CN103636545B - A kind of ecological cultivation method of takifugu flavidus exopalaemon carinicauda - Google Patents

A kind of ecological cultivation method of takifugu flavidus exopalaemon carinicauda Download PDF

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CN103636545B
CN103636545B CN201310696687.2A CN201310696687A CN103636545B CN 103636545 B CN103636545 B CN 103636545B CN 201310696687 A CN201310696687 A CN 201310696687A CN 103636545 B CN103636545 B CN 103636545B
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fingerling
suitable place
tails
fish
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CN103636545A (en
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施永海
张根玉
张海明
谢永德
张忠华
刘永士
徐嘉波
刘建忠
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Shanghai Fisheries Research Institute Shanghai Fisheries Technical Extension Station
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SHANGHAI AQUATIC PRODUCT TECHNOLOGY PROMOTION STATION
Shanghai Fisheries Research Institute
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y02A40/00Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/80Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
    • Y02A40/81Aquaculture, e.g. of fish

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Abstract

A kind of ecological cultivation method of takifugu flavidus exopalaemon carinicauda, put in a suitable place to breed including fingerling stocking, seed shrimp, daily management, takifugu flavidus harvest, exopalaemon carinicauda harvest, it is characterized in that when outer pool water temperature is maintained at 14 15 DEG C, fingerling stocking will be survived the winter to the outer pool, every 35 mu of ponds are equipped with 1 aerator;First pond is cleared and sterilized before putting in a suitable place to breed;First water filling 2/3, salinity 5 15 after sterilizing 48 hours;After water filling one week, fingerling is put in a suitable place to breed, 3,000 5000 tails of summer flower fingerling stocking density/mu, the summer flower fingerling stocking time is at the beginning of 7 months;2 age 1,000 1200 tails of fish fingerling stocking density/mu;1.5m is added water to after 3 age 800 1000 tails of fish fingerling stocking density/mu, fingerling stocking;To 6 July, seed shrimp is dissipated into takifugu flavidus cultivating pool, every mu is put in a suitable place to breed 36 jin;Bait throwing in daily 2 times, daily ration of feeding is the 3 8% of fish body weight, and bait is the eel feed containing crude protein 45%, changes water 1 time within every 2 weeks;To mid or late November, takifugu flavidus is first fished for, exopalaemon carinicauda is harvested December, finally cleans up the pond and fishes for.

