CN106804496B - High-density layered intensive culture method for macrobrachium rosenbergii - Google Patents
High-density layered intensive culture method for macrobrachium rosenbergii Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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Abstract
The invention discloses a high-density layered intensive culture method for macrobrachium rosenbergii, which comprises the following steps: 1) preparing a culture pond; 2) stocking the seedlings; 3) fish polyculture; 4) feeding and fertilizing; 5) and (6) fishing. The invention is provided with a giant freshwater prawn perching device in a culture pond, the device consists of a PVC pipe 1, a steel rope 2, bamboo chips 3, a ring buckle 4, a net piece 5, a floating ball 6, a heavy object 7, water hyacinth 8 and willow wadding strips 9, wherein the net piece has three layers and is used as a giant freshwater prawn perching bed, under the condition of not increasing culture areas, the perching space of the giant freshwater prawn can be increased, and the mutual interference among the giant freshwater prawns is reduced, so that the culture density is indirectly improved, the yield is improved, the yield per mu reaches more than 1100kg, which is twice that of a common culture method, meanwhile, the disease probability of the giant freshwater prawns is greatly reduced, and the survival rate reaches more than 85%.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of aquaculture, and particularly relates to a high-density layered intensive culture method for macrobrachium rosenbergii.
Background
The macrobrachium rosenbergii is an economic shrimp with fast growth speed, wide food spectrum and rich nutrition, and has thin and fat shell, fresh and tender meat, delicious taste and rich nutrition. Besides the flavor of common freshwater shrimps, the mature macrobrachium rosenbergii head and breast shells are filled with gonads, have special delicious taste similar to crab spawn, have very large market demand at home and abroad, and are in short supply. The culture mode is increasingly scaled and industrialized. However, the existing high-density intensive culture of the macrobrachium rosenbergii does not solve the problem that the macrobrachium rosenbergii kills each other, cannot obtain good culture effect, and always troubles the development of the shrimp culture industry. Therefore, according to the living characteristics of the macrobrachium rosenbergii, the invention provides a novel macrobrachium rosenbergii culture method, which reduces or eliminates the problem of mutual residue of the macrobrachium rosenbergii and is the key for improving the culture yield.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems of mutual residue and high disease incidence of the macrobrachium rosenbergii in the existing culture method, the invention provides a high-density layered intensive culture method for the macrobrachium rosenbergii, which is a culture method capable of obviously improving the intensive culture yield of the macrobrachium rosenbergii and reducing the disease.
The invention is realized by the following technologies:
the high-density layered intensive culture method for the macrobrachium rosenbergii comprises the following steps:
1) preparing an aquaculture pond: selecting a pond with the area of 5-8 mu in the beginning of 4 months or in 4 months, wherein the bottom of the pond is flat, sludge is removed, sandy soil is remained, the distance from the bottom surface of the pond to the ground plane is 1.8-2.2 m, and the slope angles of 55-65 degrees are formed between the four sides of the pond and the bottom plane; after the soil is dried, injecting fresh water of 40-60 cm, and disinfecting by using 100-150 kg of quicklime per mu; erecting 1-2 kw oxygen-increasing machines every 2 mu; arranging a disinfected macrobrachium rosenbergii inhabiting device at a distance of 4-8 m from the aerator;
2) fry stocking: injecting water into the pond to 1.6-1.8 m 7-10 days after the pond is disinfected by quicklime, namely in the last ten days of 4 months, adjusting the water quality by using the disinfected organic fertilizer, and putting the macrobrachium rosenbergii seedlings with the specification of 1.5-2 cm when the water quality is qualified, wherein the stocking density is 6.5-7.5 ten thousand tails per mu;
3) fish polyculture: when the shrimp seedlings grow to about 2.2-2.8 cm averagely, putting 7-9 cm long plagiognathops microlepis in an amount of 120-160 fish per mu;
4) feeding and fertilizing: feeding mixed feed with protein content of 30-35%, feeding 2-3 times per day, uniformly scattering the feed around the Macrobrachium rosenbergii inhabiting device, and controlling the total feeding amount according to the growth stage of the Macrobrachium rosenbergii; testing the water quality every 3-5 days and adjusting the water quality by using the disinfected organic fertilizer;
5) fishing: after feeding for 4 months, fishing the macrobrachium rosenbergii for the first time according to the principle of fishing big and small, and intensively fishing more than 18-22 g of adult shrimps; after 5 months of feeding, thoroughly catching the adult shrimps for the second time, and simultaneously catching plagiognathops microlepis.
