the concentration of the SS type rotifers reaches 2500-5000/ml, and the fish fries can be collected and fed.
Example 3:
the large-scale artificial breeding method of the eleutheronema esculentum comprises the following steps:
step one, domesticating a parent Spanish mackerel:
a) selecting large-individual and strong-physique parents from a culture pond for planning and breeding the parents, wherein the male-female ratio is 1: 1;
b) the selection process needs to be operated lightly, the fish is bagged with water (a special mother fish transport bag is adopted), 1 tail of each bag is added with a foam box for packaging, the fish is transported by a vehicle, the fish is transported to a seedling raising field at the highest speed and placed in a parent cultivation pool for cultivation, the depth of the parent cultivation pool is 1.5 m, 10ppm platinum compound vitamin and 20ppm blackgrain treasure are added;
c) feeding 3 times every day, wherein the feeding time is 7: 30. 18: 30, of a nitrogen-containing gas; the feed is a special compound feed for the eleutheronema ematum, the feed is added with platinum compound vitamin accounting for 0.1 percent of the total mass, and the feeding amount of the feed is 3 percent of the weight of the parent fish;
d) changing water once every morning, wherein the water changing amount is 40 percent; putting 10ppm Heibao and 1000ml oocyst algae water quality modifier; keeping the specific gravity of the pond water at 1.022, the pH value at 8.8 and the illumination intensity at 2000 Lx;
e) frequently fishing, touching and training parent fishes, and gradually improving the domestication characteristics of parents;
step two, intensive cultivation of parent fish:
a) selecting healthy parent fish with weight of more than 1.5kg for intensive cultivation, wherein the selected female fish requires slight expansion of abdomen and good maturity, and the male fish requires white seminal fluid to flow out according to abdomen;
b) the intensive cultivation of parent fish is carried out by feeding live baits (such as clamworm and red worm) according to 5 percent of the weight of the fish every day, feeding a special compound feed for the eleutheronema mackerel according to 2 percent of the weight of the fish, adding platinum composite vitamin accounting for 0.1 percent of the total mass into the feed, and feeding the feed once in the morning and at night;
c) changing water once every morning, wherein the water changing amount is 40 percent; putting 10ppm Heibao and 1000ml oocyst algae water quality modifier; keeping the specific gravity of the pond water at 1.022, the pH value at 8.8 and the illumination intensity at 2000 Lx;
step three, parent fish reproduction, spawning and hatching management:
a) after intensive cultivation, selecting mature parent fish to be placed in a hatching pond for cultivation, wherein the ratio of the male fish to the female fish is 1: 1, adjusting the salinity of water in a hatching pond to 26 per mill, the water temperature to 26 ℃, the pH value to 8.5, the nitrite content to be lower than 0.1mg/L, and the water change amount to be 150% per day;
b) collecting fertilized eggs every day, cleaning the fertilized eggs, removing dead eggs, putting the fertilized eggs into an incubation barrel, and discharging membranes after 24 hours; cleaning the hatching pond after spawning, injecting seawater, and continuously spawning and spawning the same batch of parent fishes for more than 5 months;
step four, fry rearing management:
a) putting fertilized eggs of Spanish mackerel:
selecting fertilized eggs with plump eggs, no damage or sundry adhesion; sterilizing fertilized eggs with 1.5ppm iodine solution for 10min, and then putting the fertilized eggs into a seedling pond, adjusting the water temperature in the seedling pond to 26 ℃, wherein the specific gravity is 1.022; the stocking density is 2.5 ten thousand grains/m3；
b) Water quality management of seedling culture:
b1) putting beneficial microorganisms, wherein the beneficial microorganisms are photosynthetic bacteria, bacillus subtilis and Chaetoceros muelleri, and the using concentration of the photosynthetic bacteria is 3 multiplied by 104cfu/ml, the use concentration of Bacillus subtilis is 135 × 104cfu/ml, Chaetoceros muelleri concentration at 1X 108Keeping the water transparency at 50cm per liter;
b2) cleaning up the dirt at the bottom of the pool by a siphon method every day;
b3) changing water according to the change condition of water quality, wherein the water changing amount is 50cm each time, and adding 1.5ppm of disodium ethylene diamine tetraacetate and 0.5ppm of platinum combined vitamin after water changing;
c) controlling seedling temperature, dissolved oxygen and pH value:
controlling the temperature of the fertilized eggs to be 26 ℃ when the fertilized eggs are put into the pond, and then increasing the temperature by 0.5 ℃ every day until the temperature is 31 ℃ and keeping the temperature stable; continuously aerating to increase oxygen, gradually increasing dissolved oxygen from 8.0mg/ml, and keeping pH at 9.0.