Description

A kind of ecological cultivation method of takifugu flavidus exopalaemon carinicauda
Technical field
The present invention relates to aquaculture, especially a kind of ecological cultivation method of takifugu flavidus exopalaemon carinicauda.
Background technology
Takifugu flavidus(Takifugu flavidus)Belong to Tetraodontiformes, Puffer suborder, Molidae, Fugu category is distributed mainly on China's the East China Sea and the Yellow Sea and the Bohai Sea, belong to temperate zone coastal waters demersal fishes, do not make the migration of long range typically, mainly with shell-fish, shellfish The invertebrates such as class and small fish with very high nutritive value and medical value, are described as first of " the Changjiang river three delicacies " to eat.Its Muscle is pure white such as white, meat flavour fat U.S., fresh and tender tasty, nutritious rich in protein, nerve of its internal organs containing severe toxicity Element, referred to as Tetrodotoxin(TTX), medically pole have application value.In the river Puffer fingerling class cultivated at home, chrysanthemum Huang east Puffer market price highest, reach 150-200 member/kilogram.Cultivar replacing and structural adjustment with culture fishery, are used as special type The kind of cultivation, takifugu flavidus is cultivated in view of its excellent economic value, practical value and biological characteristics have also been obtained very Big development, marketable fish cultured area constantly expands.
Exopalaemon carinicauda (Exopalaemon carinicauda) also known as white shrimp, suede shrimp, winter jasmine shrimp etc., it is a kind of wide temperature, extensively The strong medium-sized economic shrimps of salt, omnivorousness, fertility.Its fine and tender taste, delicious flavour, are first-class dish, drying can also be added Work is into dried shrimp, and ovum can be drying into shrimp-roe, and sexual gland can be drying into " shrimp brain ", is foreign exchange earning good merchantable brand.Exopalaemon carinicauda is easy to cultivation Manage, product marketing is good, cost is low, income is high.
Current takifugu flavidus is often individually cultivated using pond, although cultural technique comparative maturity, but monoculture has one A little problems:1)Because takifugu flavidus schistostoma is larger, be often scattered some feeds during the doughy eel feed of food is stung Fragment, takifugu flavidus will not remove these feed chips of ingesting, and often sink to the bottom rotten, this not only waste feed, and corruption Feed water quality can be caused to ruin;2)In takifugu flavidus monoculture pond, breeding density is typically relatively low, and per mu yield also only has during harvest 500-600 jins, pond space is not made full use of;3)In takifugu flavidus monoculture pond, tend to form Copepods etc. Aquatic animal sociales, these aquatic animals can fight for the oxygen of water body with cultivation fish, easily cause the yellow east of water hypoxia, chrysanthemum Puffer anoxic floating head is dead, and the aquatic animal of these sociales reaches certain peak density Hou Hui collectives death in addition, and these are dead Individual easily causes water quality and ruined.Some above-mentioned problems can be avoided if being covered in takifugu flavidus cultivating pool and supporting exopalaemon carinicauda, Exopalaemon carinicauda can absorb takifugu flavidus and ingest fallen feed fragment and water body during doughy eel feed In aquatic animal, while exopalaemon carinicauda can be cleared up and part utilizes the original organic sediment in pond bottom, and effectively again It make use of pond space.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of ecological cultivation method of takifugu flavidus exopalaemon carinicauda.
The production technology step of the present invention includes:Fingerling stocking, seed shrimp are put in a suitable place to breed, daily management, takifugu flavidus harvest, ridge Tail white shrimp harvests 5 aspects, it is characterized in that ging up in spring temperature, the water temperature on the outer pool is positively retained at 14-15 DEG C, it is possible to by more Winter fingerling is progressively put the outer pool in a suitable place to breed and cultivated, using 2.5-9 mus of outdoor earth pond area, per 1 1.5Kw of 3-5 mu ponds outfits Aerator;Before putting in a suitable place to breed, first with 150-200kg/ mus of quick lime, pond is cleared and sterilized;Using water filling after disinfectant 48 hours, 60 mesh are used Bolting silk net filtration, water elder generation water filling 2/3, i.e. depth of water 100cm, water source is natural sea-water, salinity 5-15;After water filling one week, put Breed fish kind, 3 kinds of fingerling point(Put one kind in a suitable place to breed in one pond):Summer flower fingerling, specification is total length 3-5cm, and breeding density is 3000-5000 Tail/mu, because takifugu flavidus breeding season is in May, obtains summer