Macrobrachium rosenbergii has an occupation behavior, and has an attack behavior on other shrimps in an occupation area. The inventor arranges the Macrobrachium rosenbergii inhabitation device around the oxygen-increasing machine, the device has a layered (three-layer net sheet) structure, the net sheet is used as an inhabitation bed, under the condition of not increasing the culture area, a residue prevention device is arranged according to the life habits and occupied ecological sites of the Macrobrachium rosenbergii, the inhabitation space of the Macrobrachium rosenbergii is increased, the mutual interference among the Macrobrachium rosenbergii is reduced, thereby indirectly improving the culture density, increasing the yield, and enabling the yield to reach more than twice of the yield of the common culture method.
Generally, the oxygen enrichment is needed for 24 hours when the macrobrachium rosenbergii is cultured at high density, and the reason is that the aggregation of the macrobrachium rosenbergii is high, so that the dissolved oxygen in the local water body is low, and the oxygen enrichment is needed for a long time to improve the dissolved oxygen in the water body. In the invention, the inventor arranges the macrobrachium rosenbergii inhabiting device in the water body to disperse the macrobrachium rosenbergii more uniformly, so that the macrobrachium rosenbergii is not easy to gather in a large scale, and the working time of the aerator can be reduced.
Generally, the average seedling density of pond culture is 3-5 ten thousand per mu. When in mixed culture, loaches, bighead carps, silver carps and the like are generally used, but the fishes have the defects of robbing with the macrobrachium rosenbergii and the like, so that the feeding amount is increased, the culture cost is indirectly increased, and plagiognathops microlepis can fully utilize rotten plants, scraps and the like in a pond and cannot fight with the macrobrachium rosenbergii to eat.
In the invention, the bait is uniformly scattered around the giant freshwater prawn perching device, the giant freshwater prawn can swim out from the perching bed to the periphery for eating, and the bait is not thrown into the net cage like a net cage used by the traditional high-density culture. The residual bait is easily accumulated when the net cage is fed, so that the environment of the net cage is deteriorated, and the occurrence probability of diseases is improved. The high-density layered intensive culture method used by the invention has a remarkable effect on reducing diseases.
Preferably, the method for disinfecting the macrobrachium rosenbergii inhabiting device comprises the following steps: 1, according to volume ratio: and 6, mixing an alkaline glutaraldehyde solution with the mass concentration of 2% and an ethanol solution with the volume concentration of 75% to obtain a disinfectant, immersing the macrobrachium rosenbergii inhabiting device into the disinfectant, taking out the macrobrachium rosenbergii inhabiting device after 24 hours, and washing the macrobrachium rosenbergii inhabiting device with clear water.
Preferably, the number of the devices for the giant freshwater prawn perching in the step 1) is 3-5 per mu of pond.
Preferably, the control criteria of the total bait feeding amount in the step 4) are as follows: the total daily feeding amount of the shrimp fries is 8-10 percent of the weight of the shrimps, the total daily feeding amount of the juvenile shrimps is 4-6 percent of the weight of the shrimps, and the total daily feeding amount of the adult shrimps is 2-3 percent of the weight of the shrimps.
Preferably, the qualified water quality standard of step 2) or step 4) is as follows: 3-5 mg/L of dissolved oxygen, 7-8.5 of pH value, 1-100 mg/L of total hardness and 23-31 ℃ of water temperature.
Preferably, the preparation steps of the macrobrachium rosenbergii inhabiting device are as follows:
a) connecting PVC pipes (1) to prepare two rectangular frames with the length of 8-11 m and the width of 3-5 m;
b) taking six sections of steel ropes (2) to respectively connect the four corners corresponding to the two rectangular frames and the middle position of the long side of the rectangular frames, after the connection is finished, unfolding to obtain a cuboid frame with the height of 1.4-1.6 m, reserving steel ropes with the same length of 5-10 cm at the four corners of the top surface of the cuboid frame, and reserving steel ropes with the same length of 10-20 cm at the four corners of the bottom surface of the cuboid frame;
c) four corners of the top surface of the rectangular frame are connected with the floating ball (6) through steel ropes, four corners of the bottom surface of the rectangular frame are connected with the weight (7) through steel ropes, and the center of the bottom surface of the rectangular frame is also connected with the weight through steel ropes with the same length as the four corners;
d) a buckle (4) is arranged at a position 0.4-0.5 m away from the top surface of the cuboid frame, and a 15-30 mesh net sheet (5) parallel to the bottom surface is arranged under the fixation of the buckle; the position 0.7-0.8 m away from the top surface of the rectangular frame, the four corners of the bottom surface of the rectangular frame and the middle position of the long edge are also provided with ring buckles; 15-30 meshes of net sheets are arranged under the four-corner ring fastening and fixing of the bottom surface of the cuboid frame; two 30-40 mesh net pieces are fixed through a ring buckle at a position 0.7-0.8 m away from the top surface of the rectangular frame and a ring buckle at the middle position of the long edge of the bottom surface of the rectangular frame;
e) bamboo chips (3) are fixed on the top surface of the rectangular frame, water hyacinth (8) is planted in the bamboo chips, and the total number of the water hyacinth planted on the top surface of the rectangular frame is 25-35;
f) and d) fixing willow wadding strips (9) on the net sheets in the step d), wherein the density of the willow wadding strips is 2-3 net sheets per square meter.