d) And (3) feed feeding management:
within 2 days of putting fertilized eggs, feeding the fries with self egg yolks as nutrition, feeding SS type rotifers 2 days later, and feeding 80 fish eggs/ml each day; continuously feeding 50 SS type rotifers/ml every day after 7 days, and additionally feeding radius beetles and fairy bugs with the dosage of 50 fish fries every day; feeding the copepods and the fairy worms mainly after 10 days, and feeding the SS type rotifers and the artificial mixed feed as accessories, wherein the copepods and the fairy worms are fed by 200 per tail every day, the dosage of the SS type rotifers is 30/ml, and the dosage of the artificial mixed feed is 10 g/ten thousand per day; after 15 days, feeding artificial compound feed is mainly used, and feeding the copepods and the fairy worms is used as an assistant, wherein the dosage of the artificial compound feed is 50 g/ten thousand per day, and the dosage of the copepods and the fairy worms is 100 per tail per day.
e) And (3) illumination control:
controlling the illumination intensity through a skylight and a side window sunshade net, controlling the illumination intensity to be 1000Lx when the fertilized eggs are put into the pond, increasing the illumination intensity to be 250Lx every day later, and finally controlling the illumination intensity to be 4500 Lx; when the weather is bad, the artificial light source can be used for supplementing insufficient light.
Step five, carrying out graded pool management on the fries:
after the fry grows to 2.0cm, the specification is gradually differentiated, and under the condition of uneven distribution, a mesh screen is used for grading, separating and culturing in separate ponds, and the method comprises the following specific steps:
a) adding the seawater subjected to the secondary sand filtration treatment into each separate culture pond, wherein the water depth is 1.4m, adding 2.0ppm of disodium ethylene diamine tetraacetate and 2.0ppm of platinum combined vitamin complex, adjusting various physical and chemical factors to be the same as those of the original culture pond, and pre-feeding radial horn or fairy shrimp, wherein the using amount is 40 fish fries per tail;
b) and (3) classifying the fry by adopting screens of 10 meshes and 5 meshes: putting the fry less than 1.5cm into a No. 1 separate culture pond, putting the fry of 2.0-3.0 cm into a No. 2 separate culture pond, and putting the fry of more than 3cm into a No. 3 separate culture pond or directly selling the fries;
step six, fry outlet and sale:
a) the fry is cultivated for 25 days, generally reaching 3-5cm, and then the fry can emerge;
b) before emergence of seedlings, the salinity of the water body of the breeding pond is gradually adjusted according to the salinity of the water body of the breeding pond (adult fish culture pond), the salinity difference is adjusted to be not more than 5 per thousand every day, and the salinity difference between the water body of the breeding pond and the water body of the breeding pond (adult fish culture pond) is not more than 10 per thousand during emergence of seedlings;
c) stopping feeding 12 hours before emergence of seedlings;
d) putting platinum in water for seedling emergence to combine with 2ppm of vitamin complex, so as to prevent stress.
In this embodiment, the fourth step further includes comprehensive treatment of water for seedling raising, and the specific steps are as follows:
1) seawater is sequentially filtered by coarse sand, fine sand, activated carbon and a screen mesh and then pumped into a high-level reservoir, and the area of the high-level reservoir is 100m23m high;
2) carrying out dark sedimentation for more than 24 hours in the high-level reservoir;
3) chemical and physical treatment: thoroughly disinfecting with strong chlorine essence 5ppm, neutralizing with sodium thiosulfate 2.5ppm for detoxification after 24 hours, aerating for more than 48 hours, and treating with high-speed flowing water;
4) and (3) third-level sand filtration treatment: firstly, performing first-stage sand filtration: small stone blocks, a 20-mesh screen and coarse sand are filtered, and then the coarse sand is filtered by a second-stage sand filter: coarse sand, 80-mesh screen, fine sand filtration, and finally third-stage sand filtration: filtering with active carbon, 150 mesh screen and fine sand;
5) adding the treated seawater into a seedling culture pond to 1.3m, adjusting the salinity to 32.3 per mill, adjusting the pH value to 8.5 and adjusting the dissolved oxygen to 5.3 mg/ml;
6) 3.0ppm of disodium ethylene diamine tetraacetate and 1.5ppm of Shuangshuiling are added.