flower fingerling at the beginning of 7 months then, therefore, summer flower fingerling stocking Time is at the beginning of 7 months;2 age fish fingerlings, specification is 50-70g/ tails, and breeding density is 1000-1200 tails/mu;3 age fish fingerlings, specification For 200g/ tails, breeding density is 800-1000 tails/mu, and screening is carried out when fingerling draws in the net to put in a suitable place to breed and rejects predacious fish, fingerling stocking 1.5m is progressively added water to afterwards;To 6-7 months, exopalaemon carinicauda seed shrimp is harvested in the seed shrimp pool with cage, trash fish is removed, seed shrimp is dissipated It is put into takifugu flavidus cultivating pool, half an hour opens aerator before putting in a suitable place to breed, and to improve the survival rate of shrimp, every mu is put in a suitable place to breed 3-6 Jin;Bait throwing in daily 2 times, daily ration of feeding is the 3-8% of fish body weight, and bait is the eel feed containing crude protein 45%, by powder before feeding Shape feed making is fed in bait table, 2-3 60cm × 60cm of every mu of setting bait table into dough, after feeding every time Food situation is checked, ate up and is advisable in 2 hours, while adjusting the throwing feeding amount of next time, every 2 Zhou Huanshui in time according to the situation of ingesting 1 time;Typically to mid or late November, takifugu flavidus will enter canopy and survive the winter, and first use large mesh(Mesh specification:2-3cm)Net draw in the net Takifugu flavidus is fished for, allows shrimp to be spilt from mesh as far as possible, it is to avoid takifugu flavidus kills shrimp, shrimp quality decline is caused;Then Fingerling specification is in 50-60g/ tails, and survival rate is in 85-95%;The fingerling specification in 2 ages more than the 200g/ tails, specification 250g/ tails can on The ratio in city is in 20-30%, and survival rate is more than 85%, the ratio that 3 age fish specifications can be listed more than 300g/ tails, specification 250g/ tails Rate is in 80-90%, and survival rate is more than 90%;After 95% takifugu flavidus is fished for out, December harvests exopalaemon carinicauda, to ensure shrimp Survival rate, fish for exopalaemon carinicauda point three steps:Exopalaemon carinicauda is first fished for using cage net, then drawn in the net with leather strap net(Polyethylene Net)Go out shrimp, finally clean up the pond and fish for, yield is at 50-100 pounds/acre, and every mu has a net increase of benefit:800-1500 members.
The present invention is relative to the outstanding feature of prior art:1)Exopalaemon carinicauda efficiently utilizes takifugu flavidus and stung The feed fragment being scattered during doughy eel feed is eaten, while can clear up and partly have using pond bottom is original again Machine deposit, it is to avoid it sinks to the bottom the water quality rotted and caused and ruined;2)Avoid the aquatic animal advantage such as Copepods in pond The formation planted, makes pond water quality more stablize;3)Pond space is taken full advantage of, pond productive potentialities has been excavated, has improved pond The usage factor of pool water body, has expanded water body production capacity, in the case where not increasing input, and adds the output in pond, improves Economic benefit.The present invention is easy to operate, it is easy to is accepted and promotes.
Embodiment
Embodiment-:Production technology step includes:
1st, fingerling stocking:Go up in spring temperature, the water temperature on the outer pool is positively retained at 14-15 DEG C, now will can just survived the winter Fingerling is progressively put the outer pool in a suitable place to breed and cultivated, using 2.5-9 mus of outdoor earth pond area, and 1 1.5Kw increasing is equipped with per 3-5 mu ponds Oxygen machine;Before putting in a suitable place to breed, first with 150-200kg/ mus of quick lime, pond is cleared and sterilized;Using water filling after disinfectant 48 hours, 60 purposes are used Bolting silk net filtration, the general first water filling 2/3 of water, about 100cm, water source is natural sea-water, salinity 5-15;After water filling one week, put in a suitable place to breed Fingerling, 3 kinds of fingerling point(Put one kind in a suitable place to breed in one pond):Summer flower fingerling, specification be total length 3-5cm, breeding density be 3000-5000 tails/ Mu, because takifugu flavidus breeding season is in May, obtains summer flower fingerling at the beginning of 7 months, therefore, during summer flower fingerling stocking then Between at the beginning of 7 months;2 age fish fingerlings, specification is 50-70g/ tails, and breeding density is 1000-1200 tails/mu;3 age fish fingerlings, specification is 200g/ tails, breeding density is 800-1000 tails/mu, and screening is carried out when fingerling draws in the net to put in a suitable place to breed and is rejected after predacious fish, fingerling stocking Progressively add water to 1.5m;