At present, plants such as aquatic plants and the like are usually planted around a pond in a macrobrachium rosenbergii culture pond, and the method has many defects, for example, natural enemy physalis alkekengi larvae and psylla chinensis larvae of macrobrachium rosenbergii seedlings are easy to propagate and grow in the pond, and threat is brought to the growth of the macrobrachium rosenbergii seedlings; in addition, plants such as aquatic weeds are easy to burst and grow, are difficult to control, occupy water space, and are dead and rotten due to the death of a large amount of aquatic weeds, so that the water quality is also spoiled, and the death of the macrobrachium rosenbergii is caused. The Macrobrachium rosenbergii inhabitation device utilizes the bamboo chips to plant the water hyacinth, can utilize the ecological advantages of the water hyacinth, can well control the explosive growth of the water hyacinth, absorbs the excrement of the Macrobrachium rosenbergii in the water body, and establishes a good ecological environment for the breeding water body.
Preferably, the material of the mesh is polyethylene.
Preferably, the distance between adjacent bamboo chips is 0.3-0.5 m.
The invention discloses a high-density layered intensive culture method for macrobrachium rosenbergii, which has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the macrobrachium rosenbergii inhabiting device with three layers of meshes is arranged in the culture pond, the meshes are used as inhabiting beds, under the condition that culture areas are not increased, the inhabiting space of the macrobrachium rosenbergii is enlarged, and the mutual interference among the macrobrachium rosenbergii is reduced, so that the culture density is indirectly improved, the yield is improved, and the yield is more than twice of that of a common culture method;
(2) bamboo chips are arranged in the giant freshwater prawn perching device to plant water hyacinth, willow wadding strips are fixed on the net sheets, the ecological advantages of the water hyacinth and the willow wadding strips can be utilized, the explosive growth of the water hyacinth and the willow wadding strips can be well controlled, and a good ecological environment is established for a cultivation water body;
(3) the problems of environment deterioration, high disease probability and the like caused by a net cage feeding mode adopted by the traditional high-density culture are solved, the disease probability of the macrobrachium rosenbergii is greatly reduced, and the survival rate of the adult macrobrachium rosenbergii is ensured.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of the macrobrachium rosenbergii habitat device of the present invention.
In the figure, 1 is a PVC pipe, 2 is a steel rope, 3 is a bamboo chip, 4 is a ring buckle, 5 is a net, 6 is a floating ball, 7 is a heavy object, 8 is a water hyacinth, and 9 is a catkin strip.
Detailed Description
The high-density layered intensive culture method of macrobrachium rosenbergii of the invention is further explained below. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
Example 1
The high-density layered intensive culture method for the macrobrachium rosenbergii comprises the following culture steps:
at the beginning of 4 months, a pond with the area of 5 mu is selected, the length of the pond is 70m, the width of the pond is 50m, the bottom of the pond is flat, sludge is removed as much as possible, sandy soil is left, the height from the bottom surface of the pond to the ground plane is 1.8m, and the slope angles of 55 degrees are formed between the four sides of the pond and the bottom plane. After the soil is dry (without water traces), injecting new water of 40cm, and sterilizing by using 100kg of quicklime per mu; 2 sets of 2kw oxygen-increasing machines are erected every 2.5 mu, and 4 oxygen-increasing machines are erected in total. And taking each aerator as a center, arranging the disinfected macrobrachium rosenbergii inhabiting devices 5m away from the center, arranging 5 macrobrachium rosenbergii inhabiting devices around each aerator, and arranging 20 macrobrachium rosenbergii inhabiting devices in a 5 mu pond.
And (3) injecting water into the pond to 1.6m 10 days after the pond is disinfected by the quick lime, namely, the last ten days of 4 months, adjusting the water quality by using the disinfected organic fertilizer, and testing to obtain the water quality parameters of 4.3mg/L of dissolved oxygen, 7.2 of pH value, 13mg/L of total hardness and 25 ℃ of water. Taking 150 Luo pond crayfish fries, testing water, finding that the crayfish fries are unharmed after 1 day, starting to put the Luo pond crayfish fries with the specification of 1.5cm, putting 6.5 thousand of the Luo pond crayfish fries per mu, and putting 32.5 thousand of the crayfish fries into a 5 mu pond. When the shrimp seedlings grow to about 2.2cm averagely, putting the plagiognathops microlepis with the specification of 7cm into the shrimp seedlings, wherein the input amount is 120 per mu, and putting 600 plagiognathops microlepis into the shrimp seedlings. The reason for polyculture of plagiognathops microlepis and macrobrachium rosenbergii is that the staple food of plagnathops microlepis is different from that of macrobrachium rosenbergii, and the food competition phenomenon cannot be caused.
