CN102835335A - Efficient ecological method for breeding rachycentron canadum in deep-water anti-wave cage - Google Patents
Efficient ecological method for breeding rachycentron canadum in deep-water anti-wave cage Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses an efficient ecological method for breeding rachycentron canadum in a deep-water anti-wave cage; the method comprises the following steps: (1) selection of a breeding sea area; (2) cage and supporting facilities; (3) selection, transportation and stocking of fingerlings; (4) a bait feeding technology; and (5) feeding management. Compared with the traditional breeding methods, such as inner bay fish row breeding, the efficient ecological method for breeding the rachycentron canadum in the deep-water anti-wave cage, disclosed by the invention, has the advantages as follows: a sea area breeding space is expanded; an inner bay sea area environment is protected; and high survival rate of bred rachycentron canadum, low bait coefficient, high growing speed, short breeding period, small breeding risk, high yield of pollution-free rachycentron canadum, good quality, good mouthfeel and the like are achieved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of cobio cultural method in the culture fishery, especially relate to a kind of cobio deep water wind wave resistance net cage ecological efficient cultural method in the open sea area of South China Sea, belong to agriculture aquaculture Mesichthyes aquatic biological cultural technique field.
Background technology
Cobio (Rachycentron canadum) is commonly called as Cobia, sea otter fish etc.; Be under the jurisdiction of Osteichthyes (Osteichthyes) Perciformes (Perciformes); Cobio section (Rachycentridae), cobio belongs to (Rachycentron), is medium-sized water warm seawater fish; Be distributed in tropical waters such as the Pacific Ocean, the Atlantic Ocean and the Indian Ocean, in the Sanya of China, all there is distribution in southern sea area such as North Sea, Taiwan.Cobio has fast growth, individual big, characteristics such as premunition is strong, output is high, delicious flavour, nutritive value height, and the culture benefit and the market advantage are obvious, have become one of main object of southern china mariculture at present.
Cobio is cultured plank formula steck small-sized net cage and these the two kinds of breed patterns of deep water mesh cage of mainly containing at present.Conventional wood panels formula steck small-sized net cage since abilities such as wind resistance and anti-high seas torrent a little less than, therefore be in the layout of ocean current and less inner bay and the offshore sea area of stormy waves more.At present, because scale is cultured in the sea area blind expansion of the most inner bay offshore of southern china, cause a large amount of net cages in culture zone to distribute in flakes, net cage density is too high, and current are not smooth, cause anoxic easily; Adding raisers' VHD cultures and ice fresh bait material and the feed of throwing something and feeding for a long time; Cause a large amount of residual baits to be deposited in marine; Form melanism mud; Be accompanied by entering in a large number of a large amount of industrial and domestic waste waters in addition, make breed sea area water pollution become more serious, these all become disease and spread unchecked the inducement that takes place with red tide.The sea area is seriously polluted because inner bay is cultured, and disease takes place frequently, and the abuse that this has just caused a large amount of antibiotic etc makes the cobio fishy smell of forming heavy, and the build hypertrophy is too fat to move, and meat taste is poor, and medicament residue is serious, and traction is low, and selling price is comparatively cheap.It is reported 4-8 month in 2012; The inner bay cobio small-sized net cage on ground such as Hainan and Zhanjiang is cultured owing to the influence that receives disease and red tide is suffered heavy losses; Direct economic loss has just reached more than 5,000 ten thousand yuans, and many raisers pay for to such an extent that can't regain one's original capital, and gives a lesson to very deep.
