CN111820156B - Method for continuously collecting large amount of eggs in eleutheronema tetradactylum pond - Google Patents
Method for continuously collecting large amount of eggs in eleutheronema tetradactylum pond Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/10—Culture of aquatic animals of fish
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/10—Culture of aquatic animals of fish
- A01K61/17—Hatching, e.g. incubators
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Farming Of Fish And Shellfish (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a method for continuously collecting eggs in a eleutheronema tetradactylum pond in large quantity, which comprises the following steps: (1) selecting parent fish: selecting, reserving and culturing a parent fish population of eleutheronemate tetradactylum every year to form a parent fish echelon of more than 1 to 5 years old; (2) the prenatal intensive cultivation and management of parent fishes; (3) ripening parent fish: adjusting the salinity of pond water 1.5-2 months before the breeding season, performing salinization culture on parent fish, and stimulating gonad development and maturation and natural spawning of the parent fish; (4) egg collection: and (5) observing the fish shoal dynamics, and continuously collecting the fish after spawning by using an egg collecting net. The method for continuously collecting a large number of eggs of eleutheronemate tetradactylum in a pond belongs to an in-situ breeding method, avoids injuries and deaths caused by impatience of eleutheronemate tetradactylum and sensitivity to environmental stress, preserves high survival rate and repeated utilization rate of reproductive groups, and obtains a large number of fertilized eggs.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of fish culture, and particularly relates to a method for continuously collecting eggs in a eleutheronema tetradactylum pond in a large quantity.
Background
Eleutheronema tetradactylum (eleutheronema tetradactylum) is commonly called as Mayou, bamboo shoot, fish at noon, Chatiao and the like, is distributed in western parts of Indian ocean and Pacific ocean, is produced by coastal areas in China, and is mostly in the south. Marine fishes in tropical and temperate zones sometimes enter fresh water. The fish grows rapidly, the meat quality is tender and delicious, the culture space and the consumer groups are huge, and the economic prospect is good.
In the production practice of the seedlings, the operation stress is an inevitable stress factor of fishes and comprises a plurality of links such as water changing, dirt absorbing, net pulling, catching, leaving, transporting and the like, and the operation often causes certain stress on the fish body, further causes a series of stress reactions of the metabolism, the endocrine, the immune system and the like of the fish body, and causes great negative effects of physical injury and death on the fishes, particularly the eleutherous equine Spanish fishes and the like. The method has the advantages of innovating production technology, preserving high survival rate and repeated utilization rate of reproductive populations, creating favorable conditions for the development of Spanish mackerel germchit towards high efficiency and sustainability, and is the aim of being researched by the industry at present.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for continuously collecting a large amount of eggs in a eleutheronemate tetradactylum pond, and solves the problems that the existing eleutheronemate tetradactylum is stressed to cause high loss rate of parent fish groups and cannot obtain large quantities of high-quality fertilized eggs.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a method for continuously collecting eggs in a eleutheronema tetradactylum pond in large quantity comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting parent fish: selecting, reserving and culturing a parent fish population of eleutheronemate tetradactylum every year to form a parent fish echelon of more than 1 to 5 years old;
(2) the prenatal intensive cultivation and management of parent fishes;
(3) ripening parent fish: adjusting the salinity of pond water 1.5-2 months before the breeding season, performing salinization culture on parent fish, and stimulating gonad development and maturation and natural spawning of the parent fish;
(4) egg collection: and (5) observing the fish shoal dynamics, and continuously collecting the fish after spawning by using an egg collecting net.
In the step (1), selecting, reserving and breeding are to select individuals with normal body types, strong and lively movement and no damage to the body surface, continuously select, prefer to discard and directionally select.
In the step (1), the stocking density per mu of parent fish is 150-200 kg.
The number of the parent fish echelon groups in the step (1) reaches more than 1500.
The method comprises the following specific steps of (2) pre-natal intensive cultivation of parent fish:
(1) diluting with chlorine dioxide, and sterilizing and killing germs in the whole tank;
(2) treating the pond water by using a composite microbial substrate modifier;
(3) storing parent fishes of different ages in the same water pool for mixed female and male culture;
(4) and (4) fishing the adult fish before winter to breed parent fish.