In this embodiment, the fourth step further includes preparation of a seedling-raising initial bait SS rotifer, which specifically includes the following steps:
1) establishing a bait pool:
2 bait pools are arranged in each isolated seedling raising workshop, the area of each bait pool is 2 mu, and the water depth is 1.3 m;
2) and (3) sterilizing the bait pool:
sprinkling 50ppm bleaching powder solution in a whole pool for disinfection, aerating after 72 hours, and adding 5ppm sodium thiosulfate for neutralization treatment;
3) fertilizing: after sterilizing for 96 hours, putting 100kg of fish paste into a bait pool per mu, and taking 1.0ppm of sodium nitrate and 0.1ppm of monopotassium phosphate as fertilizers;
4) inoculating bacteria and algae:
inoculating EM (effective microorganisms), microalgae and marine yeast on the next day after the fish paste is put into the fish paste, and culturing the basic bait of SS type rotifers;
5) inoculating rotifers:
inoculating SS type rotifers when the water transparency reaches 20cm after 5 days of putting the fish paste, wherein the inoculation quantity of the SS type rotifers is 20/ml;
6) and 2-3 days after inoculation, the concentration of the SS type rotifers reaches 2500-5000/ml, and the fish fries can be collected and fed.
Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and not for limiting the protection scope of the present invention, and although the present invention is described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made on the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. A large-scale artificial breeding method of eleutheronema esculentum is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
step one, domesticating a parent Spanish mackerel:
a) selecting large-individual and strong-physique parents from a culture pond for planning and breeding the parents, wherein the male-female ratio is 1: 1;
b) the selection process needs to be operated lightly, the bags are packed with water, 1 tail of each bag is packed with a foam box, the bags are transported by a vehicle and transported to a seedling raising field at the highest speed and placed in a parent cultivation pool for cultivation, the parent cultivation pool is 1.5 m deep in water, 10ppm of platinum composite vitamin and 20ppm of black particle are put in;
c) feeding 3 times every day, wherein the feeding time is 7: 30. 18: 30, of a nitrogen-containing gas; the feed is a special compound feed for the eleutheronema ematum, the feed is added with platinum compound vitamin accounting for 0.1 percent of the total mass, and the feeding amount of the feed is 3 percent of the weight of the parent fish;
d) changing water once every morning, wherein the water changing amount is 20-40%; putting 10ppm Heibao and 1000ml oocyst algae water quality modifier; keeping the specific weight of the pond water between 1.016 and 1.022, the pH value between 8.5 and 8.8 and the illumination intensity of 2000 Lx;
e) frequently fishing, touching and training parent fishes, and gradually improving the domestication characteristics of parents;
step two, intensive cultivation of parent fish:
a) selecting healthy parent fish with weight of more than 1.5kg for intensive cultivation, wherein the selected female fish requires slight expansion of abdomen and good maturity, and the male fish requires white seminal fluid to flow out according to abdomen;
b) feeding live baits accounting for 3-5% of the weight of the parent fish every day, feeding a special compound feed for the eleutheronema mackerel accounting for 1-2% of the weight of the parent fish, adding platinum composite vitamin accounting for 0.1% of the total mass into the feed, and feeding the feed once in the morning and at night;
c) changing water once every morning, wherein the water changing amount is 20-40%; putting 10ppm Heibao and 1000ml oocyst algae water quality modifier; keeping the specific weight of the pond water between 1.016 and 1.022, the pH value between 8.5 and 8.8 and the illumination intensity of 2000 Lx;
step three, parent fish reproduction, spawning and hatching management:
a) after intensive cultivation, selecting mature parent fish to be placed in a hatching pond for cultivation, wherein the ratio of the male fish to the female fish is 1: 1, adjusting the salinity of water in the incubation pool to be 20-26 per thousand, the water temperature to be 22-26 ℃, the pH value to be 8.0-8.5, the nitrite content to be lower than 0.1mg/L, and the water change amount to be 120-150% per day;
b) collecting fertilized eggs every day, cleaning the fertilized eggs, removing dead eggs, putting the fertilized eggs into an incubation barrel, and taking out membranes after 17-24 hours; cleaning the hatching pond after spawning, injecting seawater, and continuously spawning and spawning the same batch of parent fishes for more than 5 months;
step four, fry rearing management:
a) putting fertilized eggs of Spanish mackerel:
selecting fertilized eggs with plump eggs, no damage or sundry adhesion; fertilized eggSterilizing with 1.5ppm iodine solution for 10min, and adding into seedling pond, adjusting water temperature to 22-26 deg.C, and specific gravity to 1.018-1.022; the stocking density is 2.0-2.5 ten thousand grains/m3；
b) Water quality management of seedling culture:
b1) putting beneficial microorganisms, wherein the beneficial microorganisms are photosynthetic bacteria, bacillus subtilis and Chaetoceros muelleri, and the using concentration of the photosynthetic bacteria is 3 multiplied by 102～3×104cfu/ml, the use concentration of the bacillus subtilis is 125 multiplied by 104～135×104cfu/ml, Chaetoceros muelleri concentration at 0.6X 108～1×108Keeping the water transparency at 50-60 cm per liter;
b2) cleaning up the dirt at the bottom of the pool by a siphon method every day;
b3) changing water according to the change condition of water quality, wherein the water changing amount is 30-50 cm each time, and adding 1.5ppm of disodium ethylene diamine tetraacetate and 0.5ppm of platinum combined vitamin after water changing;
c) controlling seedling temperature, dissolved oxygen and pH value:
controlling the temperature of the fertilized eggs to be 26 ℃ when the fertilized eggs are put into the pond, and then increasing the temperature by 0.5 ℃ every day until the temperature is 31 ℃ and keeping the temperature stable; continuously aerating for increasing oxygen, gradually increasing the dissolved oxygen from 5.0-8.0 mg/ml, and keeping the pH value at 8.6-9.0;
d) and (3) feed feeding management:
within 2 days of putting fertilized eggs, feeding the fries with self egg yolks as nutrition, feeding SS type rotifers 2 days later, and feeding 50-80 rotifers per day; continuously feeding 30-50 SS type rotifers per ml every day after 7 days, and additionally feeding radius beetles and fairy bugs with the dosage of 30-50 fish fries per day; feeding the copepods and the fairy worms mainly after 10 days, and feeding the SS type rotifers and the artificial mixed feed as accessories, wherein the copepods and the fairy worms are fed 150-200 per tail every day, the dosage of the SS type rotifers is 20-30/ml, and the dosage of the artificial mixed feed is 5-10 g/ten thousand per tail every day; feeding artificial compound feed mainly 15 days later, and feeding the horns and the fairy worms secondarily, wherein the amount of the artificial compound feed is 50 g/ten thousand per day, and the amount of the horns and the fairy worms is 50-100 per tail per day;
e) and (3) illumination control:
controlling the illumination intensity through a skylight and a side window sunshade net, controlling the illumination intensity to be 1000Lx when the fertilized eggs are put into a pond, increasing the illumination intensity by 250Lx every day, and finally controlling the illumination intensity to be 4000-4500 Lx; when the weather is bad, the artificial light source can be used for supplementing insufficient light;
step five, carrying out graded pool management on the fries:
after the fry grows to 2.0cm, the specification is gradually differentiated, and under the condition of uneven distribution, a mesh screen is used for grading, separating and culturing in separate ponds, and the method comprises the following specific steps:
a) adding the seawater subjected to secondary sand filtration treatment into each separate culture pond, wherein the water depth is 1.2-1.4 m, adding 2.0ppm of disodium ethylene diamine tetraacetate and 2.0ppm of platinum combined vitamin complex, adjusting various physical and chemical factors to be the same as those of the original culture pond, and pre-feeding radial horn or fairy shrimp, wherein the using amount is 30-40 fish fries per tail;
b) and (3) classifying the fry by adopting screens of 10 meshes and 5 meshes: putting the fry less than 1.5cm into a No. 1 separate culture pond, putting the fry of 2.0-3.0 cm into a No. 2 separate culture pond, and putting the fry of more than 3cm into a No. 3 separate culture pond or directly selling the fries;
step six, fry outlet and sale:
a) the fry is cultivated for 25 days, generally reaching 3-5cm, and then the fry can emerge;
b) before seedling emergence, the salinity of the water body of the seedling raising pond is gradually adjusted according to the salinity of the water body of the stocking pond, the salinity difference is adjusted to be not more than 5 per thousand every day, and the salinity difference between the water body of the seedling raising pond and the water body of the stocking pond is not more than 10 per thousand during seedling emergence;
c) stopping feeding 12 hours before emergence of seedlings;
d) putting platinum in water for seedling emergence to combine with 2ppm of vitamin complex, so as to prevent stress.