In recent years, cobio deep water wind wave resistance net cage aquaculture model quietly rises, because this kind breed pattern has the characteristics such as restriction of natural environments such as not receiving typhoon, the depth of water, just more and more comes into one's own.Because the hazard-affected ability of deep water mesh cage is strong, many layouts do not receive the influence of disasters such as the light stream of inner bay, pollution from land-based sources and red tide in offshore open marine site far away; Can not cause self-pollution; Can anti-violent typhoon and than the attack of high sea, the cobio growth with breed is fast, disease is few, survival rate is high, and output is high; Meat taste is good, the economic benefit advantages of higher.And the pattern that the deep water wind wave resistance net cage is cultured can reduce investment risk effectively, and the culturing area of net cage is expanded to unlimited sea area, is highly suitable for the coastal and wide marine site, the South Sea of China and promotes the use of.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of efficiently, ecological cobio deep water wind wave resistance net cage healthy aquaculture method; Compare with traditional cultural methods such as inner bay steck breed; Having expanded the marine site cultures space, protection inner bay marine environment, cultures survival rate height, low, the fast growth of feed coefficient; Shortened the cycle of forming, reduced the breed risk, and obtained that non-harmful cobio output is high, the quality mouthfeel is good.
To achieve these goals, technical scheme of the present invention is: a kind of cobio deep water wind wave resistance net cage ecological efficient cultural method is provided, and it may further comprise the steps:
1, cultures the selection in sea area
The breed sea area should be chosen in the islands and reefs barrier, wind sheltering is effective, and stormy waves is less, and trend is unobstructed, and underwater gradient is less, water quality is limpid, nutritive salt is abundant, and seawater flows to straight and stable, the pollution-free open sea area that the depth of water 15 m are above.Water quality index should meet fully that cobio cultures that growth requires and National standard " agricultural product security quality--requirement of aquatic products home environment " and Ministry of Agriculture's standard " pollution-free food--aquaculture water water quality ".
2, net cage and auxiliary facility
2.1 the deep water wind wave resistance net cage requires: the deep water wind wave resistance net cage should partly be made up of net cage frame structure, net cage buoyant device, cage netting, etting stabilising arrangement and net cage fixture etc.Characteristics such as these compositions should have smooth surface, shock resistance, uvioresistant, the life-span is long, intensity is high, pliability is good, corrosion-resistant.Net cage should have the typhoon that can resist 12 grades and the ability of the above billow of high 5 m.Net cage be square or circle all can, girth is advisable between 25-60 m, the etting degree of depth should be greater than 6 m.
2.2 deep water mesh cage setting: the deep water mesh cage culture zone is provided with area should can support 15% of area less than the marine site, and deep water mesh cage should be more than 500 m apart from the bank.Deep water mesh cage is laid and can (being fit to Square Net-cage) be set a plurality of net cage netting row formula structures; Also can lay fixedly distributing setting of single net cage single-point (being fit to circular net cage).If with a plurality of net cage netting row structures, net cage is arranged should be by the parallel laying of Parallel to the flow direction, answer the above width of spacing 100 m between net row and the net row, same row nets and answers between the adjacent net cage more than spacing 3 m; If with the fixedly distributing setting of single net cage single-point, then be advisable more than net cage spacing 40 m.
2.3 auxiliary facility: comprise produce and life management platform, generating set, large-scalely freeze the storehouse, transport big ship, work canoe, bait processing unit, height compress and wash net machine, disease checkout equipment, water quality detection equipment etc.
3, seed is selected, transports and put in a suitable place to breed
3.1 seed is selected: should select that germplasm is good, physique is healthy and strong, the fingerling of no sick and wounded, neat specification, specification being advisable between 500-1500g.Because it is very serious that the cobio seed kills and devour phenomenon each other, should strict select consistent together the putting in a suitable place to breed of specification when selecting seed, to reduce because of killing and devouring the loss that causes each other.
3.2 seed transportation: before preparing the transportation seed, to implement seed quantity, loading and unloading personnel and transportation ship, the water temperature of GPRS seed port of shipment and arrival point and weather conditions, and carry out maintenance, cleaning and the disinfection of perforated ship.Fry should stop eating 12 hours before starting shipment, and the perforated ship traffic density is 50-100 tail/m
3Because cobio requires high to dissolved oxygen; So in the process of transportation, will use towards the oxygen pump uninterruptedly towards oxygen, the fortune fish is advisable to start shipment during 6-9 morning, like long-distance transport above 20 hours; The bait of then will throwing something and feeding halfway; Make fry can eat 3-5 and become full, otherwise fry can bait when hungry each other, cause the injured bacterial infection that causes.