In the step (3), the salinity of the pond water is increased by 4-5 per thousand per week and gradually increased to 26-30 per thousand. By increasing the salinity of pond water, the method simulates the migration process of reproductive colony of Spanish mackerel from low-salinity coastal water area to high-salinity water area in the open sea in the breeding season, and stimulates the development of gonad of parent fish
Further, adjusting pond water salinity employs high salinity seawater drawn from open sea. The salinity of the open sea high salinity seawater is generally 35 per thousand.
The high salinity seawater is subjected to sand filtration, sedimentation and aeration before being introduced into the fish pond.
And (4) in the step (3), the internal circulation of pool water flow is kept in the process of parent fish salinization cultivation, the speed of circulating water is 0.4-0.6M/s, and the micro-flow water state is kept.
In the process of the salinization cultivation of the parent fish in the step (3), floating pellet feed is fed, meanwhile, fresh or frozen prawns and shellfishes are fed additionally every day, the feeding rate is 1-3% of the total weight of the parent fish, and fortifiers vitamin A, C, E and fish oil are mixed into the feed, and the adding amount is 0.33% of the total weight of the parent fish; feeding the chickens once every day at 8 am and 4 pm.
The step (4) of continuously collecting the eggs by using an egg collecting net comprises the following specific steps: a filter screen is arranged in the pool, and a waterwheel is used outside a mesh opening to make water flow, so that the eggs flow into the mesh bag along the water flow direction to collect the eggs.
Further, roe was collected every morning.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the method for continuously collecting a large number of eggs of eleutheronemate tetradactylum in a pond belongs to an in-situ breeding method, avoids injuries and deaths caused by impatience of eleutheronemate tetradactylum and sensitivity to environmental stress, preserves high survival rate and repeated utilization rate of reproductive groups, and obtains a large number of fertilized eggs.
(2) The method selects, screens and reserves high-quality individuals with fast growth and large body size as backup parent fishes year by year from the current fish to form an age echelon, can meet the sex requirement of fry breeding on parent fish groups, promotes the gonad of the parent fishes to mature by simulating the migration environment of parent fish breeding seasons and feeding corresponding reinforcers, and naturally spawns to improve the quantity and quality of fertilized eggs.
(3) The method for continuously collecting the large amount of eggs in the eleutheronema tetradactylum pond has the advantages of simple and practical production facility structure, convenience in operation and labor saving.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further described below in conjunction with specific examples to better understand and implement the technical solutions of the present invention for those skilled in the art. In the examples, the complex microbial substrate modifier was obtained from Xinhaisheng Biotech, Inc., Guangzhou.
A method for continuously collecting eggs in a eleutheronema tetradactylum pond in large quantity comprises the following steps:
(1) preparation and preparation of cultivation facilities
a. Digging a rectangular soil pond with a sandy mud bottom outdoors, wherein the east-west direction is 1.5-2 mu, the height of the pond is 1-1.5 m, the bottom of the pond is flat, rubber mulching films are paved on the bottom and the wall of the pond, the pond is inclined in a pot shape and is gentle, a gate is arranged at one side close to a river channel, a main channel is arranged at a connecting gate opening, the tail end of the main channel is forked into a Y shape, the main channel is 50 cm deeper than the bottom of the pond, and the width of the main channel is about 3 m. The soil pond requires convenient water intake and drainage, and the surrounding areas of the culture area have no industrial and domestic polluted water sources.
The parent fish pond is generally cleared once every year, and mainly aims to clear excessive sludge, level and reinforce the pond base, clear away wild living things, disinfect the fish pond and kill pathogens and the like.
b. Each parent fish pond is independently provided with a 4-inch submersible pump, an automatic feed throwing machine and 3 impeller waterwheel type automatic aerators.
c. A shed frame with a timber pile and beam structure is built above the single pond, a plastic film heat-preservation shed can be laid above the soil pond in winter, and the temperature in the shed is kept at 18-23 ℃.