In this example, the feed to be fed is a mixed feed with a protein content of 35%, 3 times a day, and one time of feeding is respectively carried out at 8-point, 11-point and 17-point, wherein the feeding amount of 17-point accounts for 45% of the total feeding amount of the day, and the feeding amounts of the other two times are equal. The control standard of the total bait feeding amount is as follows: the total daily feeding amount of the shrimp fries is 8 percent of the weight of the shrimps, the total daily feeding amount of the juvenile shrimps is 5 percent of the weight of the shrimps, and the total daily feeding amount of the adult shrimps is 3 percent of the weight of the shrimps. Uniformly scattering bait around the Macrobrachium rosenbergii inhabiting device, testing water quality every 5 days, and adjusting by using a sterilized organic fertilizer, wherein the water quality index is controlled to be 3-5 mg/L of dissolved oxygen, the pH value is 7-8.5, the total hardness is below 100mg/L, and the water temperature is 23-31 ℃.
After feeding for 4 months, fishing the macrobrachium rosenbergii for the first time according to the principle of fishing big and small, and intensively fishing more than 18-22 g of adult shrimps; after 5 months of feeding, thoroughly catching the adult shrimps for the second time, and simultaneously catching plagiognathops microlepis. Through measurement and calculation, the survival rate of the macrobrachium rosenbergii is 86.0 percent, the weight of the adult macrobrachium rosenbergii is 20-32 g per tail, the average yield of the macrobrachium rosenbergii is 1120Kg per mu, and 220Kg of plagiognathops microlepis is collected in 5 months of breeding.
In this example, the preparation steps of the macrobrachium rosenbergii habitat device (as shown in fig. 1) are as follows:
a) connecting PVC pipes 1 to prepare two rectangular frames with the length of 9m and the width of 4 m;
b) taking six sections of steel ropes 2 to respectively connect the four corners corresponding to the two rectangular frames and the middle position of the long side of the rectangular frames, after the connection is finished, unfolding to obtain a rectangular frame with the height of 1.4m, reserving steel ropes with the same length of 5cm at the four corners of the top surface of the rectangular frame, and reserving steel ropes with the same length of 10cm at the four corners of the bottom surface of the rectangular frame;
c) the four corners of the top surface of the rectangular frame are connected with the floating ball 6 through steel ropes, the four corners of the bottom surface of the rectangular frame are connected with the weight 7 through steel ropes, the center of the bottom surface of the rectangular frame is also connected with the weight through steel ropes with the same length as the four corners, under the action of the floating ball and the weight, the macrobrachium rosenbergii inhabiting device is naturally unfolded in a water body to form a rectangular frame structure, and the weight also has a fixing effect on the macrobrachium rosenbergii inhabiting device and cannot flow gradually along with waves;
d) a ring buckle (4) is arranged at a position 0.4m away from the top surface of the rectangular frame, and a 15-mesh net sheet (5) parallel to the bottom surface is arranged under the fixation of the ring buckle; the position 0.8m away from the top surface of the cuboid frame, the four corners of the bottom surface of the cuboid frame and the middle position of the long edge are also provided with ring buckles; a 30-mesh net sheet is arranged under the four-corner ring buckle fixing of the bottom surface of the cuboid frame; the two 40-mesh net pieces are fixed through a ring buckle at a position 0.8m away from the top surface of the rectangular frame and a ring buckle at the middle position of the long edge of the bottom surface of the rectangular frame;
e) bamboo chips (3) are fixed on the top surface of the rectangular frame, the distance between every two adjacent bamboo chips is 0.5m, water hyacinth (8) is planted in the bamboo chips, and the total number of the water hyacinth planted on the top surface of the rectangular frame is 25;
f) and d) fixing willow wadding strips (9) on the net sheets in the step d), wherein the density of the willow wadding strips is 2 meshes per square meter.
The mesh sheet used in this embodiment is made of polyethylene, and needs to be sterilized when the macrobrachium rosenbergii inhabiting device is installed, and the sterilization method is as follows: 1, according to volume ratio: and 6, mixing the alkaline glutaraldehyde solution with the mass concentration of 2% and the ethanol solution with the volume concentration of 75% to obtain a disinfectant, immersing the macrobrachium rosenbergii inhabiting device into the disinfectant, taking out the macrobrachium rosenbergii inhabiting device after 24 hours, washing the macrobrachium rosenbergii inhabiting device with clear water, and removing the disinfectant for direct use.