3.3 seed is put in a suitable place to breed: after seed transports the deep water mesh cage cultivation base to, must use fresh water to carry out soaking disinfection immediately, the time is about 6 minutes, fry is moved in the deep water mesh cage raise then.When being the 500g/ tail like the seed size of throwing in, breeding density is 6 tails/m
3Put seedling and can throw something and feed after 6 hours, throwing something and feeding for the first time only to let fish eat 5 one-tenth full getting final product.
4, bait is thrown the technology of raising
Cobio is a predacious fish, has heavy, the ferociousness of ingesting, digestion is fast, the characteristics such as small fish shrimp of liking ingesting.According to above characteristics, select for use the bright small fish of ice as bait, principal item has blue or green squama fish, sand lance etc.Bait will guarantee palatability; The size of bait should be adjusted according to the size of cobio; Threw something and fed twice in one day; Be arranged in morning the 6-10 point and afternoon the 4-7 point throw something and feed, throw something and feed lets fish eat 8 one-tenth full get final product at every turn, at the bottom of most fishes sink to case, when robbing food, do not explain bait hello similar.Sufficient as guaranteeing bait feeding every day, then the growth rate of fish can be very fast, and specification can compare unanimity, avoids the situation that occurs killing and devouring each other.Should as raining in torrents, stopping when blowing typhoon throwing something and feeding, should suitably reduce feeding volume when weather is sultry according to an amount of adjustment such as weather, temperature and food situation feeding volume.For avoiding using antibiotic etc influence product quality and improve bait utilization because of fish morbidity, the present invention press L-ascorbic acid-2-phosphate that bait weight adds 0.1-0.2% (aquatic products with), 0.1-0.2% in bait the allicin (aquatic products is used) of amino electrolysis multidimensional (aquatic products with) and 0.02-0.03% with enhancing fish body immunity, prevent the meat of disease and raising cobio.
5, feeding and management
Very serious from killing and devouring phenomenon mutually because of cobio, if find that in feeding process the individual size of fish is uneven, in time branch mailbox is foster putting together of specification unanimity.Along with constantly growing up of cobio should correspondingly be reduced breeding density, when body weight reached the every tail of 2-3 kg, breeding density was 4 tails/m
3When body weight reached the every tail of 4-5 kg, breeding density should be 3 tails/m
3When body weight reached more than 8 kg every tail, breeding density should drop to 2 tails/m
3And below.
Daily management will be accomplished diligent observation, diligent inspection, diligent tank-washer, diligent detection, diligent diseases prevention, diligent record, and throwing is raised patient and painstaking.Regular check every day net cage examines the active situation of fish, if having unusually, should in time find out reason and solution as early as possible.Growth indexes such as periodic measurement body length, body weight are carried out daily records such as water temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, pH value, the throwing amount of raising.Etting places seawater for a long time, is prone to be adhered to by marine organisms such as barnacle, oyster and algae and mud, has hindered net cage inside and outside water body exchange and current unimpeded; Cause anoxic; And grow germ easily, thereby influence the growth of cobio, and increase the weight of the weight of net cage; Therefore will in time carry out draping case and cleaning according to the growing state of what and fish of the thing that adheres on the net cage, general 1-2 changed once in individual month.Etting under changing is subsequent use after rinsing well with giant.In the regular job management process, must the running check etting have not damaged, whether tie etc., typhoon will carries out windproof work temporarily, actively takes measures.
Cobio deep water wind wave resistance net cage ecological efficient cultural method method of the present invention is compared with traditional cultural methods such as inner bay steck breed; Expanded that space, protection inner bay marine environment are cultured in the marine site, cobio survival rate with breed is high, feed coefficient is low, fast growth, the cycle of forming are short, it is little to culture risk, and obtain that non-harmful cobio output is high, advantage such as quality and mouthfeel are good.