2nd, seed shrimp is put in a suitable place to breed:6-7 months typically are arrived, exopalaemon carinicauda seed shrimp is harvested in the seed shrimp pool with cage, trash fish is removed, will Seed shrimp is dissipated into takifugu flavidus cultivating pool, and half an hour opens aerator before putting in a suitable place to breed, to improve the survival rate of shrimp, general every Mu puts 3-6 jins in a suitable place to breed;
3rd, daily management:Bait throwing in daily 2 times, daily ration of feeding is the 3-8% of fish body weight, and bait is the eel containing crude protein 45% Feed, dough is fabricated to before feeding by mash feed, is fed in bait table, 2-3 60cm × 60cm's of general every mu of setting Bait table, after feeding every time, will check food situation, typically ate up and be advisable in 2 hours, while being adjusted in time according to the situation of ingesting Whole next throwing feeding amount, changes water 1 time in every 2 weeks;
4th, takifugu flavidus is harvested:Typically to mid or late November, takifugu flavidus will enter canopy and survive the winter, and first use large mesh(Net Mesh specification:2-3cm)Net draw in the net to fish for takifugu flavidus, allow shrimp to be spilt from mesh as far as possible, it is to avoid takifugu flavidus is killed Shrimp, causes shrimp quality decline.General fingerling specification is in 50-60g/ tails or so then, and survival rate is in 85-95%;The fingerling rule in 2 ages The ratio that lattice can be listed more than 200g/ tails or so, specification 250g/ tails is in 20-30%, and survival rate is more than 85%, 3 age fish specifications The ratio that can be listed more than 300g/ tails or so, specification 250g/ tails is in 80-90%, and survival rate is more than 90%;
5th, exopalaemon carinicauda is harvested:After 95% takifugu flavidus is fished for out, December harvests exopalaemon carinicauda, for ensure shrimp into Motility rate, fishes for three steps of exopalaemon carinicauda point:Exopalaemon carinicauda is first fished for using cage net, shrimp is then drawn in the net out with leather strap net, it is last clear The pool is fished for, and yield is at 50-100 pounds/acre, and every mu has a net increase of benefit:800-1500 members.
Embodiment two:According to the method for embodiment-described,
2013, covered in the cultivation of takifugu flavidus prime fish kind and support exopalaemon carinicauda, Shanghai Aquatic Product Institute's Technique of Raising Seeedling Center pond(2#West), area is 2.5 mu, July 10, puts the tail of summer flower fry 12000, specification 3-5cm in a suitable place to breed, breeding density is 4800 tails/mu, put 15 jin of shrimp species 10-15 days July in a suitable place to breed, draw in the net November 13 to harvest the tail of large size fingerling 11500, specification is in 45g/ Tail or so, survival rate is 95.8%, 1035 jin of takifugu flavidus gross weight, and feed coefficient is:1.91.December 3, harvest spine end was white 201 jin of shrimp, goes out 80.4 jin, mu has a net increase of benefit per per mu yield:1300 yuan.
Embodiment three:According to the method for embodiment-described, 2013, covered in the cultivation of takifugu flavidus prime fish kind and support ridge Tail white shrimp, Shanghai Aquatic Product Institute's Technique of Raising Seeedling center 1#The The South Pool pool, area is 2.5 mu, July 10, puts summer flower fry in a suitable place to breed 12000 tails, specification 3-5cm, breeding density is 4800 tails/mu, puts 15 jin of shrimp species 10-15 days July in a suitable place to breed, draws in the net November 13 to harvest The tail of large size fingerling 11600, specification is in 55g/ tails or so, and survival rate is in 96.6%, 1276 jin of takifugu flavidus gross weight, bait Coefficient is:1.82.December 4 harvested 267 jin of exopalaemon carinicauda, specification:270 tails/jin, go out 106.8 jin, mu has a net increase of effect per per mu yield Benefit:1600 yuan.
Example IV:According to the method for embodiment-described, 2013, covered in the cultivation of takifugu flavidus young fish of two years, fingerlings of two years and support ridge Tail white shrimp, the western field 1-6 of Shanghai Aquatic Product Institute#Pond, area is 9 mu, April 22, the tail of young fish of two years, fingerlings of two years 13540, specification 68g/ tails, count 1842 jin, breeding density is 1500 tails/mu;It was put into 24.8 jin of exopalaemon carinicauda seed shrimp on July 3, the tail of specification 460/ Jin, draws in the net and is captured altogether to the dry pool on December 11 on November 14th, 2013, the chrysanthemum Huang tail of globefish 13043, and survival rate is:96.3%; 240g/ tails are averagely weighed, 5478.0 jin are counted, 608.6 jin of average yield per mu, feed coefficient is:2.24.4-11 days December, harvest spine end was white 475.6 jin of shrimp, specification:360 tails/jin, go out 52.8 jin, mu has a net increase of benefit per per mu yield:800 yuan.