2. The large-scale artificial breeding method of eleutheronema mackerel according to claim 1, characterized in that: the fourth step also comprises the comprehensive treatment of the water for seedling culture, and the specific steps are as follows:
1) seawater is sequentially filtered by coarse sand, fine sand, activated carbon and a screen mesh and then pumped into a high-level reservoir, and the area of the high-level reservoir is 100m23m high;
2) carrying out dark sedimentation for more than 24 hours in the high-level reservoir;
3) chemical and physical treatment: thoroughly disinfecting with strong chlorine essence 5ppm, neutralizing with sodium thiosulfate 2.5ppm for detoxification after 24 hours, aerating for more than 48 hours, and treating with high-speed flowing water;
4) and (3) third-level sand filtration treatment: firstly, performing first-stage sand filtration: small stone blocks, a 20-mesh screen and coarse sand are filtered, and then the coarse sand is filtered by a second-stage sand filter: coarse sand, 80-mesh screen, fine sand filtration, and finally third-stage sand filtration: filtering with active carbon, 150 mesh screen and fine sand;
5) adding the treated seawater into a seedling culture pond to 1.3m, adjusting the salinity to 27.0-32.3 per mill, controlling the pH value to 7.8-8.5 and controlling the dissolved oxygen to be 4.8-5.3 mg/ml;
6) 3.0ppm of disodium ethylene diamine tetraacetate and 1.5ppm of Shuangshuiling are added.
3. The large-scale artificial breeding method of eleutheronema mackerel according to claim 1, characterized in that: the fourth step also comprises the preparation of a seedling-raising initial bait SS rotifer, which comprises the following steps:
1) establishing a bait pool:
2 bait pools are arranged in each isolated seedling raising workshop, the area of each bait pool is 2 mu, and the water depth is 1.3 m;
2) and (3) sterilizing the bait pool:
sprinkling 50ppm bleaching powder solution in a whole pool for disinfection, aerating after 72 hours, and adding 5ppm sodium thiosulfate for neutralization treatment;
3) fertilizing: after sterilizing for 96 hours, putting 100kg of fish paste into a bait pool per mu, and taking 1.0ppm of sodium nitrate and 0.1ppm of monopotassium phosphate as fertilizers;
4) inoculating bacteria and algae:
inoculating EM (effective microorganisms), microalgae and marine yeast on the next day after the fish paste is put into the fish paste, and culturing the basic bait of SS type rotifers;
5) inoculating rotifers:
inoculating SS type rotifers when the water transparency reaches 20cm after 5 days of putting the fish paste, wherein the inoculation quantity of the SS type rotifers is 10-20/ml;
6) and 2-3 days after inoculation, the concentration of the SS type rotifers reaches 2500-5000/ml, and the fish fries can be collected and fed.
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| CN111820156B (en) * | 2020-05-28 | 2022-09-16 | 中国水产科学研究院南海水产研究所 | Method for continuously collecting large amount of eggs in eleutheronema tetradactylum pond |
| CN111820155A (en) * | 2020-05-28 | 2020-10-27 | 中国水产科学研究院南海水产研究所 | Pond culture method of eleutheronema tetradactylum |
| CN112042567B (en) * | 2020-07-29 | 2022-09-16 | 中国水产科学研究院南海水产研究所 | All-season cultivation method for parent fish of marine fishes |
| CN112042569A (en) * | 2020-08-11 | 2020-12-08 | 中国水产科学研究院南海水产研究所 | High-strength selecting and retaining construction method for high-quality parent population of eleutheronema tetradactylum |
| CN113796341B (en) * | 2021-10-20 | 2022-07-29 | 中国水产科学研究院南海水产研究所 | Land-pond relay large-scale pond ecological breeding technology for eleutheronema tetradactylum |
| CN114503938A (en) * | 2022-01-12 | 2022-05-17 | 黑龙江北鱼渔业科技有限公司 | Fry artificial breeding and cultivating method |
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