Embodiment
Cobio deep water wind wave resistance net cage ecological efficient cultural method of the present invention may further comprise the steps:
1, cultures the selection in sea area
Culturing area is chosen in the open marine site around the stone small island of eternally happy archipelago, Xisha, and there are the islands and reefs natural cover for defenses such as stone small island in this marine site, and the wind sheltering effect is relatively good, and stormy waves and ocean current are less; Trend is unobstructed, and underwater gradient is less, water quality is limpid, nutritive salt is abundant, and seawater flows to straight and stable, about mean depth of water 30 m; Salinity excursion 28-35 ‰, 25-33 ℃ of Annual Variation of Surface Water Temperature scope, the wave height is 0.1-2.0 m throughout the year, average annual wind speed is 6.0 m/s; Year ocean current is 0.1-1.2m/s, pH7.8-8.6, transparency 25-40 m, dissolved oxygen>6mg/L; Ammonia nitrogen < 0.1 mg/>L, nitrite < 0.5 μ g/>L, hydrogen sulphide < 0.05 mg/>L.Water quality index meets fully that cobio cultures that growth requires and national standard " agricultural product security quality--requirement of aquatic products home environment " and Ministry of Agriculture's standard " pollution-free food--aquaculture water water quality ".
2, net cage and auxiliary facility
2.1 the deep water wind wave resistance net cage requires: the deep water wind wave resistance net cage of being selected for use is by characteristics such as net cage frame structure, net cage buoyant device, cage netting, etting stabilising arrangement and net cage fixture etc. are partly formed, and these compositions have smooth surface, shock resistance, uvioresistant, the life-span is long, intensity is high, pliability is good, corrosion-resistant.Net cage is square specification for growing 7 m, wide 7 m, and the etting degree of depth is 7 m.
2.2 deep water mesh cage setting: the deep water mesh cage culture zone is arranged on the open marine site around the stone small island of eternally happy archipelago, Xisha, and area can be supported 5% of area less than this marine site, deep water mesh cage apart from nearest coral reef island stone small island more than 1000 m.Deep water mesh cage cloth is set as a plurality of net cage nettings row formula structures, and net cage is arranged and press the parallel laying of Parallel to the flow direction, the above width of spacing 100 m between net row and the row of net, spacing 3 m between the adjacent net cage of same row.
2.3 auxiliary facility: comprise produce and life management platform, generating set, large-scalely freeze the storehouse, transport big ship, work canoe, bait processing unit, height compress and wash net machine, disease checkout equipment, water quality detection equipment etc.
3, seed is selected, transports and put in a suitable place to breed
Because the seed rearing of cobio also carries out in the deep water mesh cage cultivation base, can be transferred to deep water mesh cage after the quantity at once and culture so only need pick up fry on the spot to select, sterilize, check.Concrete operation method is following: (1) is understood the water temperature and the weather conditions of cultivation base, and is carried out maintenance, cleaning and the disinfection of running water cargo ship preparing transportation seed preceding 1 day practicable transportation seed quantity, operating personnel and transportation ship; (2) seed that will prepare to select morning on the same day stops feeding, draws in the net to pick out physique stalwartness, no sick and wounded, the fry of specification about 500g in the morning during 6-10; (3) using the perforated ship traffic density is 100 tails/m
3, in the process of transportation, to use towards the oxygen pump uninterruptedly towards oxygen; (4) when seed transports the deep water mesh cage that will throw in to, use fresh water to carry out soaking disinfection immediately, the time is about 6 minutes, fry is moved in the deep water mesh cage raise then, breeding density is 6 tails/m
3, put seedling 1.2 ten thousand tails altogether, 6 net cages, average every case is put 2000 tails.Put seedling and can throw something and feed after 6 hours, throwing something and feeding for the first time only to let fish eat 5 one-tenth full getting final product.