(2) Selecting parent fish
a. Reserve parent fish are selected from a variety of sources: including fingerlings captured from natural sea areas, or fingerlings introduced overseas.
b. When harvested every year, individuals with normal, strong, swimming lively and no body surface injury are selected from the captured fish stocks.
c. The method is characterized in that parent fishes are selected and retained every year, continuous selection, preferential abandon and directional breeding are performed, individuals with poor breeding force, weak body and ill injury are eliminated continuously, new parent fishes are supplemented, an age platoon with the age of more than 1 to 5 is formed, and the population number reaches more than 1500.
(3) Prenatal intensive cultivation and management
a. Directly disinfecting hairtails in the culture process: after the chlorine dioxide disinfectant is diluted by pond water every half month, uniformly splashing the chlorine dioxide disinfectant in the whole pond, wherein the dosage is 80-100 g/mu, and the chlorine dioxide disinfectant is used for disinfecting and killing pathogenic bacteria in the fishpond and improving the anoxic condition in the pond.
b. The composite microbial substrate modifier is used for decomposing and eliminating hidden troubles of substrate deterioration caused by residual baits, excrement, animal and plant corpses and the like, various substrate modifiers are strictly used according to the specification, an aerator is started for 1-2 hours in advance before use, and the substrate modifier is prevented from being used in high-temperature rainy seasons.
c. The stocking of parent fishes is combined with the fishing of the parent fishes before winter, and at the moment, the water temperature is lower, and the fishing and the transportation are not easy to injure. Storing parent fishes of different ages in the same water pool for mixed female and male culture; the parent fish used for breeding is stocked at a density of 150-200 kg per mu by weight.
(4) Ripening acceleration of parent fish
Adjusting the salinity of the pond water 1.5-2 months before the breeding season, performing salinization culture on parent fish cultured in fresh water or saline water, and gradually increasing the salinity of the pond water to be 4-5 per mill and 26-30 per mill every week; simulating the migration process of the reproductive colony of the eleutheronema tetragonolobus from a low-salinity offshore water area to an external high-salinity water area in a breeding season, and stimulating the gonad development of the parent fish.
a. The high salinity is extracted from open sea by a ship, the salinity of the seawater of the open sea is generally 35 per mill, and the seawater is transported back to a culture base.
b. Drilling a deep well in a base, and pumping underground salt water.
c. The natural sea water and the underground salt water need to be subjected to sand filtration, sedimentation and aeration before being introduced into the fishpond. The salt water from the 2 sources is mixed for use, so that the production cost is reduced.
3 waterwheel type oxygen increasing machines are arranged along the diagonal line of each pond, and the switch is started to form the inner circulation of the water flow of the pond. And (3) keeping the water flow internal circulation of the pond in the parent fish salinization cultivation process, adjusting the speed of circulating water to be about 0.4-0.6M/s, and keeping the micro-flow water state. When feeding floating pellet feed, fresh or frozen prawn and shellfish are fed daily at a feeding rate of 1-3% of the total weight of parent fish, and at the same time, vitamins A, C, E and fish oil are mixed into the feed, and the addition amount is about 0.33% of the total weight of parent fish. Feeding the chickens once every day at 8 am and 4 pm. The growth of gonads of the parent fish is promoted by adding the enhancer, the reproductive performance of the parent fish is improved, the quality of fertilized eggs and the quality of larval fish are improved, and the vitamins are generally commercial compound vitamins.
(5) Egg collection device
a. Closely paying attention to the dynamic state of fish, when male fish chasing female fish is observed, obvious ripples and vortexes are formed on the water surface, and spawning can be carried out after half an hour.
b. 2 nets with meshes of 60-80 are preset in each fish pond, and a waterwheel type aerator is used outside a net port to produce water flow so that eggs flow into the egg collecting net bag along the water flow direction.
c. Collecting roe once a day, putting the tail end of the roe collecting net into a plastic basin containing an original pond during operation, untying a rope to allow the roe to enter the basin, and then sending the roe collecting basin to a pond base for treatment.
d. During the spawning period of the parent fish group, the parent fish does not move around the spawning pond, and the lamp or the noise is not turned on, so that the parent fish is prevented from being frightened to influence the rear-end collision, the oestrus and the spawning fertilization of the parent fish.