Example 2
The high-density layered intensive culture method for the macrobrachium rosenbergii comprises the following culture steps:
in 4 months, a pond with the area of 8 mu is selected, the length of the pond is 90m, the width of the pond is 60m, the bottom of the pond is flat, sludge is removed as much as possible, sandy soil is left, the distance from the bottom surface of the pond to the ground plane is 2.2m, and the slope angles of 65 degrees are formed between the four sides of the pond and the bottom plane. After the soil is dry (without water traces), injecting new water 60cm, and sterilizing by using 150kg of quicklime per mu; every 2 mu is provided with 12 kw of oxygen-increasing machines, and a total of 4 oxygen-increasing machines are arranged. And taking each aerator as a center, arranging the disinfected macrobrachium rosenbergii inhabiting devices 8m away from the center, arranging 6 macrobrachium rosenbergii inhabiting devices around each aerator, and arranging 24 macrobrachium rosenbergii inhabiting devices in 8 mu of pond.
And (3) after 10 days, namely the end of 4 months, of the pond is disinfected by quick lime, injecting water into the pond to 1.8m, and adjusting the water quality by using the disinfected organic fertilizer, wherein the water quality parameters are 4.1mg/L of dissolved oxygen, the pH value is 7.8, the total hardness is 23mg/L and the water temperature is 27 ℃. Taking 150 Luo pond crayfish fries, testing water, finding that the crayfish fries are unharmed after 1 day, starting to put the Luo pond crayfish fries with the specification of 2cm, putting 7.5 thousand of crayfish fries per mu, and putting 60 thousand of crayfish fries into 8 mu of pond. When the shrimp larvae grow to about 2.8cm averagely, putting 9 cm-sized plagiognathops microlepis in an amount of 160 per mu, and putting 1280 total plagiognathops microlepis in total. The reason for polyculture of plagiognathops microlepis and macrobrachium rosenbergii is that the staple food of plagnathops microlepis is different from that of macrobrachium rosenbergii, and the food competition phenomenon cannot be caused.
In this example, the feed to be fed was a mixed feed having a protein content of 35%, and the feed was fed 2 times a day, and was fed once at 8 and 18 points, respectively, wherein the amount of feed fed at 18 points was 60% of the total amount of feed fed on the day. The control standard of the total bait feeding amount is as follows: the total daily feeding amount of the shrimp seedlings is 9 percent of the shrimp weight, the total daily feeding amount of the juvenile shrimps is 5.5 percent of the shrimp weight, and the total daily feeding amount of the adult shrimps is 2.8 percent of the shrimp weight. Uniformly scattering bait around the Macrobrachium rosenbergii inhabiting device, testing water quality every 3 days, adjusting by using a sterilized organic fertilizer, controlling the water quality index to be 3-5 mg/L of dissolved oxygen, controlling the pH value to be 7-8.5, controlling the total hardness to be below 100mg/L and controlling the water temperature to be 23-31 ℃.
After feeding for 4 months, fishing the macrobrachium rosenbergii for the first time according to the principle of fishing big and small, and intensively fishing more than 18-22 g of adult shrimps; after 5 months of feeding, thoroughly catching the adult shrimps for the second time, and simultaneously catching plagiognathops microlepis. Through measurement and calculation, the survival rate of the macrobrachium rosenbergii is 85.1 percent, the weight of the adult macrobrachium rosenbergii is 20-32 g per tail, the average yield of the macrobrachium rosenbergii per mu is 1430Kg, and 340Kg of plagiognathops microlepis is collected in 5 months of breeding.