4, bait is thrown the technology of raising
Throwing is raised test and is divided into 3 groups, every group of 2 net cages, i.e. control group (throwing something and feeding every day 1 time), experimental group 1 (feeding 1 time at a distance from 1 day), experimental group 2 (feeding 2 times in 1 day).Select for use the bright small fish of ice as bait, principal item has blue or green squama fish, sand lance etc.Bait fully guarantees palatability; Before throwing something and feeding, guarantee that bait thaws thoroughly at every turn, throw something and feed twice as one day, then be arranged in morning the 6-10 point and afternoon the 4-7 point throw something and feed; Only threw something and fed 1 time as 1 day; Then be arranged in morning 6-10 point and throw something and feed, throw something and feed lets fish eat 8 one-tenth full get final product at every turn, at the bottom of most fishes sink to case, when robbing food, do not explain bait hello similar.As raining in torrents, stopping when blowing typhoon throwing something and feeding, should suitably reduce feeding volume when weather is sultry according to an amount of adjustment such as weather, temperature and food situation feeding volume every day.For avoiding using antibiotic etc influence product quality and improve bait utilization because of fish morbidity, the allicin (aquatic products is used) of amino electrolysis multidimensional (aquatic products with) and 0.02-0.03% of in bait, press L-ascorbic acid-2-phosphate that bait weight adds 0.1-0.2% (aquatic products with), 0.1-0.2% with enhancing fish body immunity, prevent the meat of disease and raising cobio.
5, feeding and management
Very serious from killing and devouring phenomenon mutually because of cobio, if find that in feeding process the individual size of fish is uneven, in time branch mailbox is foster putting together of specification unanimity.Along with constantly growing up of cobio should correspondingly be reduced breeding density, when body weight reached the every tail of 2-3 kg, breeding density was 4 tails/m
3When body weight reached the every tail of 4-5 kg, breeding density should be 3 tails/m
3When body weight reached more than 8 kg every tail, breeding density should drop to 2 tails/m
3And below.
Daily management will be accomplished duty observation, diligent inspection, diligent tank-washer, the diligent detection and diligent diseases prevention, and throwing is raised patient and painstaking.Regular check every day net cage examines the active situation of fish, if having unusually, should in time find out reason and solution as early as possible.Growth indexes such as periodic measurement body length, body weight, and carry out daily records such as water temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, pH value, the throwing amount of raising.Etting places seawater for a long time, is prone to be adhered to by marine organisms such as barnacle, oyster and algae and mud, has hindered net cage inside and outside water body exchange and current unimpeded, causes anoxic, and grows germ easily, thereby influence the growth of cobio, and increase the weight of the weight of net cage.Therefore will carry out draping case and cleaning according to the growing state of what and fish of the thing that adheres on the net cage, general 1-2 changed once in individual month.Etting under changing is subsequent use after rinsing well with giant.In the regular job management process, must the running check etting have not damaged, whether tie etc., typhoon will carries out windproof work temporarily, actively takes measures.
6, culture efficiency
Table 1 culture experiment result
Time: 1 year
| The mode of throwing something and feeding | Control group | Experimental group 1 | Experimental group 2 |
| Average weight (kg/ tail) | 10.3 | 8.2 | 11.7 |
| Feed coefficient | 6.63 | 7.01 | 6.54 |
| Survival rate (%) | 95.3 | 96.4 | 97.1 |
| Gross yield (kg) | 39363.6 | 31619.2 | 45442.8 |
Can find out that from table 1 after the raising in 1 year, the average weight of experimental group 2 and survival rate all are higher than control group and experimental group 1, especially average weight apparently higher than experimental group 1; The feed coefficient of experimental group 2 also is starkly lower than experimental group 1; The gross yield of experimental group 2 is apparently higher than control group and experimental group 1, so experimental group 2 (feeding 2 times in 1 day) is the optimum pattern of throwing something and feeding.Put the cobio seedling about 500 g in sea area, the Xisha Islands in a suitable place to breed, raise after 1 year, body weight can reach 6-15kg, and growth rate is very fast, and survival rate is very high, and feed coefficient is also relatively low.In general the cobio specification is big more, and its growth rate is fast more, and the market price is also just high more, therefore can confirm Time To Market according to factors such as the growing state of cobio and market conditions, in the hope of the acquisition maximum return.
Above disclosedly be merely preferred embodiment of the present invention, can not limit the present invention's interest field certainly with this, the equivalent variations of therefore doing according to claim of the present invention still belongs to the scope that the present invention is contained.