The pond provided by the invention can be used for artificially cultivating mature parent fish colonies of eleutheronema tetradactylum, and the breeding season can be started from middle April to middle November. The egg laying amount can be 2-3 kg per day in the average early stage of propagation, and 5-6 kg in the full-term of propagation; the hatching rate of eggs is 70-88% in the early and late stages of reproduction, and the full period of reproduction can reach 85-95%.
The above embodiments are described in detail for different implementations of the present invention, but the implementation manner of the present invention is not limited thereto, and those skilled in the art can achieve the object of the present invention based on the disclosure of the present invention, and any modifications and variations based on the concept of the present invention fall within the protection scope of the present invention, and the specific protection scope is subject to the claims.
Claims (2)
1. A method for continuously collecting eggs of eleutheronema tetradactylum in a large quantity in a pond is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) selecting parent fish: selecting, reserving and culturing a parent fish population of eleutheronemate tetradactylum every year to form a parent fish echelon of more than 1 to 5 years old;
(2) the prenatal intensive cultivation and management of parent fishes;
(3) ripening parent fish: adjusting the salinity of pond water 1.5-2 months before the breeding season, performing salinization culture on parent fish, and stimulating gonad development and maturation and natural spawning of the parent fish;
(4) egg collection: observing the fish shoal dynamics, and continuously collecting the fish shoal by using an egg collecting net after spawning;
in the step (3), the salinity of the pond water is increased by 4-5 per mill every week and gradually increased to 26-30 per mill;
the step (4) of continuously collecting the eggs by using an egg collecting net comprises the following specific steps: placing a filter screen in the pool, and making water flow outside a net opening by using a waterwheel to enable eggs to flow into a mesh bag along the water flow direction for egg collection; collecting roe every morning; putting the tail end of the egg collecting net into a plastic basin filled with original pond water, untying a rope to enable fish eggs to enter the basin, and then conveying the eggs to an incubation chamber with water;
in the step (3), the internal circulation of pool water flow is kept in the process of parent fish salinization cultivation, the speed of circulating water is 0.4-0.6M/s, and the micro-flow water state is kept;
in the process of salting and cultivating the parent fish in the step (3), feeding floating pellet feed, and simultaneously, additionally feeding fresh or frozen prawns and shellfishes every day, wherein the feeding rate is 1-3% of the total weight of the parent fish, adding an enhancer of vitamin A, C, E and fish oil into the feed, the adding amount is 0.33% of the total weight of the parent fish, and feeding once every day at 8 am and 4 pm;
in the step (1), parent fishes are selected, kept and stocked, and the stocking density per mu is 150-200 kg;
the number of parent fish echelon groups in the step (1) reaches more than 1500;
the method comprises the following specific steps of (2) pre-natal intensive cultivation of parent fish:
(1) diluting with chlorine dioxide, and sterilizing and killing germs in the whole tank;
(2) treating the pond water by using a composite microbial substrate modifier;
(3) storing parent fishes of different ages in the same water pool for mixed female and male culture;
(4) and (4) fishing the adult fish before winter to breed parent fish.
2. The method for continuously collecting eggs in a pond of eleutheronemate tetradactylum according to claim 1, wherein the adjusting of the salinity of the pond water is performed by using high salinity seawater extracted from open sea; the high salinity seawater is subjected to sand filtration, sedimentation and aeration before being introduced into the fish pond.
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| CN202010465548.9A CN111820156B (en) | 2020-05-28 | 2020-05-28 | Method for continuously collecting large amount of eggs in eleutheronema tetradactylum pond |
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| CN202010465548.9A CN111820156B (en) | 2020-05-28 | 2020-05-28 | Method for continuously collecting large amount of eggs in eleutheronema tetradactylum pond |
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| CN111820156B true CN111820156B (en) | 2022-09-16 |
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| CN101461334B (en) * | 2007-12-17 | 2010-12-08 | 中国水产科学研究院东海水产研究所 | Method for obtaining normal mature sperm of eel |
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