In this example, the preparation steps of the macrobrachium rosenbergii habitat device (as shown in fig. 1) are as follows:
a) connecting PVC pipes (1) to prepare two rectangular frames with the length of 11m and the width of 4.5 m;
b) taking six sections of steel ropes (2) to respectively connect the four corners corresponding to the two rectangular frames and the middle position of the long side of the rectangular frames, after the connection is finished, unfolding to obtain a cuboid frame with the height of 1.6m, reserving 10cm steel ropes with the same length at the four corners of the top surface of the cuboid frame, and reserving 20cm steel ropes with the same length at the four corners of the bottom surface;
c) the four corners of the top surface of the rectangular frame are connected with the floating ball (6) through steel ropes, the four corners of the bottom surface of the rectangular frame are connected with the weight (7) through steel ropes, the center of the bottom surface of the rectangular frame is also connected with the weight through steel ropes with the same length as the four corners, under the action of the floating ball and the weight, the macrobrachium rosenbergii inhabiting device is naturally unfolded in a water body to form a rectangular frame structure, and the weight also has a fixing effect on the macrobrachium rosenbergii inhabiting device and cannot flow along with waves;
d) a ring buckle (4) is arranged at a position 0.5m away from the top surface of the rectangular frame, and a 15-mesh net sheet (5) parallel to the bottom surface is arranged under the fixation of the ring buckle; the position 0.7m away from the top surface of the cuboid frame, the four corners of the bottom surface of the cuboid frame and the middle position of the long edge are also provided with ring buckles; 15 meshes of net sheets are arranged under the four-corner ring fastening and fixing of the bottom surface of the cuboid frame; the two 35-mesh net pieces are fixed by a ring buckle at a position 0.7m away from the top surface of the rectangular frame and a ring buckle at the middle position of the long edge of the bottom surface of the rectangular frame;
e) bamboo chips (3) are fixed on the top surface of the rectangular frame, the distance between every two adjacent bamboo chips is 0.3m, water hyacinth (8) is planted in the bamboo chips, and the total number of the water hyacinth planted on the top surface of the rectangular frame is 35;
f) and d) fixing willow wadding strips (9) on the net sheets in the step d), wherein the density of the willow wadding strips is 3 meshes per square meter.
The mesh sheet used in this example is made of polyethylene, and the installation of the macrobrachium rosenbergii habitat device requires disinfection, and the disinfection method is the same as that of example 1.
Example 3
The high-density layered intensive culture method for the macrobrachium rosenbergii comprises the following culture steps:
in 4 months, a pond with the area of 6 mu is selected, the length of the pond is 80m, the width of the pond is 50m, the bottom of the pond is flat, sludge is removed as much as possible, sandy soil is left, the distance from the bottom surface of the pond to the ground plane is 2.0m, and the slope angles of 60 degrees are formed between the four sides of the pond and the bottom plane. After the soil is dry (without water traces), injecting 50cm of new water, and disinfecting by using 130kg of quicklime per mu; every 2 mu is provided with 12 kw of oxygen-increasing machines, and 3 oxygen-increasing machines are arranged in total. Each oxygen-increasing machine is used as a center, a disinfected macrobrachium rosenbergii inhabiting device is arranged 7m away from the center, 4 macrobrachium rosenbergii inhabiting devices are arranged around each oxygen-increasing machine, and 12 macrobrachium rosenbergii inhabiting devices are arranged in a 5 mu pond.
And (3) injecting water into the pond to 1.7m in 9 days after the quicklime is used for disinfecting the pond, namely in late 4 months, adjusting the water quality by using the disinfected organic fertilizer, and testing to obtain water quality parameters of 4.1mg/L of dissolved oxygen, 8.2 of pH value, 25mg/L of total hardness and 28 ℃ of water. Taking 150 Luo pond crayfish fries, testing water, finding that the crayfish fries are unharmed after 1 day, starting to put the Luo pond crayfish fries with the specification of 1.8cm, putting 7 thousand of crayfish fries per mu in the breeding density, and putting 42 thousand of crayfish fries into 6 mu of pond. And when the shrimp seedlings grow to about 2.4cm averagely, putting 840 pieces of plagiognathops microlepis in the specification of 8cm, wherein the input amount is 140 pieces per mu. The reason for polyculture of plagiognathops microlepis and macrobrachium rosenbergii is that the staple food of plagnathops microlepis is different from that of macrobrachium rosenbergii, and the food competition phenomenon cannot be caused.
In this example, the feed to be fed was a mixed feed containing 30% protein, and the feed was fed 3 times a day, and was fed once at each of 8, 13 and 18 points, wherein the amount of feed fed at 18 points was 40% of the total amount of feed fed on the day, and the amounts of feed fed at the other two times were the same. The control standard of the total bait feeding amount is as follows: the total daily feeding amount of the shrimp fries is 8 percent of the weight of the shrimps, the total daily feeding amount of the juvenile shrimps is 6 percent of the weight of the shrimps, and the total daily feeding amount of the adult shrimps is 2.7 percent of the weight of the shrimps. Uniformly scattering bait around the Macrobrachium rosenbergii inhabiting device, testing water quality every 4 days, adjusting by using a sterilized organic fertilizer, controlling the water quality index to be 3-5 mg/L of dissolved oxygen, controlling the pH value to be 7-8.5, controlling the total hardness to be below 100mg/L and controlling the water temperature to be 23-31 ℃.
After feeding for 4 months, fishing the macrobrachium rosenbergii for the first time according to the principle of fishing big and small, and intensively fishing more than 18-22 g of adult shrimps; after 5 months of feeding, thoroughly catching the adult shrimps for the second time, and simultaneously catching plagiognathops microlepis. Through measurement and calculation, the survival rate of the macrobrachium rosenbergii is 85.1 percent, the weight of the adult macrobrachium rosenbergii is 20-32 g per tail, the average yield of the macrobrachium rosenbergii per mu is 1360Kg, and 390Kg of plagiognathops microlepis is collected in 5 months of breeding.