Claims (1)
1. cobio deep water wind wave resistance net cage ecological efficient cultural method is characterized in that may further comprise the steps:
(1) selection in breed sea area: the breed sea area has been chosen in the islands and reefs barrier, stormy waves is less, and trend is unobstructed, water quality is limpid, nutritive salt is abundant, and seawater flows to straight and stable, the pollution-free open sea area that the depth of water 15 m are above;
(2) net cage and auxiliary facility: 1. the deep water wind wave resistance net cage requires: the deep water wind wave resistance net cage is smooth surface, shock resistance, uvioresistant, the life-span is long, intensity is high, pliability is good, corrosion-resistant; Net cage has the typhoon that can resist 12 grades and the ability of the above billow of high 5 m; 2. deep water mesh cage setting: the deep water mesh cage culture zone is provided with area should can support 15% of area less than the marine site, deep water mesh cage apart from the bank more than 500 m; Deep water mesh cage is laid and can a plurality of net cage netting row formula structures be provided with; Also can lay the fixedly distributing setting of single net cage single-point; With a plurality of net cage netting row structures, net cage is arranged and is pressed the parallel laying of Parallel to the flow direction, the above width of spacing 100 m between net row and the net row, and same row nets and answers between the adjacent net cage more than spacing 3 m; With the fixedly distributing setting of single net cage single-point, then be advisable more than net cage spacing 40 m; 3. auxiliary facility: comprise produce and life management platform, generating set, large-scalely freeze the storehouse, transport big ship, work canoe, bait processing unit, height compress and wash net machine, disease checkout equipment, water quality detection equipment;
(3) seed is selected, transports and put in a suitable place to breed: 1. seed is selected: select that germplasm is good, physique is healthy and strong, the fingerling of no sick and wounded, neat specification, specification is at 500～1500g; Consistent together the putting in a suitable place to breed of specification selected in strictness when selecting seed; 2. seed transportation: fry stopped eating before starting shipment 12 hours, and the perforated ship traffic density is 50～100 tails/m
3In the process of transportation, will use towards the oxygen pump uninterruptedly towards oxygen, the fortune fish o'clock is started shipment with morning 6～9 and is advisable, and long-distance transport surpasses 20 hours, and the bait of then will throwing something and feeding halfway makes fry can eat 3～5 one-tenths and satisfies; 3. seed is put in a suitable place to breed: after seed transports the deep water mesh cage cultivation base to, must use fresh water to carry out soaking disinfection immediately, the time is 6 minutes, fry is moved in the deep water mesh cage raise then; When the seed size of throwing in was the 500g/ tail, breeding density was 6 tails/m
3Put seedling and can throw something and feed after 6 hours, throw something and feed for the first time should only let fish eat 5 one-tenth full;
(4) bait is thrown and raised: select for use the bright small fish of ice as bait, principal item has blue or green squama fish, sand lance; Bait will guarantee palatability, and the size of bait should be adjusted according to the size of cobio, throws something and feeds twice in one day, is arranged in morning 6～10 and afternoon 4～7 and throws something and feeds, and throws something and feeds to let fish eat 8 one-tenths to satisfy at every turn; In bait, press bait weight and add L-ascorbic acid-2-phosphate of 0.1～0.2%, 0.1～0.2% amino electrolysis multidimensional and 0.02～0.03% allicin;
(5) feeding and management: the individual size of in feeding process, finding fish is uneven, in time branch mailbox; When the fish body weight reached the every tail of 2～3 kg, breeding density was 4 tails/m
3When body weight reached the every tail of 4～5 kg, breeding density should be 3 tails/m
3When body weight reached more than 8 kg every tail, breeding density should drop to 2 tails/m
3And below.
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| CN105010196A (en) * | 2015-07-31 | 2015-11-04 | 防城港海盈农产品综合开发有限公司 | Golden pompano culture method by means of wave-resisting net cages |
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| CN109052655A (en) * | 2018-07-04 | 2018-12-21 | 合肥帧讯低温科技有限公司 | Disinfection oxygenation agent for aquaculture |
| CN110476841A (en) * | 2019-08-09 | 2019-11-22 | 临高海丰养殖发展有限公司 | A kind of put-on method of Deep sea net cage fry |
| CN111802301A (en) * | 2020-08-13 | 2020-10-23 | 艾保英 | Automatic feeding device for photovoltaic fishpond and using method thereof |
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