Claims (1)

1. a kind of ecological cultivation method of takifugu flavidus exopalaemon carinicauda, production technology step includes fingerling stocking, seed shrimp Put in a suitable place to breed, daily management, takifugu flavidus harvest, exopalaemon carinicauda harvest 5 aspects, it is characterized in that spring temperature go up, the outer pool Water temperature when being positively retained at 14-15 DEG C, the fingerling that will survive the winter progressively is put the outer pool in a suitable place to breed and cultivated, using outdoor earth pond area 2.5- 9 mu, 1 1.5Kw aerator is equipped with per 3-5 mus of ponds;Before putting in a suitable place to breed, first with 150-200kg/ mus of quick lime, pond is cleared and sterilized;Make With water filling after disinfectant 48 hours, with the bolting silk net filtration of 60 mesh, first water filling 2/3, i.e. depth of water 100cm, water source is natural sea-water, Salinity 5-15;After water filling one week, fingerling is put in a suitable place to breed, fingerling divides 3 kinds, and one kind is put in a pond in a suitable place to breed:Summer flower fingerling, specification is total length 3-5cm, Breeding density is 3000-5000 tails/mu, and the summer flower fingerling stocking time is at the beginning of 7 months;2 age fish fingerlings, specification is 50-70g/ tails, is put It is 1000-1200 tails/mu to support density;3 age fish fingerlings, specification is 200g/ tails, and breeding density is 800-1000 tails/mu, and fingerling is drawn Carry out progressively adding water to 1.5m after predacious fish, fingerling stocking are rejected in screening when net is put in a suitable place to breed;To 6-7 months, with cage in seed shrimp Exopalaemon carinicauda seed shrimp is harvested in the pool, trash fish is removed, seed shrimp is dissipated into takifugu flavidus cultivating pool, every mu is put in a suitable place to breed 3-6 jins, Half an hour opens aerator before putting in a suitable place to breed;Bait throwing in daily 2 times, daily ration of feeding is the 3-8% of fish body weight, and bait is containing crude protein 45% Eel feed, dough is fabricated to before feeding by mash feed, is fed in bait table, 2-3 60cm × 60cm's of every mu of setting Bait table, after feeding every time, will check food situation, eat up and be advisable in 2 hours, while according in the situation of ingesting in time adjustment Secondary throwing feeding amount, changes water 1 time in every 2 weeks;To mid or late November, takifugu flavidus will enter canopy and survive the winter, first with large mesh, mesh specification 2-3cm net draws in the net to fish for takifugu flavidus, allows shrimp to be spilt from mesh as far as possible;After 95% takifugu flavidus is fished for out, December Exopalaemon carinicauda is harvested, to ensure the survival rate of shrimp, three steps of exopalaemon carinicauda point are fished for:Exopalaemon carinicauda is first fished for using cage net, so Draw in the net out shrimp with leather strap net afterwards, finally clean up the pond and fish for.
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CN104982354A (en) * 2015-06-12 2015-10-21 上海市水产研究所 Ecological cultivation method of fugu flavidus intercropping barracuda parental fish
CN105660486A (en) * 2016-03-14 2016-06-15 上海市水产研究所 Breeding method for intercropping mullet parents and fugu obscurus
CN106386588B (en) * 2016-09-18 2018-05-29 中国海洋大学 A kind of ecological cultivation method of Fugu rubripes
CN111990302B (en) * 2020-09-03 2022-01-25 聊城易海食品有限公司 Shrimp roe quick arranging and taking device simulating combing movement
CN115669576A (en) * 2022-10-26 2023-02-03 上海市水产研究所(上海市水产技术推广站) Method for improving overwintering survival rate of coilia ectenes second-instar fingerlings

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