In this example, the preparation steps of the macrobrachium rosenbergii habitat device (as shown in fig. 1) are as follows:
a) connecting PVC pipes (1) to prepare two rectangular frames with the length of 8.5m and the width of 3.5 m;
b) taking six sections of steel ropes (2) to respectively connect the four corners corresponding to the two rectangular frames and the middle position of the long side of the rectangular frames, after the connection is finished, unfolding to obtain a cuboid frame with the height of 1.5m, reserving 8cm steel ropes with the same length at the four corners of the top surface of the cuboid frame, and reserving 15cm steel ropes with the same length at the four corners of the bottom surface of the cuboid frame;
c) the four corners of the top surface of the rectangular frame are connected with the floating ball (6) through steel ropes, the four corners of the bottom surface of the rectangular frame are connected with the weight (7) through steel ropes, the center of the bottom surface of the rectangular frame is also connected with the weight through steel ropes with the same length as the four corners, under the action of the floating ball and the weight, the macrobrachium rosenbergii inhabiting device is naturally unfolded in a water body to form a rectangular frame structure, and the weight also has a fixing effect on the macrobrachium rosenbergii inhabiting device and cannot flow along with waves;
d) a ring buckle (4) is arranged at a position 0.4m away from the top surface of the rectangular frame, and a 20-mesh net sheet (5) parallel to the bottom surface is arranged under the fixation of the ring buckle; the position 0.8m away from the top surface of the cuboid frame, the four corners of the bottom surface of the cuboid frame and the middle position of the long edge are also provided with ring buckles; a mesh sheet of 20 meshes is arranged under the four-corner ring buckle fixing of the bottom surface of the cuboid frame; the two 40-mesh net pieces are fixed through a ring buckle at a position 0.8m away from the top surface of the rectangular frame and a ring buckle at the middle position of the long edge of the bottom surface of the rectangular frame;
e) bamboo chips (3) are fixed on the top surface of the rectangular frame, the distance between every two adjacent bamboo chips is 0.4m, water hyacinth (8) is planted in the bamboo chips, and the total number of the water hyacinth planted on the top surface of the rectangular frame is 30;
f) and d) fixing willow wadding strips (9) on the net sheets in the step d), wherein the density of the willow wadding strips is 2 meshes per square meter.
The mesh sheet used in this example is made of polyethylene, and the installation of the macrobrachium rosenbergii habitat device requires disinfection, and the disinfection method is the same as that of example 1.
Claims (7)
1. The high-density layered intensive culture method for the macrobrachium rosenbergii is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
1) preparing an aquaculture pond: selecting a pond with the area of 5-8 mu in the beginning of 4 months or in 4 months, wherein the bottom of the pond is flat, sludge is removed, sandy soil is remained, the distance from the bottom surface of the pond to the ground plane is 1.8-2.2 m, and the slope angles of 55-65 degrees are formed between the four sides of the pond and the bottom plane; after the soil is dried, injecting fresh water of 40-60 cm, and disinfecting by using 100-150 kg of quicklime per mu; erecting 1-2 kw oxygen-increasing machines every 2 mu; arranging a disinfected macrobrachium rosenbergii inhabiting device at a distance of 4-8 m from the aerator;
2) fry stocking: injecting water into the pond to 1.6-1.8 m 7-10 days after the pond is disinfected by quicklime, namely in the last ten days of 4 months, adjusting the water quality by using the disinfected organic fertilizer, and putting the macrobrachium rosenbergii seedlings with the specification of 1.5-2 cm when the water quality is qualified, wherein the stocking density is 6.5-7.5 ten thousand tails per mu;
3) fish polyculture: when the shrimp seedlings grow to about 2.2-2.8 cm averagely, putting 7-9 cm long plagiognathops microlepis in an amount of 120-160 fish per mu;
4) feeding and fertilizing: feeding mixed feed with protein content of 30-35%, feeding 2-3 times per day, uniformly scattering the feed around the Macrobrachium rosenbergii inhabiting device, and controlling the total feeding amount according to the growth stage of the Macrobrachium rosenbergii; testing the water quality every 3-5 days and adjusting the water quality by using the disinfected organic fertilizer;
5) fishing: after feeding for 4 months, fishing the macrobrachium rosenbergii for the first time according to the principle of fishing big and small, and intensively fishing more than 18-22 g of adult shrimps; after 5 months of feeding, thoroughly fishing the adult shrimps for the second time, and fishing plagiognathops microlepis; the preparation steps of the macrobrachium rosenbergii inhabiting device are as follows:
a) connecting PVC pipes (1) to prepare two rectangular frames with the length of 8-11 m and the width of 3-5 m;
b) taking six sections of steel ropes (2) to respectively connect the four corners corresponding to the two rectangular frames and the middle position of the long side of the rectangular frames, after the connection is finished, unfolding to obtain a cuboid frame with the height of 1.4-1.6 m, reserving steel ropes with the same length of 5-10 cm at the four corners of the top surface of the cuboid frame, and reserving steel ropes with the same length of 10-20 cm at the four corners of the bottom surface of the cuboid frame;
c) four corners of the top surface of the rectangular frame are connected with the floating ball (6) through steel ropes, four corners of the bottom surface of the rectangular frame are connected with the weight (7) through steel ropes, and the center of the bottom surface of the rectangular frame is also connected with the weight through steel ropes with the same length as the four corners;
d) a buckle (4) is arranged at a position 0.4-0.5 m away from the top surface of the cuboid frame, and a 15-30 mesh net sheet (5) parallel to the bottom surface is arranged under the fixation of the buckle; the position 0.7-0.8 m away from the top surface of the rectangular frame, the four corners of the bottom surface of the rectangular frame and the middle position of the long edge are also provided with ring buckles; 15-30 meshes of net sheets are arranged under the four-corner ring fastening and fixing of the bottom surface of the cuboid frame; two 30-40 mesh net pieces are fixed through a ring buckle at a position 0.7-0.8 m away from the top surface of the rectangular frame and a ring buckle at the middle position of the long edge of the bottom surface of the rectangular frame;
e) bamboo chips (3) are fixed on the top surface of the rectangular frame, water hyacinth (8) is planted in the bamboo chips, and the total number of the water hyacinth planted on the top surface of the rectangular frame is 25-35;
f) and d) fixing willow wadding strips (9) on the net sheets in the step d), wherein the density of the willow wadding strips is 2-3 net sheets per square meter.
2. The high-density layered intensive macrobrachium rosenbergii breeding method according to claim 1, wherein the disinfection method of the macrobrachium rosenbergii inhabiting device is as follows: 1, according to volume ratio: and 6, mixing an alkaline glutaraldehyde solution with the mass concentration of 2% and an ethanol solution with the volume concentration of 75% to obtain a disinfectant, immersing the macrobrachium rosenbergii inhabiting device into the disinfectant, taking out the macrobrachium rosenbergii inhabiting device after 24 hours, and washing the macrobrachium rosenbergii inhabiting device with clear water.
3. The high-density layered intensive macrobrachium rosenbergii breeding method according to claim 1, wherein the number of the macrobrachium rosenbergii inhabiting devices in the step 1) is 3-5 per mu of pond.
4. The macrobrachium rosenbergii high-density layered intensive culture method according to claim 1, characterized in that the control standard of the total bait feeding amount in the step 4) is as follows: the total daily feeding amount of the shrimp fries is 8-10 percent of the weight of the shrimps, the total daily feeding amount of the juvenile shrimps is 4-6 percent of the weight of the shrimps, and the total daily feeding amount of the adult shrimps is 2-3 percent of the weight of the shrimps.
5. The macrobrachium rosenbergii high-density layered intensive culture method according to claim 1, characterized in that the standard of qualified water quality in step 2) or step 4) is as follows: 3-5 mg/L of dissolved oxygen, 7-8.5 of pH value, 1-100 mg/L of total hardness and 23-31 ℃ of water temperature.
6. The high-density layered intensive macrobrachium rosenbergii breeding method according to claim 1, wherein the mesh is made of polyethylene.
7. The high-density layered intensive macrobrachium rosenbergii breeding method according to claim 1, wherein the distance between adjacent bamboo chips is 0.3-0.5 m.
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| CN110432197A (en) * | 2019-08-05 | 2019-11-12 | 广西壮族自治区水产技术推广总站 | A kind of Macrobrachium rosenbergii breeding cage and cultural method |
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Application publication date: 20170609 Assignee: Zhoushan Hengda Aquatic Products Co.,Ltd. Assignor: Zhejiang Ocean University Contract record no.: X2024980012264 Denomination of invention: High density layered intensive aquaculture method for Macrobrachium rosenbergii Granted publication date: 20200616 License type: Common License Record date: 20240819 Application publication date: 20170609 Assignee: Zhoushan Hongxin Aquatic Food Co.,Ltd. Assignor: Zhejiang Ocean University Contract record no.: X2024980012262 Denomination of invention: High density layered intensive aquaculture method for Macrobrachium rosenbergii Granted publication date: 20200616 License type: Common License Record date: 20240820 |
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